• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.10 no.1 s.47
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• pp.17-23
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• 2006

The research on strong ground motions became important recently due to more severe requirement of seismic design for the domestic buildings and structures. The empirical Green's function method, which uses similarities between small and large earthquakes, was applied to make synthetic ground motions. That method was applied to the 2 earthquakes which occurred sequently in time within narrow area in Japan. The strong ground motions for the virtual earthquake (magnitude 6.5) were synthesized using those observed from the magnitude 4.7 earthquake. Then, the synthesized ground motions (acceleration, velocity, and displacement) were compared to those observed from real earthquake (magnitude 6.5). The results showed that the general shapes of waveforms in time domain and the Fourier spectrum In frequency domain from synthesized ground motions (acceleration, velocity, and displacement) are similar to the observed strong ground motions within acceptable degree. The peak values of 3 kinds of synthesized strong ground motions in time domain are comparable between the synthesized and the real strong ground motions, especially only about 9% difference in acceleration peak value.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.67-76
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• 2023

PURPOSE: The study compared the satisfaction of the exercise program in a face-to-face and non-face-to-face manner with the same exercise program. METHODS: This study was conducted through convenience sampling for 57 seniors over 65 years of age. After conducting 30 minutes of the same exercise program face-to-face on the first visit and non-face-to-face on the second visit, a satisfaction survey was conducted. The survey data were processed statistically using SPSS 26.0 (SPSS Inc, IBM, USA). An independent t-test was used to compare the type of exercise program. The Spearman's Rank Correlation was conducted to correlate the satisfaction between cognitive function and education level. RESULTS: The overall satisfaction with the face-to-face program was higher than the non-face-to-face exercise programs. All three satisfaction items in face-to-face exercise programs were higher than in non-face-to-face exercise programs (p < .05). The main source of dissatisfaction in the case of face-to-face exercise programs was having a good relationship with people for face-to-face and a 'lack of communication' in the case of non-face-to-face. CONCLUSION: The elderly showed higher satisfaction in face-to-face exercise than in non-face-to-face exercise. This study is significant in that accurate satisfaction comparison was possible by conducting the same exercise program on the same subject for a relatively short time, and through this, the development of an exercise program was suggested.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.261-275
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to analyze the conceptual understanding of carbon neutrality among secondary school science pre-service teachers, as well as to identify gaze patterns in visual materials. For this study, gaze tracking data of 20 pre-service secondary school science teachers were analyzed. Through this, the levels of conceptual understanding of carbon neutrality were categorized for the participants, and differences in gaze patterns were analyzed based on the degree of conceptual understanding of carbon neutrality. The research findings are as follows. First, as a result of performing modeling activities to predict carbon emissions and removals until 2100 using the concept of '2050 carbon neutrality,' 50% of the participants held a conception that carbon emissions would continue to increase. Additionally, 25% of the participants did not properly understand the causal relationship between net carbon dioxide emissions and cumulative concentrations. Second, the gaze movements of the participants regarding visual materials related to carbon neutrality were significantly influenced by the information presented in the text area, and in the case of graphs, the focus was mainly on the data area. Moreover, when visual data with the same function and category were arranged, participants showed the most interest in materials explaining concepts or visual data placed on the left side. This implies a preference for specific positions or orders. Participants with lower levels of conceptual understanding and inadequate grasp of causal relationships among elements exhibited notably reduced concentration and overall gaze flow. These findings suggest that conceptual understanding of carbon neutrality including climate change and natural disaster significantly influences interest in and engagement with visual materials.

• Journal of the Korea Knowledge Information Technology Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.351-357
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• 2018

This study is on the elderly people's use and experience of a wearable device. By using wearable device, the elderly can monitor their health data at real time. As a result, their motivation for health care, exercise, and so on can improve and enhance. Across the globe, population aging becomes one of the most important problems in each nation. The social and economic burden from aging is one of most serious challenges to sustainability of the world and its economy, including South Korea. Information Communication Technology including wearable device can help the elderly health care improve. In 2016, the number of wearable devices is more than 19 million. Many of them are the devices related to health data monitoring. In the experiment, the authors measure real time health data from the subjects' wearable devices. In the first experiment day, subjects' average waist size was 36.29 inches. In the final experiment day, 31st day later from start of the experiment, the average waist size was 35.51 inches. At the beginning of the experiment, standard deviation was 1.93. At the final day of the experiment, it was 2.24. In regression analysis, when experiment day extends, average waist size seems to decrease. The trend is significant (t=2.719, p<0.05). That result may mean the subjects' motivation for health care improve. Wearable device can increase the elderly people's motivation for health care and exercise. As a result, their health can improve.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.796-803
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• 2008

Mutations in the APP gene lead to enhanced cleavage by ${\beta}-$ and ${\gamma}-secretase$, and increased $A{\beta}$ formation, which are closely associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like neuropathological changes. Recent studies have shown that exercise training can ameliorate pathogenic phenotypes ($A{\beta}-42$, BDNF, GLUT-1 and HSP70) in experimental models of Alzheimer's disease. Here, we have used NSE/APPsw transgenic mice to investigate directly whether exercise training ameliorates pathogenic phenotypes within Alzheimer's brains. Sixteen weeks of exercise training resulted in a reduction of $A{\beta}-42$ peptides and also facilitated improvement of cognitive function. Furthermore, GLUT -1 and BDNF proteins produced by exercise training may protect brain neurons by inducing the concomitant expression of genes that encode proteins (HSP-70) which suppress stress induced neuron cell damages from APPsw transgenic mice. Thus, the improved cognitive function by exercise training may be mechanistically linked to a reduction of $A{\beta}-42$ peptides, possibly via activation of BDNF, GLUT-1, and HSP-70 proteins. On the basis of the evidences presented in this study, exercise training may represent a practical therapeutic management strategy for human subjects suffering from Alzheimer's disease.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.870-885
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• 2010

The purposes of this study are to examine what the participants experienced when developing Content Representation (CoRe) of "molecular motion" for the 7th grade in collaboration with experienced chemistry-trained teacher and non-chemistry-trained teacher and to investigate how the participants' PCK changed in their classes after developing CoRe. The participants were one experienced chemistry-trained teacher, two physics-trained teachers, and one researcher. The participants were selected by purposeful sampling. For this study, the discussions on developing CoRe was recorded and two physics-trained participants' classes were video-taped, and constructed/semiconstructed interviews were conducted. All data were transcribed for analysis. The participants experienced reflective thinking of their knowledge and previous classes, corrected their own misconception and clarified those conception, recognized the contents and the goals of "molecular motion" class, enhanced understanding of students' preconception during the development of CoRe. Especially, the two physics-trained teacher-participants confessed that they recognized clearly the contents and the goals of "molecular motion" class and identified their deficiency in 'particle viewpoint' in their previous classes. Their recognition was realized in the course of interaction with experienced chemistry-trained teacher. Among the components of PCK, knowledge of science curriculum was most influent on two physics-trained teacher-participants' classes, and they emphasized 'particle viewpoint' and 'molecular motion' in their classes. In addition, they introduced new teaching strategies that were discussed in the course of developing CoRe. The influence on the participants' PCK was different according to their reflective thinking on their own knowledge and previous classes and their affective characteristic. The implication of this study is that, the course of developing CoRe can promote reflective thinking that is essential for increasing teachers' professionalism and significantly influence on PCK. Especially, developing CoRe in collaboration with experienced chemistry-trained teacher and non-chemistry-trained teacher can identify deficiency in their classes and thereby, improve their classes. And, it takes time and effort to internalize the participant's recognition in their teaching practice.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.373-383
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to identify menopausal resilience in middle-aged women. The data were collected from 227 middle-aged women who participated in friendship and religious activities in the Jeonbuk province. The data were collected through self-report questionnaires, which were constructed to Self-efficacy, family support, social support, menopausal adaptation, resilience. Data were analyzed using frequencies, means, $X^2$_Test, pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 23. Regular exercise(${\beta}=-.15$, p<.01), self-efficacy(${\beta}=.29$, p=<.001), social support(${\beta}=.29$, p=<.001), menopausal Adaptation(${\beta}=.17$, p<.01) were influencing factors and these variables showed an explanatory power of 35.3% (F=18.65, p<.001). Therefore, it is suggested that middle-aged women in menopause can plan to overcome the menopausal crisis positively through nursing interventions that include self-efficacy and social support.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.31-44
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• 1997

One class of grade 7 was chosen as a control group, and the other as an experimental group. The control group watched only a film of motion in weightless situation, but the experimental group had a contrastive discussion before watching the film. In pretest, pupils were given contrasted views between the pre-Galilean and post-Galilean about falling and horizontal motion of bodies, and asked to choose one from two points of view and to write the reason why they choose it. After the pretest, control group students watched the same film as the experimental group did. On the falling problem, the control group ignored the contents of the film or regarded related contents as not related contents. However, through the contrastive discussion, experimental group pupils reconstructed their past vague ideas and noticed the cause of falling which was not perceived by the control group. On the horizontal motion, some in the control group agreed with post-Galilean view points after watching the film. Some of the pupils in the experimental group agreed with the post-Galilean viewpoint after performing the contrastive discussion. However, most of them agreed after watching the film. So we can conclude that the contrastive discussion which helped students to reconstruct their ideas made the difference between the two groups.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.287-297
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• 2004

In this study, students' understanding of the analogies used for chemical concepts in science textbooks, misconceptions induced by the analogy, and the factors affecting conceptual understanding were investigated. In addition to the tests of field independency and logical thinking ability, tests of students' understanding of concepts and analogies on three states of matter, pressure-volume relation, molecular motion, and changing state depending upon energy were administered. The results revealed that half of the subjects understood the analogies differently from the textbook writers' intention and that students' conceptual understanding was significantly correlated with the degree of understanding on corresponding analogies, field independency, logical thinking ability, and prior achievement of science. The results of analyzing the direct and indirect effects of each variable on conceptual understanding showed that the direct effect of prior achievement was significant and that field independency and logical thinking ability had indirect effects through understanding of analogies and prior achievement of science. The limitations and implications of using analogies in science education were discussed on the basis of the results.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.1887-1895
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• 2013

In this study, physical experiments were performed in a two-dimensional wave flume to investigate the hydraulic and structural performance of a SFT model. The experiments were made by generating regular waves of different heights and periods under various conditions of buoyancy to weight ratio (BWR) and water depth as well. Through the analysis of the experimental data, it was clarified that the sway and heave motions of the tunnel body linearly increased with wave height and period. In contrast, the roll motion was rather insignificant unless wave height and period were comparatively large as the design wave. Similarly proportional relationship with respect to wave height and period was obtained in case of the maximum tensile force acting on the tension legs and the wave loads on the tunnel body. Regarding the change of water depth or BWR conditions, generally decreasing trend was obtained according to increase of water depth but decrease of BWR for both of the magnitudes of structural behaviors or wave loadings on the SFT structure.