• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.280-290
• /
• 2015

This study was carried out to investigate the change of the quality of wild edible plants, Cirsium setidens Nakai, blanched at various conditions. Samples were blanched under blanching conditions of $90^{\circ}C/25min$, $95^{\circ}C/15min$, and $100^{\circ}C/5min$, with salt concentrations of 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%. The color, texture (hardness), chlorophyll and total polyphenols were analyzed. The contents of polyphenol and hardness in Cirsium setidens Nakai were found to be decreased in relation to blanching time. With respect to sensory evaluation, the 3% treatment had a higher overall acceptability than other treatments. The optimal blanching condition was found to be $100^{\circ}C/5min$ and 3% salt.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.21-29
• /
• 1995

Among the index properties of granite and andesite, the relation between porosity and water content is highly correlated, but specific gravity, porosity and water content have loW relation with P wave velocity and their relationship showed dispersed zone type. With raising the temperature, Brazilian tensile strength was not changed remarkably, but decreased near $100^{\circ}C$. After the strength increased at $150^{\circ}C$, it decreased near $200^{\circ}C$ in granite. In andesite, however, the strength was increased up to $200^{\circ}C$, and then decreased. The variations of P wave velocity at each temperature zone are similar to those of tensile strength.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.234-242
• /
• 1995

The functional responses of the female Cyrtorhinus lividipennis on brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, eggs and their predation behavior were investigated at six temperature conditions; 20, 23, 26, 29, 32, and $35^{\circ}C$. C. lividipennis was found to prefer young BPH eggs, especially 3-day-old eggs the most. The functional responses for female C. lividipennis on BPH eggs fitted the Holling's Type-I true predator-prey Rogers' (1972) model at all temperatures tested except $35^{\circ}C$ at which the negative Th value was produced. With the temperature increased up to 32$^{\circ}C$, the instantaneous attacking rate(a) increased from 0.1923 at $20^{\circ}C$ to 0.5085 at $32^{\circ}C$, while the handling time (Th) was gradually decreased as low as 0.0151 at $32^{\circ}C$. C. lividipenis preferred the BPH eggs laid on the upper part of rice stem when the BPH egg density was high, but there was no significant difference in the preference when the egg density was low. The preference was more obvious in high temperature conditions such as above 29$^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.43-50
• /
• 1999

We have studied the alignment and the lattice quality of hexagonal rings of h-BN films synthesized by ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) method. Boron was e-beam evaporated at 1.5 $\AA$/sec and nitrogen gas was ionized using end-hall type ion gun at 60, 80, and 100 eV, respectively. Substrate was either not heated or heated at 200, 400, 500, and $800^{\circ}C$, respectively. As nitrogen ion energy increases, c-axes of hexagonal rings tend to align parallel to the substrate, which is explained by larger compressive stress at higher ion energies. Alignment of c-axis increases with temperature and shows maximum around $400^{\circ}C$. The lattice quality of hexagonal rings improves with temperature. Such behaviors can be understood from two counter trends of increasing the atomic mobility and decreasing compressive stress with temperature. Hardness of h-BN films shows the same trend with the alignment of c-axis. Ion beam assisted deposition method seems to be effective for aligning hexagonal rings and optimizing h-BN properties.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.22-27
• /
• 2006

This study was carried out to determine the optimum conditions for making soybean curd(or tofu) from defatted soybean flour.. Heating soymilk above $80^{\circ}C$ for at least $5{\sim}10\;min$ was necessary for soybean protein to form aggregates during subsequent coagulation process with glucono-${\delta}$-lactone(GDL). For maximum yield of tofu, with water content of approximately 80%, extra addition of 20 g of oil and 5 g of GDL per 425 g of soybean flour was needed. Maintaining soymilk temperature around $75^{\circ}C$ for 5 min was necessary when GDL was used as the coagulant.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.408-420
• /
• 2015

This study investigated the effect of heat treatment conditions on the quality and antioxidant activities of Korean traditional actinidia (Actinidia arguta) cultivars puree. Heat treatment on actinidia puree was conducted at $70{\sim}90^{\circ}C$ for 1 min to 5 mins, while a control sample of the actinidia puree was prepared without heat treatment. In all the samples, except for the sample treated at $90^{\circ}C$ for 5 mins, pH and Brix degree was not dramatically changed. Pulp content decreased with increasing temperature and time. L and the a value of color increased with increasing temperature and time. However, the b value showed a reverse tendency with L and the a value. Viscosity and gumminess increased as heat temperature and time increased, though cohesiveness was not significantly changed depending on temperature and time. Coliform and yeast were not detected on all samples and the number of aerobic bacteria and mold decreased as temperature and time increased. Vitamin C and total phenolic content of the puree was not changed for 1, 3, and 5 mins at $70^{\circ}C$ and for 1 and 3 mins at $80^{\circ}C$, but significantly decreased with increasing time at $90^{\circ}C$. Furthermore, the antioxidant activities of the puree, such as DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) showed a similar tendency with total phenolic content.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.6 no.10
• /
• pp.986-990
• /
• 1996

본 논문에서는 정속마찰 시험기를 사용하여 공기중에서 핏치/CVI계와 페놀/CVI계 낱소/탄소 복합재료의 마찰특성을 평가하고 상호 비교하였다. 운용조건(마찰거리, 마찰속도, 마찰압력)에 관계없이 페놀/CVI계의 평균 마찰계수가 핏치/CVI계 보다 높은 값을 나타내었다. 마찰거리가 4Km이하 일때는 평균 마찰계수가 불안정한 경향을 나타내고 그 이후에서는 안정한 평균 마찰계수 값을 갖는다. 또한 마찰속도와 마찰압력이 증가할수록 평균 마찰계수는 감소하는 경향을 나타내며, 페놀/CVI계의 평균 마찰계수가 핏치/CVI계 보다 높고 마찰면 온도 상승률과 최대 마찰면 온도도 높다. 마찰계수는 마찰면 온도의 영향을 받으며, 마찰속도와 3kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$이하에서 마찰압력이 커질수록 최대 마찰계수를 갖는 마찰면 온도는 높아진다.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
• /
• v.4 no.S1
• /
• pp.157-161
• /
• 1995

산화규소 증착 시 도입된 염소 기체는 저온부에서 수소기 감소에 효과적이었고, 증악 속도의 증가가 관찰되었다. 고온부에서는 증착속도가 감소하였고 막의 거칠기와 다공성이 증가 하였으며, 막내의 염소 잔존량이 감소함과 동시에 막은 불균일한 양론비를 나타내었다. 계면의 미결합은 모든 온도 범위에서 감소하였지만 염소 첨가량의 증가는 오히려 미결합을 증가 시키는 경향을 나타내었다. 계면의 미결합은 모든 온도 범위에서 감소하였지만 염소 첨가량의 증가는 오히려 미결합을 증가 시키는 경향을 나타내었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
• /
• 2006.05a
• /
• pp.298-300
• /
• 2006

온도에 따른 건조속도의 변화는 온도가 높을수록 건조속도가 급가속화되고, 온도가 낮을수록 완만한 형태를 보임을 알 수 있었다. kW가 증가할수록 항률건조 시간이 줄어들고, 한계함수율에 도달하는 시간이 짧아지는 경향을 나타냈다.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
• /
• v.13 no.3 s.55
• /
• pp.127-134
• /
• 2009

This study investigated their properties of spalling resistance and residual compressive strength after fire test corresponding to various ISO, RABT heating curves, and contents of hybrid organic fiber of high strength concrete. The results were summarized as following. As fundamental characters of concrete with hybrid organic fiber, the flowability was directly declined as the increase of fiber contents, and air contents were decreased or increased a little bit, but there was not big difference. The compressive strength was gradually declined sluggishly at 28 days. As properties of fire resistance, in case of RABT heating curves, compare with ISO heating curves a spalling aspect showed till range that has much contents of hybrid organic fiber, but they are mostly peeling spalling, which means spalling aspect didn't happen to inside. In conclusion, in case of W/B 25% high strength concrete, the spalling was prevented over 0.04% of contents of fiber at ISO heating curve and over 0.10% of contents of fiber at the RABT heating curve. In case of spalling was prevented, mass reduction rate according to the change of heating temperature curves showed around 7% at ISO heating curves and around 9% at RABT heating curves. The residual compressive strength rate corresponding to the change of heating temperature curves showed 50%~60% at ISO heating temperature curves and 30%~35% at RABT heating temperature curves in case of spalling was prevented.