• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2000.02a
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• pp.282-283
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 사용한 양자 우물 구조는 그림 1과 같이 각 양자 우물의 두께가 다르게 분포되어 있다. 이러한 불균일 양자 우물 구조는 주로 광대역폭 반도체 광 증폭기를 위한 구조,$^{l).2)}$ 광대역폭 superluminescent diodes에 적용하기 위한 구조,$^{3)}$ 광대역폭 및 온도 비의존성 면발광 레이저를 위한 구조로 이용되고 있다.$^{4)}$ 이들 소자의 실현을 위해 우선 불균일 양자 우물 구조의 특성을 알아볼 필요가 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이 구조를 CBE로 성장하고 릿지형 반도체 레이저를 제작하여 광학적 특성을 조사하였다. (중략)

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 2010

We measured the temperature of target surface inducing by various physical phenomenon on magnetron sputtering target and confirmed the possibilities if the temperature distribution could affect plasma and deposited thin film. The target of magnetron sputtering has two types: round type and rectangular type. In a rectangular target, the concentrated discharge area by corner effect by magnetic field and non-uniform erosion of target are generated. And we found the generation of non-uniform temperature distribution on the target surface from this. This area was $10{\sim}20^{\circ}C$ higher than non-sputtering area. And if particles are generated during sputtering process, they were $20^{\circ}C$ higher than the area where is higher than non-sputtering area. These effects result in non-uniformity of thin films, crack of ceramic target, and shortening target life by non-uniform erosion.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.232-233
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• 2004

강구조물 제작 시 용접프로세스에 의해 용접부 근방에 불균일한 온도분포가 발생하여 용접변형이 발생된다. 이러한 용접변형은 좌굴강도와 피로강도를 저하시킬 뿐 아니라 구조물의 크기와 형상을 변화시켜 이를 교정하거나 수정하기 위해 추가작업을 실시해야함으로 생산성을 저하시키는 주요한 요인이 되고 있다. (중략)

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.552-559
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• 2008

Three dimensional numerical analysis were performed to investigate the combustion characteristics in a tangentially fired pulverized coal boiler. The predicted values at the outlet of economizer for the gas temperature, O$_2$, NO, CO were been compared with the measured data. By using the actual operating conditions of the power plant, the distribution of velocity, gas temperature, O$_2$, CO, CO$_2$ and NO as well as the particle tracking in the boiler were investigated. Throughout the present study, the non-uniform distribution of flue gas temperature in front of the final superheater might be resulted from the residual swirl flow in the upper furnace of the boiler. The present analysis on non-uniform distribution of the gas temperature could provide the useful information to prevent the frequent tube failure from happening in the final superheater of the tangentially coal-fired boiler.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.35-40
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• 2013

Natural convection of air with Pr=0.7 between two horizontal plates with small magnitude non-uniform temperature distribution[${\in}{\Delta}Tsin({\kappa}X/H)$, H : gap width, X : horizontal coordinate] in the lower plate is numerically(${\in}=0.01$) investigated. In the conduction-dominated regime with $Ra{\leq}1700$, two upright cells are formed over one wave length($2{\pi}/{\kappa}$). For small wave number, the flow becomes unstable with increase of Rayleigh number, and multicellular convection occurs above a critical Rayleigh number. The flow patterns are classified by the number of eddies over one wave length. When ${\kappa}=1$, a transition of $2{\rightarrow}4{\rightarrow}6$ eddy flow occurs with increase of Rayleigh number, and no hysteresis phenomenon is observed. Dual and triple solutions are found for ${\kappa}=1$, and transitions of $10{\rightarrow}8$, $8{\rightarrow}6$, $6{\rightarrow}4{\rightarrow}2$ eddy flow occur with decrease of Rayleigh number.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.373-379
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• 2009

In this study, frosting experiment was conducted to investigate the characteristics of frost formed on heat exchanger fins of non-uniform temperature distribution. Temperature distribution and frost characteristics of a 2-D fin surface were investigated in the airflow direction and the direction perpendicular to airflow. Temperature gradient was very small in the airflow direction, while it was large in the direction perpendicular to airflow due to fin heat conduction. The variations of the frost thickness gradient and the frost density gradient in the direction perpendicular to airflow were significant. On the other hand, the temperature gradient on frost surface in the direction perpendicular to airflow was significant at the early stage of frosting, while it decreased gradually as time elapsed.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.161-166
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to apprehend the behavior of exhaust gas flow from gas turbine during part load operation in Heat Recovery Steam Generator. As a first step of this work, internal flow characteristics according to HRSG types were examined by CFD analysis. Next step, tube temperature according to gas turbine 53% and 100% load conditions were calculated by results of CFD and those were compared with temperature data gathered from real plant. Finally, thermal performance due to part load operation was calculated to estimate the influence of heat transfer in superheater. In addition, new type of device is suggested to eliminate the uneven temperature distribution of tubes during part load operation.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.57-65
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• 2015

This study investigates characteristics of time series spatial distribution on climate factors in Andong Dam basin by estimating precise spatio-temporal distribution of hydro-meteorological information. A spatio-temporal distribution by estimating Semi-Variogram based on spatial autocorrelation was examined using the data from ASOS and 7 hydro-meteorological observatories in Andong Dam basin of upper Nakdonggang River, which were installed and observed by NIMR(National Institute of Meterological Research). Also, temperature and humidity as climate variables were analyzed and it was recognized that there is a variability in watershed area by time and months. Regardless of season, an equal spatial distribution of temperature at 14 o'clock and humidity at 10 o'clock was identified, and nonequal distribution was noticed for both variables at 18 o'clock. From monthly spatial analysis, the most unequal distribution of temperature was seen in January, and the most equal distribution was detected in September. The most unequal distribution of humidity was identified in May, and the most equal distribution was seen in January. Unlike in forest, seasonal spatial distribution characteristics were less apparent;but temperature and humidity had respective characteristics in hydro-meteorology.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.16 no.1 s.75
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• pp.28-36
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• 2007

Nano-sized ITO powders with the average particle size below 50 nm were synthesized from complex acid solution dissolved the ITO target into hydrochloric acid by a spray pyrolysis process, and the influences of reaction factors as reaction temperature and concentration of raw material solution were investigated. As the reaction temperature increases from 800 to $1000^{\circ}C$, the average particle size of the ITO powder increases from 40 nm to 100 nm, the microstructure gradually becomes solid, individual particles independently appear with the shape of polygon, the particle size distribution becomes increasingly irregular, the XRD peak intensity gradually increases and the specific surface area decreases. As the concentration of the raw material solution increases from 50g/l to 400g/l, the average particle size of ITO powder gradually increases, yet the particle size distribution appears more irregular. When the concentration is at 50 g/l, the average particle size of ITO powder is below 30 nm and the particle size distribution appears comparatively uniform. Nevertheless, when the concentration reaches 400 g/l, which is close to e saturated concentration, the particle size distribution appears extremely irregular, and the particles with the size ranging from 20 nm to 100 nm coexist. Along with the concentration rise, the XRD peak intensity gradually increases, yet the specific surface area decreases.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2000.08a
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• pp.110-111
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• 2000

여기 파워는 고체 레이저 매질 내부에 열을 발생시킨다. 매질 내부에서 발생한 열은 매질 표면을 따라 냉각이 진행되어 매질 내부에서는 불균일한 온도분포가 발생하게 된다. 레이저 매질의 굴절율은 온도에 따라 변하기 때문에 열복굴절 현상과 열렌즈 현상이 일어나 레이저 출력의 손실, 빔질의 저하를 유발하고 열적 스트레스는 매질의 손상 및 모드 동기된 극초단 펄스가 넓어지는 등의 문제를 초래한다. 선형 편광 광선을 이용하는 고체 레이저에서 열복굴절에 의해 레이저 출력이 약 30 %까지 감소하므로 레이저 공진기를 구성하는데 있어서 정량적인 열영향의 해석이 필요하다. 열복굴절에 의해 발생한 손실량은 다음과 같이 표현할 수 있다. (중략)