• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.62-73
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• 2004

The current status and problems of UST management in gas stations were reviewed, and suggestions were made for possible improvement of UST management. Regulations and programs relevant through the whole life cycle of the UST, such as construction, installation, operation, and disclosure are insufficient to prevent oil release. The UST requirements are less stringent compared to those of the U.S. and EU members. Current soil test does not seem to be practically effective in detecting soil contamination caused by oil release. The potential for subsurface contamination due to oil release from the UST is estimated from available data other than soil test results. Much higher following future directions and suggestions are made to improve current unsatisfactory UST management: Firstly, increasing the UST requirements - establishing more stringent standards for new UST facilities, and adding new regulatory requirements for existing UST facilities; secondly, replacing current soil test with the tank and piping tests; thirdly, reinforcing programs for supervising the tank construction and installation; fourthly, constructing a system in which independent gas stations can properly manage the USTs; and lastly, educating UST owners and operators, and constructing DB of UST facilities.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.536-539
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• 2003

This study area has been contaminated by oils. To identify contaminated ranges and to assess the possibility of contamination dispersion, monitoring wells were installed and slug test, field soil permeability test, automatic or manual measurement of groundwater table, and groundwater quality analyses in field and laboratory were performed. In addition, a groundwater modeling program was used to assess the possibility of oil contamination dispersion, based on field data and groundwater quality data. The results showed that concentration of oil contaminants in groundwater have been decreased by dispersion and adsorption.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2018.06a
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• pp.100-101
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• 2018

• Journal of the Korean Society of Groundwater Environment
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.37-49
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• 1996

The objectives of this study are to investigate the groundwater and surface water contamination, to interpret the attenuation mechanism of contaminant transport, and to find the appropriate contamination indicator. at the two big landfill sites : Nanjido Landfill and Hwasung Landfill. Leachate from the Nanjido, th, Hwasung and the Kimpo waste disposal sites is characterized by high temperature (31.7-40.1$^{\circ}C$), high electric conductivity (14,650-32,800 ${\mu}$S/cm), somewhat higher pH(7.58-8.45) and low Eh (-119.4-20.4 mV), and is enriched in both major (Na$^{＋}$, K$^{＋}$, Ca$^{2＋}$, Mg$^{2＋}$, HC $O_3$$^{－}$, Cl$^{－}$) and minor (Mn, Sr$^{2＋}$, Ba$^{2＋}$, Li$^{＋}$, F$^{－}$, Br$^{－}$) ions. Municipal solid waste leachate and industrial waste leachate are effectively discriminated by the content of S $O_4$$^{2－}$, Fe, and heavy metals. The attenuation mechanism of each component was assessed using the chemical analysis. Cl-normalizing process, WATEQ4F simulation, and preceding flownet analysis. Based on the calculation of Contamination Factor, K, Na, Ca, Mg, B, Zn, HC $O_3$, Cl, F, Br and TOC are effective contamination indicators in the Nanjido landfill site, and K, Na, Ca, Mg, B, S $O_4$, HC $O_3$, Cl, F, Br and TOC in the Habsburg landfill site Particularly, TOC is the best contamination indicator in landfill sites influenced by sea water.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.72-78
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• 2009

Exposure to HDI(hexamethylene di-isocyanate) commonly used in vehicle crash repair workshops remains a leading cause of occupational asthma. Although skin and eye contamination are considered as absorption routes, there are no occupational exposure standards for skin and ocular exposure. This is the reason why there are more empirical data should be provided. Therefore this study was to determine contamination levels of HDI on the skin, eyes, work surfaces, respirators and eye protectors. There was evidence of contamination on a variety of work surfaces, for example, door handles, bench top and spray gun, etc. A high proportion(47~80%) of skin wipe samples from neck, forehead, back hand, palm and wrist was positive for HDI contamination, even though spray time was relatively brief. The contamination levels from spraying inside spray booth were generally higher than outside booth due to poor work practices and inappropriate personal protective use like safety gloves. Apprentices had higher exposure levels than the qualified painters, likely due to lack of the recognition of safety and hygiene. The extent of contamination inside the PPE might provide an indication of the potential for respiratory & skin exposure and ocular exposure. Eye fluid samples from 4 out of 14 workers had the positive detection of HDI contamination, due to poor work practices like no or inappropriate eye protection. Considering the potential for dermal & ocular exposure to contribute to possible health symptoms including respiratory sensitization, the empirical data point to a need for improving work practices and appropriate PPE selection, use and maintenance.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2008

A Korean urban contamination model METRO-K (${\underline{M}}odel$ for ${\underline{E}}stimates$ the ${\underline{T}}ransient$ Behavior of ${\underline{R}}adi{\underline{O}}active$ Materials in the ${\underline{K}}orean$ Urban Environment, which is capable of calculating the exposure doses resulting from radioactive contamination in an urban environment, is taking part in a model testing program EMRAS (${\underline{E}}nvironmental$ ${\underline{M}}odelling$ for ${\underline{RA}}diation$ ${\underline{S}}afety$) oragnized by the IAEA (${\underline{I}}nternational$ ${\underline{A}}tomic$ ${\underline{E}}nergy$ ${\underline{A}}gency$). For radioactive contamination scenarios of Pripyat districts and a hypothetical RDD (${\underline{R}}adiological$ ${\underline{D}}ispersal$ ${\underline{D}}evice$), the predicted results using METRO-K were submitted to the EMRAS's Urban Contamination Working Group. In this paper, the predicted results for the contamination scenarios of a Pripyat district were shown in case of both without remediation measures and with ones. Comparing with the predictied results of the models that have taken part in EMRAS program, a feasibility for decision-making support of METRO-K was investigated. As a predicted result of METRO-K, to take immediately remediation measures following a radioactive contamination, if possible, might be one of the best ways to reduce exposure dose. It was found that the discrepancies of predicted results among the models are resulted from 1) modeling approaches and applied parameter values, 2) exposure pathways which are considered in models, 3) assumptions of assessor such as contamination surfaces which might affect to an exposure receptor and their sizes, 4) parameter values which are related with remediation measures applied through literature survey. It was indentified that a Korean urban contamination model METRO-K is a useful tool for dicision-making support through the participation of EMRAS program.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.447-453
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• 2004

The prevalence of Toxocara canis eggs in the public places in the city of Gwangju were studied through examination of 800 soil and 123 fecal specimens. Toxocara canis eggs were found in 15% of soil samples. In 25% parks and 17% residential quarters, these eggs were detected with higher contamination rate than other places. The soil contamination rate of playgrounds in spring and autumn was higher than that of summer and winter, and the variation range of the rate was high in parks and residential quarters. The contamination rate of eggs in 123 samples of dogs' feces was 31%, it was higher than that of soil samples(21%).

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.37-44
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• 2011

This paper was development of surface contamination automatic smear sampling for measuring radioactive contamination in radiation controlled area of nuclear facility. In indirect method a smear paper are used manually. Activity on the smear paper is affected by varying the pressures applied, by the smearing time, by the difference of ares sampled during smearing. By means of these there are erroneous. In the future the apparatus will be developed as a portable apparatus measuring smear activity automatically by adding radiation detection instrument.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.27-38
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• 2000

We hydrogeologically studied a mountainous area and its vulnerability to groundwater contamination. Groundwater flow and recharge occur mainly through a network of fractures in this areaTransmissivity and storativity obtained from slug, slug interference, and pumping tests range from 3.2$\times$10$^{-3}$ to 2.0$\times$10$^{-2}$$m^2$/min and 1.3$\times$10$^{-7}$ to 9.15$\times$10$^{-4}$, respectively. The groundwater was contaminated bylivestock activities in the upgradient. The groundwater in the downgradient residential area wasthreatened by the upgradient livestock activities.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.133-145
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• 2020

Soil in mine waste-rock fields, and at the pithead, sediments and farmlands around an abandoned mine in the Chungcheong Province of South Korea were investigated to assess the distribution of metallic elements and to understand the scope of the pollution. Reddening was observed from the mine up to a distance of 61 m. Losses of waste rock around the mine were assessed over a section of 1800 ㎥. Yellowish precipitates on the bottom of a stream were identified as ferrihydrite and goethite. For anions, a mean sulfate ion level over 773.6 mg/L was found during August in the river water samples. Mine drainage at the site was shown to have a pH of 4.9 and a sulfate concentration of 1557.8 mg/L during the August rainy season. A possible cause of the metallic element contamination in the mine is waste-rock loss, because mine waste-rock is located on the slope in this area. In conclusion, the total soil area to be treated, based on the amount that exceeded the recommended Korean soil pollution levels, was assessed to be 10,297 ㎡.