• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.251-261
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• 2003

To measure the GPS position accuracy and its distribution according to the length of the baseline, 30 minutes to 24 hours observations at the fixed location were conducted with two GPS receivers (Ll, 12 channels) on May 29 to June 2, 2002. The GPS data received at the reference station, the rover station and the ordinary times GPS observation station operated by the National Geography Institute in Korea were processed in kinematic and static post-processing methods with a post -processing software. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The number of the satellite that could be observed continuously more than six hours was 16 and most of these satellites were positioned at east-west direction on May 31, 2002. The number of the satellite observed and the geometric dilution of precision (GDOP) determined by the average of every 10 minute for the day were 8 and 3.89, respectively. 2. Both the average GPS positions before and after post-processing were shifted (standalone: 1.17 m, post -processing: 0.43m) to the south and west. The twice distance root mean square (2drms) measured with standalone was 6.65m. The 2drms could be reduced to 33.8% (standard deviation 0=17.2) and 5.3% (0=2.2) of standalone by the kinematic and the static post-processing methods, respectively. 3. The relationship between the length of the baseline x (km) and the 2drms y (m) obtained by the static post-processing method was y=0.00l6x+0.006 $(R^2=0.87)$. In the case of the positioning with the static post-processing method using the GPS receiver, it was found that a positioning within 20cm 2drms was possible when the length of the baseline was less than 100km and the receiving time of the GPS is more than 30 minutes.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.73-82
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• 2023

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of soil physico-chemical properties and crop growth responses for application of biochar derived from substrate with post harvest of oyster mushroom. The biochar was produced at 450~600℃ using a top-light up draft gasifier (TLUD) production system. As a result of elemental analysis, the biochar used was C 76.2%, H 2.5%, N 3.2%, and H/C was 0.39, which met the international certification standards for biocarbons (IBI) below 0.7. The chemical properties were 10.1 for pH, 1.0% for P₂O₅, 1.8% for K₂O, and 2.5% for CaO. The application rates of biochar were 0, 100, 200, 300, and 500 kg/10a. For cultivation of chinese cabbage and welsh onion, soil organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (T-N), total carbon (T-C), Ex.cation K contents and cation exchange capacity (CEC) in the treatments were increased compared to the no treatment. In addition, the bulk density was lowered and the porosity was increased, improving the soil physical properties in the treated soil. The growth of chinese cabbage and green onion increased with the application of biochar, but the yields of chinese cabbage and green onion did not significantly different among the treatments. Soil carbon sequestration in the treatments enhanced with increasing the amount of biochar application. It is expected to apply the biochar derived from spent oyster mushroom substrate in the eco-friendly farm soil management, improving soil physico-chemical properties.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.453-462
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• 2017

Double propensity score adjustment is an analytic solution to address bias due to incomplete matching. However, it is difficult to estimate the standard error of the estimated treatment effect when using double propensity score adjustment. In this study, we propose two bootstrap methods to estimate the standard error. The first is a simple bootstrap method that involves drawing bootstrap samples from the matched sample using the propensity score as well as estimating the standard error from the bootstrapped samples. The second is a complex bootstrap method that draws bootstrap samples first from the original sample and then applies the propensity score matching to each bootstrapped sample. We examined the performances of the two methods using simulations under various scenarios. The estimates of standard error using the complex bootstrap were closer to the empirical standard error than those using the simple bootstrap. The simple bootstrap methods tended to underestimate. In addition, the coverage rates of a 95% confidence interval using the complex bootstrap were closer to the advertised rate of 0.95. We applied the two methods to a real data example and found also that the estimate of the standard error using the simple bootstrap was smaller than that using the complex bootstrap.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.07c
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• pp.2011-2013
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• 2004

본 논문은 그루빙(grooving),타이닝(tinning),텍스쳐(texture) 등의 포장 도로의 표면 상태를 고성능의 레이저 변위센서를 사용하여 정밀하게 측정하고, 측정한 표면 상태를 객관적으로 평가하는 장비 개발에 관한 논문이다. 본 논문에서는 실제 평가 장비 차량을 만들기에 앞서 전체 시스템을 설계하고, 실내에서 차량과 도로의 모사 장비를 만들어 실험하였다. 본 실험에서는 오실로스코프와 DAQ (Data Aquisition) 보드를 사용하였다. LabView로 선호처리 프로그래밍을 하여 컴퓨터 화면에 GUI 형태로 나타내었다. 측정 데이터는 컴퓨터의 저장 공간에 저장하여 후처리를 가능하게 하였다. 또한, 실제 평가 장비 차량에 장착하게 될, GPS(Global Positioning System) 시스템으로 부터 실시간으로 평가 장비 차량의 이동거리 데이터를 얻었다. 실험 결과 차량이 80km/h로 주행할 때 도로 표면 타이닝의 폭과 깊이가 평균 9.67% 오차를 보였으며, 이동거리는 0.03% 이내의 오차를 보여 만족할 만한 결과를 얻었다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.571-574
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• 2003

본 논문은 수평 이동 정보와 회전 정보가 있는 비디오 영상을 Mellin Transform 을 이용하여 이미지를 모자이킹하는 방법을 제안한다. Mellin Transform 후 나타나는 이미지의 이동 정보와 회전정보를 이용하여 각 이미지들을 접합하기 위한 투영 행렬을 계산한다. 그리고 모자이크 생성시 나타날 수 있는 각 이미지간의 오차가 누적되는 현상을 줄이기 위한 전체적인 접합으로 투영 행렬을 추출하여 적용함으로써 누적되는 오차를 줄여 정확한 모자이크를 얻을 수 있다. 지금까지 제안된 모자이킹 기법들은 중복성 계산에 시간이 많이 소모되고 수평이동 시켜 얻어진 영상만을 다루어 이미지가 회전되었을 정확한 모자이크 결과를 얻을 수 없었다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 Mellin Transform에 기반한 투영 행렬을 이용하여 이미지가 이동하거나 회전하였을 경우에도 빠른 시간에 이미지의 중복 정보를 찾아 정확한 모자이크를 생성할 수 있는 방법을 제안한다.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.1-11
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• 2011

This study mainly focused on the method of accurately extracting damage information in the im agery change detection process using the constructed high resolution aerial im agery. Bongwha-gun in Gyungsangbuk-do which had been severely damaged from a localized torrential downpour at the end of July, 2008 was selected as study area. This study utilized aerial im agery having photographing scale of 30cm gray image of pre-disaster and 40cm color image of post-disaster. In order to correct errors from the differences of the image resolution of pre-/post-disaster and time series, the prelim inary phase of image processing techniques such as normalizing, contrast enhancement and equalizing were applied to reduce errors. The extent of the damage was calculated using one to one comparison of the intensity of each pixel of pre-/post-disaster im aged. In this step, threshold values which facilitate to extract the extent that damage investigator wants were applied by setting difference values of the intensity of pixel of pre-/post-disaster. The accuracy of optimal image processing and the result of threshold values were verified using the error matrix. The results of the study enabled the early exaction of the extents of the damages using the aerial imagery with identical characteristics. It was also possible to apply to various damage items for imagery change detection in case of utilizing multi-band im agery. Furthermore, more quantitative estimation of the dam ages would be possible with the use of numerous GIS layers such as land cover and cadastral maps.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.153-165
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• 2010

Large-Scale Particle Image Velocimetry (LSPIV) is an extension of particle image velocimetry (PIV) for measurement of flows spanning large areas in laboratory or field conditions. LSPIV is composed of six elements - seeding, illumination, recording, image transformation, image processing, postprocessing - based on PIV. Possible error elements at each step of Mobile LSPIV (MLSPIV), which is a mobile version of LSPIV, in field applications are identified and summarized the effect of the errors which were quantified in the previous studies. The total number of elemental errors is 27, and five error sources were evaluated previously, seven elemental errors are not effective to the current MLSPIV system. Among 15 elemental errors, four errors - sampling time, image resolution, tracer, and wind - are investigated through an experiment at a laboratory to figure out how those errors affect to velocity calculation. The analysis to figure out the effect of the number of images used for image processing on the velocity calculation error shows that if over 50 images or more are used, the error due to it goes below 1 %. The effect of the image resolution on velocity calculation was investigated through various image resolution using digital camera. Low resolution image set made 3 % of velocity calculation error comparing with high resolution image set as a reference. For the effect of tracers and wind, the wind effect on tracer is decreasing remarkably with increasing the flume bulk velocity. To minimize the velocity evaluation error due to wind, tracers with high specific gravity is favorable.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2001.10b
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• pp.397-399
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• 2001

레이저를 이용한 마킹(marking) 시스템은 미러(mirror)를 움직이는 XY Scanner안 모터의 Thermal drift로 인한 오차와 laser 오류에 의해 마킹의 불량을 초래하게 된다. 따라서, 이 마킹 불량을 검사하기 위해 마킹 시스템에는 비젼(Vision)을 이용한 검사 장비가 탑재된다. 현재 웨이퍼 마킹기나 다른 마킹기의 비젼시스템은 후검사(post vision) 시스템을 도입하고 있다. 하지만, 후검사 시스템의 경우 마킹이 잘못되었을 때, 바로 마킹을 중지하지 못하고 적어도 한 단위 마킹(tray, 웨이퍼, Strip, PCB 등등)을 망치게 되고, 만일 마킹 대상물이 고가인 경우 상당한 금액의 손실을 가져오는 단점을 가지고 있다. 이러한 단절을 보완하기 위해 본 논문에서는 CPVS(Concurrent Processing Vision System)라는 시스템을 구현하였다. 이 시스템은 마킹과 마킹 품질검사를 동시에 병행함으로써 마킹이 잘못되었을 때 마킹을 중단하게 되어 더 이상의 손실이 나지 않게 하고 후처리 검사 시스템으로의 이송과정을 생략함으로써 processing time을 줄이고, 생산성을 높인다는 장점을 가지게 된다. 이 시스템의 구현은 Visual C++의 MFC 라이브러리를 사용한 MDI구조로 구현하였다.

• 전자공학회논문지 IE
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.15-19
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• 2007

A study to have read does an improvement of an error restoration technology based on the edge direction interpolation that a stop image cared for inside frame correction more than with an image restoration way of a transfer error or with an aim. A way proposed to is based on edge direction detection method of a block utilizing the edge direction which will adjust a part damaged a sweater to a remaining part here. The rest of error pixel used non linear Midian filter for process later data information by the final stage and did interpolation. The examination result shows a good recuperation tendency and low accounts time of a way proposed to realization possibility of a real time image processing.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.242-243
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• 2018

무선 통신기술이 발전함에 따라 위치기반 서비스에 대한 관심 또한 증가하고 있다. 그 중 저전력 블루투스 기술을 사용한 비콘(Beacon)은 실내 위치인식이 불가능한 GPS와 달리 실내에서도 측위가 가능하여 사용성이 주목 받고 있다. 그러나 비콘으로부터 수신되는 RSSI(Received Signal Strength Indication) 값은 여러 환경요소로부터 영향을 받기 때문에 RSSI값을 기반으로 한 거리측정이 실제거리와의 오차가 크게 나타난다. 이에 따른 문제를 해결하기 위한 기존의 연구들이 존재하지만 평균적으로 10m이하의 거리에서 2m의 오차를 나타내고 있다. 본 연구에서는 RSSI의 오차를 줄이기 위해 확장 칼만 필터와 신호 안정화 필터를 사용하여 Raw Data를 전처리 한 후 산출된 Cleaned Data를 기반으로 각 거리단위에 최적화된 ANN(Artificial Neural Network)모델을 생성하여 거리를 측정하는 기법을 제안한다.