• 분석과학
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.290-300
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• 2006

세계적으로 음용수 공급을 위한 정수 공정에는 여러 가지 방법이 쓰이고 있다. 그 중 염소는 값이 싸고 비교적 사용하기 쉬우며 미생물 제거 효과가 좋아 가장 많이 사용되는 소독제이다. 그러나 소독과정 중에 독성을 가지는 소독부산물을 생성시키는 문제가 있다. 대표적인 소독부산물에는 트리할로메탄같은 휘발성 물질과 유기염소산같은 비휘발성 물질이 있고, 최근 새로이 3-chloro-4-dichloromethyl-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX)라는 물질이 대두되고 있다. MX는 음용수 중 총 변이원성의 20-50%에 해당하는 강력한 변이원성을 가지는 물질이다. 이에 WHO에서는 MX를 유해물질로 선정하였으나 분석적 어려움과 독성 자료의 부족으로 인해 아직 정확한 기준치가 설정되지는 않았다. MX는 음용수 중에 21.9-30.3 ng/L 수준의 미량이 존재하였으므로 좀 더 효율적인 분석방법이 요구된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 전처리 방법의 개선을 위해 액체-액체 추출방법과 고체상 추출방법을 사용하여 그 추출효율이 더 좋은, 고체상 추출방법을 채택하였다. 이미 여러 국가에서 MX의 분포를 조사한 바 있으나 국내에서는 MX의 분포 조사가 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 국내의 각 정수장별 MX 함량과 수계별 MX 함량을 조사하여 국내의 MX 분포 실태를 파악하고자 하였다. MX의 생성패턴을 알고자 염소투입량, 정수장으로부터의 거리, 계절 수온 및 여러 수질조건에 따라 MX생성과의 상관관계를 확인해 본 결과 MX의 생성은 염소투입량과 계절, 수온의 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 MX의 최적 소독방법을 마련하기 위한 기초 연구로서 오존이나 입상활성탄(GAC)을 사용하는 고도처리수에서의 MX 함량을 측정하였다. 본 연구 결과 MX의 생성은 염소 투입량과 계절, 수온의 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났고, 오존 처리한 고도처리수에서의 MX 생성이 최소화되는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권10호
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• pp.1528-1534
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• 2010

건강웰빙식품의 하나로서 수요가 증가하고 있는 새싹채소는 미생물학적 관점에서 안전성 확보방안이 요구되고 있다. 따라서 새싹채소의 병원성 미생물을 제거하기 위해 적무종자의 발아 전 침지동안 종자 소독처리에 따른 미생물 제어 효과와 발아율을 평가하였다. L. monocytogenes ATCC 19111가 3~4 log CFU/g의 농도로 접종된 적무 종자는 20,000 ppm calcium hypochlorite, 50 ppm과 100 ppm 염소수, 오존수, 전해산화수 및 전해환원수로 처리하였으며, 증류수에 침지시킨 종자를 대조군과 비교하였다. 발아율은 각 처리군에 대해 48시간 동안 조사하였다. 일반세균과 L. monocytogenes 모두 20,000 ppm calcium hypochlorite에 침지 후 3 logs 이상의 가장 큰 감소효과를 보였고, 염소수, 전해산화수와 전해환원수 침지 후 일반세균과 L. monocytogenes 수는 각각 3 logs와 2 logs 감소되었으며, 염소수와 오존수를 제외하고는 온도변화에 따른 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 종자 발아 후 일반세균 수는 모든 처리군에서, L. monocytogenes 수는 염소수 50 ppm과 오존수를 제외한 모든 처리군에서 대조군보다 유의하게 낮았으며, 염소수 100 ppm을 제외하고는 온도변화에 따른 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 발아율은 48시간 후 calcium hypochlorite(82.3~84.8%)를 제외하고 다른 모든 소독제 처리 시 93.5~97.7%로 나타났으며 대조군과 유의한 차이가 없었다. 이 연구에서 사용된 소독제 처리가 적무 종자에 접종된 L. monocytogenes를 완전히 사멸시키지는 못했지만, 발아 동안 재배수의 소독처리가 추가 병행된다면 생존한 균의 급속한 성장을 지연시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.57-63
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• 1997

This study was carried out to find the adverse health effects of ozone by papers, the potential indoor sources of ozone by papers, and then the removal mechanism of ozone by experiments. The exposure of individuals to excessive levels of ozone both in the industrial and ambient environment is a continuing public health concern. Ozone indoors may play a role in generating secondary pollutants that may have adverse health effects. The removal efficiency of ozone was studied by (1) the effect of concentration on breakthrough time, (2) the effect of flow rate on breakthrough time, (3) the effect of adsorbent's weight on breakthrough time, (4) the effect of temperature on breakthrough time, (5) the application of Langmuir's isotherm equation in using activated carbon. The followings are the conclusions that were derived from this study. 1. In the effect of concentration on breakthrough time, the adsorption capacity of activated carbon was inversely proportional to ozone concentratuion (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 ppm). 2. In the effect of flow rate on breakthrough time, the service life of activated carbon was inversely proportional to flow rate (2, 8, 14l/min). 3. The difference in removal efficiency of ozone between weights(100 mg and 150 mg) was seen. And when weight of activated carbon was 100 mg and 150 mg, pressure loss was 4-5mmHg and 6-7mmHg, respectively. It is required to study relations among flow rate and adsorbent's weight and ventilation quantity, too. 4. Generally, Langmuir's equation, one of the oldest and most used frequently isotherm equation, applies to chemisorption. In case of ozone, when the weight of activated carbon was 70 mg and temperature 40, slope(1/a) was $6.25\times 10^{-1}$ and intercept(1/ab) was $1.9\times 10^{-4}$ (average r=0.94).

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.75-80
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• 2002

In this study, the initial number of bacteria before ozone sterilizing shows 290 per $1m{\ell}$ in RUN 1 and RUN 2 equally, but the removal rate shows more than 50% in RUN 1, and 100% in RUN 2 respectively when ozone injection amount is $0.28mg/{\ell}$. It is regarded as a satisfactory result that E-coli concentration without ozone contact is 890, rapid removal effect of E-coli is observed in $0.28mg/{\ell}$ of ozone, and E-coli is removed perfectly in $0.84mg/{\ell}$ of ozone. It is thought that an excellent efficiency is obtained for vibrio alginolyticus because the initial number of bacteria before ozone contact is positive, but it is altered to negative after ozone contact. CODcr shows the tendency which is somewhat reduced as the ozone injection is increased, but the general effect is appeared not so much, and it is thought that the tendency is caused by the reason that sea water contains much salt which is estimated as a component of CODcr, therefore it is regarded that ozone contact has not an important effect on salinity. It is thought that the frequency of changing salt water in the fish preserve of a sliced raw fish restaurant can be reduced to under the standard because NTU of 7 days after sea water injection is 0.70 in the experiment of turbidity, hut more than 50% of turbidity removal efficiency is appeared at $0.28mg/{\ell}$ of ozone injection, and it shows 70% at $0.84mg/{\ell}$ of ozone injection in RUN 1 and RUN 2 commonly.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.237-247
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• 2012

This study assessed the removal characteristics of taste and odor causing compounds (2-methylisoborneol and geosmin) and organic matters, using a pilot-scale ozone/granular activated carbon ($O_{3}$/GAC) process treating surface water of Pal-dang reservoir in the Han river over a 3-month period. Experiments were conducted to verify the removal efficiency of $O_{3}$/GAC process which has two different empty bed contact time (EBCT) ($O_{3}$/GAC column 1 : 10 min and 2 : 15.1 min) with 10.86 min contact time of ozonation at 1.0 mg/L $O_{3}$. Spiking test using geosmin and 2-MIB was also conducted systematically to mimic the conditions when the algae appears, specifically at the levels similar to the concentrations experienced (geosmin: 250 ng/L) in the winter of 2011. In single ozonation process, organic materials, disinfection by-products (DBPs) and their precursors were disassembled but not removed completely. Meanwhile, it was verified that organic matters, taste and odor causing compounds, and DBPs were well removed when sequentially passing through the GAC process. The pilot results also showed that GAC column with larger EBCT achieved higher removal efficiency. Specifically, in spiking tests, single $O_{3}$ process showed approximately 89% removal efficiency of geosmin and 2-MIB. $O_{3}$/GAC combined process demonstrated excellent removal of geosmin and 2-MIB, which are higher than 95%.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.81-86
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• 2004

본 연구는 유지관리비가 적게 소요되고 관리가 용이한 에너지절감형 축산뇨오수 처리기술을 개발하기 위하여 목편 살수여상과 활성오니를 정화기술하는 처리기술을 연구하였다. 1. 스크레파 축사의 축산뇨오수 처리를 위한 목편칩 살수여상 활성오니 연계 시스템을 개발하였다. 처리공정은 축산뇨오수 원수$\to$스크린$\to$목편칩 살수여상$\to$활성오니$\to$침전/오존처리 공정으로 처리하였다. 2. 처리결과 축산뇨오수 원수의 BOD 8,620mg/$\iota$ 에서 최종처리수의 BOD는 58mg/$\iota$로 처리되었다. 또한 COD_{Mn},은 원수 4,290mg/$\iota$에서 232mg/$\iota$, SS 2,228mg/$\iota$에서 49.5mg/$\iota$, T-N 4,223mg/$\iota$에서 395mg/$\iota$, T-P 97.4mg/$\iota$에서 8.0mg/$\iota$로 처리되었다. 3. SS는 목편살수여상조에서 $71.1\%$가 제거되어 활성오니 처리 대비 슬러지 발생량이 $70\%$ 절감되었다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.5-10
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• 2007

본 연구는 도시하수와 응집, 오존처리, UV와 같은 물리화학적 방법으로 처리된 하수 속에 함유되어 있는 비 규제 유기오염물의 GC/MS를 통한 정성적 분석결과를 나타내었다. 하수 속에 함유된 주요 유기오염물질로는 식품 또는 가정, 공업적 사용으로부터 배출된 물질이 주류를 이루었다. 하수처리장의 생물학적 공정으로부터 몇몇 유기오염물질들의 처리효율은 효과적이었지만 일부의 유기오염물질의 제거는 그리 효과적이지 못하였다. 그러므로 생물학적 방법으로 처리가 효과적이지 못한 물질들의 처리를 위한 고도처리방법의 적용과 가정에서의 이러한 물질이 함유된 제품의 사용에 좀 더 적극적인 조절이 필요 할 것이다. 본 연구에서 얻은 결과는 하천유역에서 이들 오염물질의 특성 및 생태계에 대한 오염물질의 배출 평가에 기여를 할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2017

In this study, ozone oxidation experiment was carried out for the removal of fluorescent whitening agent which is widely used in textile dyeing and paper industry. The stilbene fluorescent whitening agent has been industrialized since the earliest, and the amount of current production is the highest. Due to the characteristics of the fluorescent whitening agent that can not be removed by conventional wastewater treatment methods, the fluorescent whitening agent in wastewater treatment has difficulty in using as recycled water in the process. Pre-treatment ozone oxidation experiment was conducted prior to the introduction of Membrane Bio Reactor(MBR) treatment process by converting biodegradable materials into biodegradable materials. The removal efficiencies of fluorescent whitening agents, a diaminostilbenedisulfonic acid derivative by ozone oxidation were evaluated by $UV_{254}$ Scan, $COD_{Mn}$, T-N and color using a synthetic wastewater sample ($COD_{Mn}=433.0mg/{\ell}$) and paper and paper mill wastewater ($COD_{Mn}=157.2mg/{\ell}$).

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.725-731
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• 2010

This study was to evaluate the ozone oxidation of dissolved Fe, Mn, $SO{_4}^{2-}$ ions and color in abandoned mining drainage by conducting a bench-scale operation at various reaction times in an ozone reactor. The influent was collected from an abandoned mine drainage (AMD) near the J Mine in Jungsungun, Kangwon Province. The ozone reactor was operated at ozone reaction times of 10, 20 and 30 min with ozone doses of 0.0 and $2.4g\;O_3/hr$. Samples from each effluent from subsequent sand filtration were regularly collected and analyzed for pH, Fe, Mn, Al, Cr, Hg, $SO{_4}^{2-}$, alkalinity, color, ORP, TDS and EC. The effluent concentrations of Fe and Mn from the sand filter were less than 0.1 mg/L, which were below the concentrations on Korean drinking water quality standards (Fe, Mn < 0.30 mg/L). The influent $SO{_4}^{2-}$, concentrations were not noticeably changed during this ozone oxidation. Cr and Hg in the raw wastewater from the abandoned mining drainage were not detected in this study. The experimental result shows that the ozone oxidation of dissolved heavy metals and subsequent sand filtration of metal precipitates are desirable alternative for removing heavy metals in AMD.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.367-376
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• 2014

This study assessed the removal efficiency of NOM which is known as the precursors of DBPs in advanced water treatment using the ceramic membrane filtration, introduced the first in the nation at the Y water treatment plant (WTP). It is generally well-known that the removal of NOM by MF Membrane is very low in water treatment process. But, the result of investigation on removal efficiency of NOM in advanced water treatment using the ceramic membrane was different as follows. The removal rate of organic contaminant by the ceramic membrane advanced water treatment was determined to be 65.5% for the DOC, 85.8% for UV254, and 77 to 86% for DBPFP. The removal rate of pre-ozonation was found to be 6 to 15% more effective compared with the pre-chlorination. The removal rate of DOC and $UV_{254}$ in biological activated carbon(BAC) process was over 50% and 75%, respectively although the rate was decreased 10 ~ 20% according to analysis items in converting from GAC to BAC.