• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.159-165
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• 1999

복합화력 발전플랜트의 운전에서 특히 하절기의 첨두부하시에 외기온도의 상승으로 인한 가스터빈의 출력 감소를 해결하기 위한 방법으로 LNG 연료가 보유하고 있는 냉열을 이용하여 압축기로 유입되는 공기 온도를 감소시키는 냉각시스템의 개념을 개발하고자 복합화력 발전플랜트에 대한 설계점 및 외기온도 변화에 대한 탈설계점 모델링 연구를 수행하였다. 대상 프랜트는 940 MW 서인천 복합 발전플랜트 모듈의 단위 블록을 선택하였으며 발전플랜트 전용 해석코드인 GateCycle을 이용하여 가스터빈과 증기사이클의 주요 기기 들에 대한 모델을 개발하였다. 개발된 모델의 결과를 대상플랜트의 시운전결과와 비교하여 모델의 적정성을 검증하였다. 출력, 효율, 온도 및 유량 등 주요 설계인자들이 최대 ~1.3%의 상대오차 범위 안에서 만족할 만한 신뢰도를 갖는 것을 확인하였다. 탈설계점 성능해석은 본 논문과 관련한 연구의 주목적인 LNG 냉열에 의한 유입공기 냉각시스템 설계시의 경계변수인 외기온도 증가에 대한 각 사이클의 특성변화를 대상으로 하였다. 종합적으로 외기온도가 증가하면 압축기로 유입되는 공기의 양과 이에 대응하는 소요 연료량이 동시에 감소하므로 연소에 따른 가스터빈의 팽창비가 감소한다. 이로 인하여 외기온도 증가시에 가스터빈 출력감소율은 0.5%/$^{\circ}C$로서 배기가스를 이용하는 증기사이클의 출력감소율 0.2%/$^{\circ}C$에 비해 민감하므로 가스터빈 유입공기의 냉각시스템의 설계는 복합화력발전 플랜트의 효율 향상에 크게 기여할 것으로 예상된다.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.103-109
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• 2009

The thermal degradation of concrete results mainly from two mechanisms. The first one is related to phase transformations of constituents at different temperatures. The initial constituents transform to other phases due to elevated temperature. The second mechanism is related to the temperature sensitivity of the mechanical properties of the constituents in concrete. Therefore, the degradation of concrete under high temperatures must be studied from both mechanical and chemical points of view. This study was performed as a basic study to propose the material models of concrete exposed to high temperatures considering above two mechanisms. This study presents a prediction model on the porosity of hardened cement paste considering phase changes according to temperature increase.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.545-551
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• 2018

For domestic application of the temperature gradient model proposed by foreign design standards, a specimen of steel box girder bridge was fabricated with the following dimensions: 2.0 m width, 2.0 m height and 3.0 m length. Temperature was measured using 24 temperature gauges during the summer of 2016. The reliability of the measured data was verified by comparing the measured air temperature with the ambient air temperature of the Korea Meteorological Administration. Of the measured gauges, four temperature gauges that can be compared with the temperature difference of the Euro code were selected and used to analyze the distribution of the measured temperatures at each point. The reference atmospheric temperature for the selection of the maximum temperature difference was determined by considering the standard error. Maximum and minimum temperatures were calculated from the four selected points and the resulting temperature difference was calculated. The model for the temperature difference in the steel box girder bridge was shown by graphing the temperature difference. Compared to the temperature distribution of the Euro code, the presented temperature difference model showed a temperature difference of $0.9^{\circ}C$ at the top and of $0.3^{\circ}$ to $0.4^{\circ}C$ at the intermediate part. These results suggested that the presented model could be considered relatively similar to the Euro code The calculated standard error coefficient was 2.71 to 2.84 times the standard error and represents a range of values. The proposed temperature difference model may be used to generate basic data for calculating the temperature difference in temperature load design.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.32 no.11C
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• pp.1119-1126
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• 2007

In this paper, we examine the scheme that the CR (Cognitive Radio) user can coexist with primary user with obeying the concept of interference temperature proposed by FCC. Regarding to the capability of classifying the signals of primary user after the spectrum sensing, the interference temperature model can be discriminated by the ideal and generalized ones. And then, about each model, it can optimize the bandwidth and transmit power with satisfying predetermined capacity of CR user. Especially, it has been considered to allocate to CR user not to interfere to primary users for proper coexistence in conventional interference temperature multiple access technique, proposed by T. Clancy, but this paper proposes the scheme that considering QoS of not only primary users, but also CR user. The hill-climbing algorithm is employed to produce the bandwidth and transmit power subject to satisfying the required capacity.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 1989.07a
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• pp.113-114
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• 1989

원자력, 화력발전소, 제철소 등의 다양한 임해 공업시설로부터 방출되는 냉각용 온배수는 연안일대 해수의 열균형을 파괴시켜 생태계의 보존 및 환경관리에 좋지 못한 영향을 야기케 된다. 이러한 영향은 해안 또는 만내의 수중온도를 전반적으로 높일뿐 아니라 가동중단시 갑자기 수온을 떨어뜨려 해양생물상에 피해를 줄수도 있다. 또한 온배수에 의하여 온도가 상승된 해수가 취수구를 통하여 재순환되어 냉각기능의 부진을 초래하게되면 발전효율 또는 기계가동율을 저하시키게 된다. 이러한 측면에서 온배수의 확산에 대한 정성, 정량적인 예측은 환경영향평가, 취.배수구 설계조건의 산정 등에 매우 중요한 문제라 하겠다. 본 연구는 정지수역으로 유입하는 3차원 정상류 표면온배수 해석모형의 개발로서 개발된 모형의 수치실험을 통하여 온배수 확산의 물리적 특성을 규명한다. 지배방정식에 나타나는 Reynolds 응력항($)과 온도유동 프럭스항($)의 해석에서 필요한 난류모델은 k-$\varepsilon$ 모형에 난류 평균자승 온도유동($) 및 그 감쇄방정식을 추가한 4-방정식 모델로서 구성하였다. 아울러 3차원 정상류 모형에서 야기되는 타원형 방정식을 포물형 방정식의 형태로 전환하여 효과적으로 해석할 수 있도록 모델의 특성을 정리하였다. 본 모델의 검증을 위하여 Lal 및 Rajaratnam(1977)의 물리적 실험값과 비교해본 결과 온배수 거동의 물리적현상이 잘 일치하였다. 또한 McGuirk 및 Rodi(1979)에 의해 개발된 2-방정식 k-$\varepsilon$ 난류모형의 해석결과에 대하여 비교분석을 실시하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Simulation Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.142-147
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• 2000

본 연구의 주안점을 실험용 CVD 장치의 CVD 반응기 내에 투입된 기체의 농도와 온도를 즉시 측정하여 새로운 소자 개발 시에 공정모델 수립과 정밀도를 요하는 공정에서 증착량과 속도에 대한 데이터를 구하므로써 효율적인 CVD 장치를 구성하는 것으로서 실험실이나 연구소에서 정확한 CVD 공정모델 실험을 할 수 있게 하여 새로운 소자의 시뮬레이션 모델을 만들 수 있는 효과적인 성장방법의 개발을 통하여 원료기체의 효율적인 사용이 이루어지도록 반응기내에서 가스 및 온도제어 시스템을 개발하였다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.970-981
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• 1991

본 연구에서는 총괄 열 흡수율법과 분할법이 지니고 있는 전열 해석상의 한계 를 보완하고 슬래브 가열로의 전열해석에 실질적으로 적용하기 위하여, 분할법으로 내 내 분위기 온도를 계산하고 이로부터 슬래브의 노내 온도이력을 예측하는 계산모델을 제시하였다. 계산모델의 유용성 확인을 위하여는, Fig.1에 보인 바와 같은 최대 슬 래브 처리량이 235ton/hr인 후판 가열로를 대상으로 하여, 노내 분위기 가스 온도 및 슬래브의 온도이력을 측정하고 이를 계산 결과와 비교하였다. 이와 아울러 연료유량, 슬래브 재로시간(residence time) 및 장입 온도등의 조업조건 변화가 분위기 가스온도 와 슬래브의 온도이력에 미치는 영향을 검토하여 가열로의 효율적 조업을 위한 자료를 제시하였다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.321-328
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• 2017

In this study, vortex tube system model is developed to predict the temperature of the hot and the cold sides. The vortex tube model is developed based on the system identification method, and the model utilized in this work to design the vortex tube is ARX type (Auto-Regressive with eXtra inputs). The derived polynomial model is validated against experimental data to verify the overall model accuracy. It is also shown that the derived model passes the stability test. It is confirmed that the derived model closely mimics the physical behavior of the vortex tube from both the static and dynamic numerical experiments by changing the angles of the low-temperature side throttle valve, clearly showing temperature separation. These results imply that the system identification based modeling can be a promising approach for the prediction of complex physical systems, including the vortex tube.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.387-393
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• 1995

Diffusion coefficients of moisture and solid, reaction rate constants of carotene destruction, and the fitness of drying models for moisture transfer were determined to study the characteristics of mass transfer during osmotic dehydration. Moisture loss and solid gain were increased with increase of temperature and concentration; temperature had higher osmotic effect than concentration. Diffusion coefficient showed similar trend with osmotic effect. Diffusion coefficients of solids were larger than those of moisture because the movement of solid was faster than that of moisture at the high temperature. Reaction rate constants were affected to the greater extent by concentration changes than by temperature changes. Arrhenius equation was applied to determine the effect of temperature on diffusion coefficients and reaction rate constants. Moisture diffusion required high activation energy in $20^{\circ}Brix$, while relatively low in $60^{\circ}Brix$. To predict the diffusion coefficients and reaction rate constants, a model was established by using the optimum functions of temperature and concentration. The model had high $R^2$ value when applied to diffusion coefficients, but low when applied to reaction rate constants. Quadratic drying model was most fittable to express moisture transfer during drying. In conclusion, moisture content of carrots could be predictable during the osmotic dehydration process, and thereby mass transfer characteristics could be determined by predicted moisture content and diffusion coefficient.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.61-70
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• 2011

This study developed a permanent deformation model for asphalt concrete based on shear properties. Repeated load triaxial compression (RLTC), triaxial compressive strength, and indirect tension strength tests were performed for the three types of asphalt mixtures at various loading and temperature conditions to correlate shear properties of asphalt mixtures to rutting performance. For the given mixtures, as testing temperature increased, cohesion decreased, but friction angle was insensitive to temperature at $40^{\circ}C$ or higher. It was observed that deviatoric stress, confining pressure, temperature, and load frequency affected the permanent deformation of asphalt mixtures significantly. The permanent deformation model based on shear stress to strength ratio and loading time was developed using the laboratory test results and calibrated using accelerated pavement test data. The proposed model was able to predict the permanent deformation of the asphalt mixtures in a wide range of loading and temperature conditions with constant model coefficients.