• Title/Summary/Keyword: 온도 추출효율

Search Result 259, Processing Time 0.025 seconds

Development of Subcategorization Dictionary for the Disambiguation Korean Language Analysis (한국어 분석의 중의성 해소를 위한 하위범주화 사전 구축)

  • Lee, Su-Seon;Park, Hyun-Jae;Woo, Yo-Seop
    • Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
    • /
    • 1999.10e
    • /
    • pp.257-264
    • /
    • 1999
  • 자연언어 처리에 있어 문장의 성분 구조를 파악하는 통사적 해석에서는 애매성 있는 결과가 많이 생성된다. 한국어의 경우 어순 등의 통사적 특성뿐 아니라 상황과 의미, 문맥이 문장의 분석에 더 중요한 역할을 하기 때문에 문맥 자유 문법에 의한 접근 방법만으로는 중의적 구조의 해결이 어렵다. 이는 또한 의미 분석시 애매성을 증가시키는 원인이 된다. 이러한 통사적, 의미적 중의성 해결을 위해 용언 중심의 하위범주화 사전을 구축하였다. 본 논문에서는 용언에 따라 제한될 수 있는 하위범주 패턴을 정의하고 패턴에 따라 하위범주 사전을 구축하였다. 하위범주화 사전에는 명사의 시소러스와 정합하여 보어를 선택 제한(Selectional Restriction)할 수 있도록 용언과 명사와의 의미적 연어 관계에 따라 의미마커를 부여했다. 말뭉치를 통해 수집된 용언 12,000여개를 대상으로 25,000여개의 하위범주 패턴을 구축하였고 이렇게 구축한 하위범주화 사전이 120,000여 명사에 대한 의미를 갖고 있는 계층 시소러스 의미 사전과 연동하도록 하였다. 또한 논문에서 구현된 하위범주화 사전이 구문과 어휘의 중의성을 어느 정도 해소하는지 확인하기 위해 반자동적으로 의미 태깅(Sense Tagging)된 2만여 문장의 말뭉치를 통해 검증 작업을 수행하고, 의존관계와 어휘의 의미를 포함하고 있는 말뭉치에 하위범주 패턴이 어느정도 정합되는지를 분석하여, 하위범주 패턴과 말뭉치의 의존관계만 일치하는 경우와 어휘의 의미까지 일치하는 경우에 대해 평가한다. 이 과정에서 하위범주 패턴에 대한 빈도 정보나, 연어 정보를 수집하여 데이터베이스에 포함시키고, 각 의미역과 용언의 통계적 공기 정보 등을 추출하는 방법도 제시하고자 한다.을 입증하였다.적응에 문제점을 가지기도 하였다. 본 연구에서는 그 동안 계속되어 온 한글과 한잔의 사용에 관한 논쟁을 언어심리학적인 연구 방법을 통해 조사하였다. 즉, 글을 읽는 속도, 글의 의미를 얼마나 정확하게 이해했는지, 어느 것이 더 기억에 오래 남는지를 측정하여 어느 쪽의 입장이 옮은 지를 판단하는 것이다. 실험 결과는 문장을 읽는 시간에서는 한글 전용문인 경우에 월등히 빨랐다. 그러나. 내용에 대한 기억 검사에서는 국한 혼용 조건에서 더 우수하였다. 반면에, 이해력 검사에서는 천장 효과(Ceiling effect)로 두 조건간에 차이가 없었다. 따라서, 본 실험 결과에 따르면, 글의 읽기 속도가 중요한 문서에서는 한글 전용이 좋은 반면에 글의 내용 기억이 강조되는 경우에는 한자를 혼용하는 것이 더 효율적이다.이 높은 활성을 보였다. 7. 이상을 종합하여 볼 때 고구마 끝순에는 페놀화합물이 다량 함유되어 있어 높은 항산화 활성을 가지며, 아질산염소거능 및 ACE저해활성과 같은 생리적 효과도 높아 기능성 채소로 이용하기에 충분한 가치가 있다고 판단된다.등의 관련 질환의 예방, 치료용 의약품 개발과 기능성 식품에 효과적으로 이용될 수 있음을 시사한다.tall fescue 23%, Kentucky bluegrass 6%, perennial ryegrass 8%) 및 white clover 23%를 유지하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합할 때, 초종과 파종비율에 따른 혼파초지의 건물수량과 사료가치의 차이를 확인할 수 있었으며, 레드 클로버 + 혼파 초지가 건물수량과 사료가치를 높이는데 효과적이었다.\ell}$ 이었으며 , yeast extract 첨가(添加)하여 배양시(培養時)는 yeast extract

  • PDF

Determination of Phorate (0,0-diethyl S-ethylthiomethyl phosphorithioate) and its Metabolites in Soil and Vegetables by GLC (토양(土壤)과 채소중(菜蔬中) Phorate(0,0-diethyl S-ethylthiomethyl phosphorithioate)와 그 대사산물(代謝産物)들의 GLC분석(分析))

  • Hong, Jong-Uck;Lee, Hae-Keun
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
    • /
    • v.26 no.2
    • /
    • pp.104-109
    • /
    • 1983
  • Gas chromatographic method for the analysis of phorate(0,0-diethyl S-ethyl-thiomethyl phosphorithioate) and its metabolites in soil and vegetables was studied by using a mixed phase column(10% DC-200+8% Reoplex-400+2% QF-1 on Gas Chrom Q, $1.8{\times}2mm$ i.d, borosilicate glass column). This column can separate completely phorate and its four metabolites except phoratoxon sulfoxide. Retention time of standard mixture ranged 1.8 to 16.1 minutes at column temperature programming from 130 to $200^{\circ}C$ at $5^{\circ}C/min$ and detector sensitivity was also very high(0.05 to 1.05ng). Recoveries from soil and vegetables untreated but fortified with phorate and its three major metabolites at 0.05 and 0.5ppm levels were above 90% for phorate, phorate sulfoxide and phorate sulfone while recovery of phoratoxon metabolite was about 84%.

  • PDF

Mechanisms of Cold Injury and Cultural Practices for Reducing Damage of Rice (벼 냉해발성 기작과 피해 경감대책)

  • Lee, Moon-Hee;Park, Nam-Kyu;Park, Suk-Hong
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
    • /
    • v.34 no.s02
    • /
    • pp.34-44
    • /
    • 1989
  • The stability of rice cultivation in Korea is largely depended on climatic conditions, especially, low temperature at the period of early growth stage and after heading. The improvement of cold tolerant varieties and appropriate cultural practices in rice are very effective to minimize the cold damage. This paper is summarized the mechanism and counterplans of cold injury of rice plants. The paddy area having commonly cold injury in Korea is approximately 15, 522ha in 1,709 sites on the national scale. The cold damage at seedling stage in nursery bed appeared to poor germination, leaf discoloration, dead seedlings and seedling rot ect.. At the vegetative stage, the decreased tiller number due to poor rooting and the delayed heading caused by slow growth and panicle differentiation are commonly showed. The cold injury at early reproductive stage appeared to the degeneration of spikelets and rachis - branches, while that at meiosis stage showed to increased sterility due to poor development of pollen and shortened panicle length with delaying heading, therefore the grain yield is largely decreased. The cold damage at heading and ripening stages showed to poor pollination and fertilization, low panicle exsertion, poor grain filling and finally grain quality became low. To minimize the cold injury to rice plants by low temperature, following counterplans would be recommonded ; Improvement of the cold toelrant rice varieties for the regions of midmountains and alpines. Raising healthy seedlings at upland nursery beds and by using of growth regulators such as ABA, Fuchiwang and Tachiace. Soil improvement and organic matter application to reduce cold damage by increasing water and fertilizer holding capacities in the paddy field having commonly cold water and in the place where cold damage is regularly occurred. Appropriate fertilization for raising healthy rice plants to tolerate under low temperature condition. Water management to increase water temperature in the paddy such as depth watering, round channels and polyethylene tubes around the field. Establishment of the optimum cultivation time of rice based on minimum, mean and maximum temperatures at different regions with appropriate rice varieties.

  • PDF

Effects of Processing Conditions on the Nutritional Quality of Seafood -1. Effects of Heating and Storage Conditions on Protein Quality of Surimi Products- (해양식량자원의 가공조건별 영양적 품질평가 -1. 가열 및 저장조건에 따른 수산연제품의 단백질 품질변화-)

  • RYU Hong-Soo;MOON Jeung-Hye;PARK Jeung-Hyeon
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
    • /
    • v.27 no.3
    • /
    • pp.282-291
    • /
    • 1994
  • Optimal processing conditions and shelf-life of steamed kamaboko made from Alaska pollock surimi were investigated, including protein digestibility, computed protein efficiency ratio (C-PER), trypsin inhibitor content and protein solubility. Steamed kamaboko containing $5\%$ starch and $33\%$ water in pollock surimi showed the best protein quality in terms of C-PER and protein digestibility. Steaming could not give any significant advantage over kamaboko protein digestibility but a higher C-PER resulted from steamed kamaboko. All kamaboko products had trypsin content of 1.4 to $2.0mg\%$ which was $10\%$ of total trypsin inhibitor levels in frozen pollock meat. A two stage steaming process, the first at $40^{\circ}C$ for 20min followed by a second 10min steaming period at $95^{\circ}C$, was found to be the most effective way of the most effective heating process for kamaboko protein quality. C-PERs of marketed Korean surimi products ranged from $2.8{\sim}2.9$ for steamed kamaboko and $2.9{\sim}3.2$ for crab meat analog which were superior to ANRC casein(2.5). Measured protein digestibility of all products were ranged from 86 to $89\%$. VBN and protein solubility data suggest Korean marketed surimi products could have a shelf-life of 15 days at $4^{\circ}C$ for crab meat analog and 20 days at $4^{\circ}C$ for steamed kamaboko.

  • PDF

Agronomic Characteristics of A Mutant for Genic Male Sterility-Chalky Endosperm and Its Utilization on $F_1$ Hybrid Breeding System in Rice (벼 유전자적 웅성불임-심백 돌연변이체의 특성과 그를 이용한 일대잡종 육성체계)

  • ;Mun-Hue Heu
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
    • /
    • v.40 no.6
    • /
    • pp.684-696
    • /
    • 1995
  • A mutant for chalky endosperm and genetic male sterility (GMS) was newly developed in rice. The two characters were found to be controlled by single recessive gene which has pleiotropic effect, indicating that chalky seeds should be GMS seeds in segregating populations. Chalky seeds showed the same shape and size as normal seeds. However, starch composition of central part of endosperm was looser and shape of starch granules was rounder compared with normal endosperm, resulting in significantly lower grain weight, absolute density and grain hardness in chalky grains than in normal ones. Amylose content and gel consistency of chalky grains were much lower and harder, respectively. Male sterile plants showed much shorter plant height, poorer panicle exsertion and lesser panicle number compared with normal plants. Microspore abortion stage in pollen developmental process was observed as before meiosis. Male sterility of the mutant was stable regadless of temperature and day length. A system breeding hybrid rice using this mutant was discussed, comp ring with other systems utilizing cytoplasmic-genic male sterility(CGMS) and environment sensitive GMS(EGMS). Separation of GMS seeds in mixed seed bulks by specific gravity (1.14∼1.16g / cm3) was successful about 85∼90%. But some mixed normal plants were seemed to be easily removed by the apparent difference in growth characters at seedling stage. The highest natural outcrossing rate of this GMS line was as 17.3 % in a plot treated with 2-row pollinator, I-row GMS, and GA3 + cutting of flag leaf + pollen-scattering by rope.

  • PDF

Calcination Condition for Recovery of Calcium from Cuttle Bone and Characteristics of Calcined Cuttle Bone Powder (갑오징어갑으로부터 칼슘의 회수조건 및 소성 칼슘의 특성)

  • CHO Moon-Lae;HEU Min-Soo;KIM Jin-Soo
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
    • /
    • v.34 no.6
    • /
    • pp.600-604
    • /
    • 2001
  • For the effective utilization of cuttle bone as a calcium powder, we examined calcination condition ($700^{\circ}C: 0\sim10\;hrs,\;800^{\circ}C:\;0\sim3\;hrs,\;900^{\circ}C:\;0\sim1\;hr\;and\;1,000^{\circ}C:\;0\sim30\;mins$) for recovery of calcium from raw cuttle bone powder (RCB) and characteristics of calcined cuttle bone powder (CCB) treated by optimal condition. During calcination of RCB, the yields was decreased, while total and soluble calcium contents and white index were increased up to constant calcination time ($8\;hrs\;at\;700^{\circ}C,\;2\;hrs\;at\;800^{\circ}C,\;45\;min\;at\;900^{\circ}C\;and\;20\;min\;at\;1,000^{\circ}C$). But, these after that almost unchanged. From these results, the optimal calcination conditions for recovery of calcium from RCB were revealed $8\;hrs\;at\;700^{\circ}C,\;2\;hrs\;at\;800^{\circ}C,\;45\;min\;at\;900^{\circ}C\;and\;20\;min\;at\;1,000^{\circ}C$. In the case of CCB treated for 2 hrs at $800^{\circ}C$, total calcium was about $70\%$, the major component was calcium oxide, and the structure consisted of porosity. The calcium solubility of CCB increased by 22 times compared to RCB. But, the pH of RCB was about 12.9. Therefore, for the effective utilization of RCB as a calcium powder, it requires a suitable modification operation for adjustment of pH ($pH\;2.0\~9.0$).

  • PDF

Revision of Nutrition Quotient for Korean adults: NQ-2021 (한국 성인을 위한 영양지수 개정: NQ-2021)

  • Yook, Sung-Min;Lim, Young-Suk;Lee, Jung-Sug;Kim, Ki-Nam;Hwang, Hyo-Jeong;Kwon, Sehyug;Hwang, Ji-Yun;Kim, Hye-Young
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
    • /
    • v.55 no.2
    • /
    • pp.278-295
    • /
    • 2022
  • Purpose: This study was undertaken to revise and update the Nutrition Quotient (NQ) for Korean adults, a tool used to evaluate dietary quality and behavior. Methods: The first 31 items of the measurable food behavior checklist were adopted based on considerations of the previous NQ checklist, recent literature reviews, national nutrition policies, and recommendations. A pilot survey was conducted on 100 adults aged 19 to 64 residing in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province from March to April 2021 using a provisional 26- item checklist. Pilot survey data were analyzed using factor analysis and frequency analysis to determine whether checklist items were well organized and responses to questions were well distributed, respectively. As a result, the number of items on the food behavior checklist was reduced to 23 for the nationwide survey, which was administered to 1,000 adults (470 men and 530 women) aged 19 to 64 from May to August 2021. The construct validity of the developed NQ (NQ-2021) was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis, linear structural relations. Results: Eighteen items in 3 categories, that is, balance (8 items), moderation (6 items), and practice (4 items), were finally included in NQ-2021 food behavior checklist. 'Balance' items addressed the intake frequencies of essential foods, 'moderation' items the frequencies of unhealthy food intakes or behaviors, and 'practice' items addressed eating behaviors. Items and categories were weighted using standardized path coefficients to calculate NQ-2021 scores. Conclusion: The updated NQ-2021 appears to be suitable for easily and quickly assessing the diet qualities and behaviors of Korean adults.

Geology of Athabasca Oil Sands in Canada (캐나다 아사바스카 오일샌드 지질특성)

  • Kwon, Yi-Kwon
    • The Korean Journal of Petroleum Geology
    • /
    • v.14 no.1
    • /
    • pp.1-11
    • /
    • 2008
  • As conventional oil and gas reservoirs become depleted, interests for oil sands has rapidly increased in the last decade. Oil sands are mixture of bitumen, water, and host sediments of sand and clay. Most oil sand is unconsolidated sand that is held together by bitumen. Bitumen has hydrocarbon in situ viscosity of >10,000 centipoises (cP) at reservoir condition and has API gravity between $8-14^{\circ}$. The largest oil sand deposits are in Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canada. The reverves are approximated at 1.7 trillion barrels of initial oil-in-place and 173 billion barrels of remaining established reserves. Alberta has a number of oil sands deposits which are grouped into three oil sand development areas - the Athabasca, Cold Lake, and Peace River, with the largest current bitumen production from Athabasca. Principal oil sands deposits consist of the McMurray Fm and Wabiskaw Mbr in Athabasca area, the Gething and Bluesky formations in Peace River area, and relatively thin multi-reservoir deposits of McMurray, Clearwater, and Grand Rapid formations in Cold Lake area. The reservoir sediments were deposited in the foreland basin (Western Canada Sedimentary Basin) formed by collision between the Pacific and North America plates and the subsequent thrusting movements in the Mesozoic. The deposits are underlain by basement rocks of Paleozoic carbonates with highly variable topography. The oil sands deposits were formed during the Early Cretaceous transgression which occurred along the Cretaceous Interior Seaway in North America. The oil-sands-hosting McMurray and Wabiskaw deposits in the Athabasca area consist of the lower fluvial and the upper estuarine-offshore sediments, reflecting the broad and overall transgression. The deposits are characterized by facies heterogeneity of channelized reservoir sands and non-reservoir muds. Main reservoir bodies of the McMurray Formation are fluvial and estuarine channel-point bar complexes which are interbedded with fine-grained deposits formed in floodplain, tidal flat, and estuarine bay. The Wabiskaw deposits (basal member of the Clearwater Formation) commonly comprise sheet-shaped offshore muds and sands, but occasionally show deep-incision into the McMurray deposits, forming channelized reservoir sand bodies of oil sands. In Canada, bitumen of oil sands deposits is produced by surface mining or in-situ thermal recovery processes. Bitumen sands recovered by surface mining are changed into synthetic crude oil through extraction and upgrading processes. On the other hand, bitumen produced by in-situ thermal recovery is transported to refinery only through bitumen blending process. The in-situ thermal recovery technology is represented by Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage and Cyclic Steam Stimulation. These technologies are based on steam injection into bitumen sand reservoirs for increase in reservoir in-situ temperature and in bitumen mobility. In oil sands reservoirs, efficiency for steam propagation is controlled mainly by reservoir geology. Accordingly, understanding of geological factors and characteristics of oil sands reservoir deposits is prerequisite for well-designed development planning and effective bitumen production. As significant geological factors and characteristics in oil sands reservoir deposits, this study suggests (1) pay of bitumen sands and connectivity, (2) bitumen content and saturation, (3) geologic structure, (4) distribution of mud baffles and plugs, (5) thickness and lateral continuity of mud interbeds, (6) distribution of water-saturated sands, (7) distribution of gas-saturated sands, (8) direction of lateral accretion of point bar, (9) distribution of diagenetic layers and nodules, and (10) texture and fabric change within reservoir sand body.

  • PDF

KNU Korean Sentiment Lexicon: Bi-LSTM-based Method for Building a Korean Sentiment Lexicon (Bi-LSTM 기반의 한국어 감성사전 구축 방안)

  • Park, Sang-Min;Na, Chul-Won;Choi, Min-Seong;Lee, Da-Hee;On, Byung-Won
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
    • /
    • v.24 no.4
    • /
    • pp.219-240
    • /
    • 2018
  • Sentiment analysis, which is one of the text mining techniques, is a method for extracting subjective content embedded in text documents. Recently, the sentiment analysis methods have been widely used in many fields. As good examples, data-driven surveys are based on analyzing the subjectivity of text data posted by users and market researches are conducted by analyzing users' review posts to quantify users' reputation on a target product. The basic method of sentiment analysis is to use sentiment dictionary (or lexicon), a list of sentiment vocabularies with positive, neutral, or negative semantics. In general, the meaning of many sentiment words is likely to be different across domains. For example, a sentiment word, 'sad' indicates negative meaning in many fields but a movie. In order to perform accurate sentiment analysis, we need to build the sentiment dictionary for a given domain. However, such a method of building the sentiment lexicon is time-consuming and various sentiment vocabularies are not included without the use of general-purpose sentiment lexicon. In order to address this problem, several studies have been carried out to construct the sentiment lexicon suitable for a specific domain based on 'OPEN HANGUL' and 'SentiWordNet', which are general-purpose sentiment lexicons. However, OPEN HANGUL is no longer being serviced and SentiWordNet does not work well because of language difference in the process of converting Korean word into English word. There are restrictions on the use of such general-purpose sentiment lexicons as seed data for building the sentiment lexicon for a specific domain. In this article, we construct 'KNU Korean Sentiment Lexicon (KNU-KSL)', a new general-purpose Korean sentiment dictionary that is more advanced than existing general-purpose lexicons. The proposed dictionary, which is a list of domain-independent sentiment words such as 'thank you', 'worthy', and 'impressed', is built to quickly construct the sentiment dictionary for a target domain. Especially, it constructs sentiment vocabularies by analyzing the glosses contained in Standard Korean Language Dictionary (SKLD) by the following procedures: First, we propose a sentiment classification model based on Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM). Second, the proposed deep learning model automatically classifies each of glosses to either positive or negative meaning. Third, positive words and phrases are extracted from the glosses classified as positive meaning, while negative words and phrases are extracted from the glosses classified as negative meaning. Our experimental results show that the average accuracy of the proposed sentiment classification model is up to 89.45%. In addition, the sentiment dictionary is more extended using various external sources including SentiWordNet, SenticNet, Emotional Verbs, and Sentiment Lexicon 0603. Furthermore, we add sentiment information about frequently used coined words and emoticons that are used mainly on the Web. The KNU-KSL contains a total of 14,843 sentiment vocabularies, each of which is one of 1-grams, 2-grams, phrases, and sentence patterns. Unlike existing sentiment dictionaries, it is composed of words that are not affected by particular domains. The recent trend on sentiment analysis is to use deep learning technique without sentiment dictionaries. The importance of developing sentiment dictionaries is declined gradually. However, one of recent studies shows that the words in the sentiment dictionary can be used as features of deep learning models, resulting in the sentiment analysis performed with higher accuracy (Teng, Z., 2016). This result indicates that the sentiment dictionary is used not only for sentiment analysis but also as features of deep learning models for improving accuracy. The proposed dictionary can be used as a basic data for constructing the sentiment lexicon of a particular domain and as features of deep learning models. It is also useful to automatically and quickly build large training sets for deep learning models.