• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the performance of crossbreed Korean native ducks for production of Korean native commercial ducks which are adapted to Korean environment. A total of four hundred eighty ducklings (1-d-old) of crossbreds from A and B lines (derived from National Institute of Animal Science) were used in this work and divided into 8 treatments (4 replicates/group, 15 birds/replicate) with $4{\times}2$ factors (4 groups, AA, AB, BB, BA; 2 genders, male and female). Ducks were fed diets based on corn-soybean meal for 0 to 3 wk (22.0% [CP], 2,904 kcal/kg [ME]) and 3 to 8 wk (18.0% [CP], 3,002 kcal/kg [ME]). Body weight of AA group was higher than BB and BA groups (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference on body weight at 8 wk old. Body weight gain of AB group was the highest among groups (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference on body weight gain among crossbreds at 0~3, 3~8 and 0~8 wk old. On body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio, male was higher than female at the age of 3 and 8 wk old (P<0.05, P<0.01). There was no significant difference on uniformity and livability. However, production index of male was higher than that of female (P<0.01). These results may provide the basic data on growing performance and productivity of crossbreed Korean native ducks for the production of commercial Korean native duck.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.476-483
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• 2005

This experiment was planned to develop a functional supplement by food resources to prevent and lessen the deleterious effects caused by environmental pollutants such as polluted food, air, water and heavy metals. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of peking-duck extracts supplemented with six kinds of medicinal herbs (DJ) on the intoxication of lead and mercury in rats. Sprague-Dawley rat weighing $150g\pm15g$ g, were randomly assigned to 5 groups, basal diet only (NCG), heavy metal without DJ injection (HCG), heavy metals and DJ (3 mg/mL) injection (HMLD), heavy metal and DJ (30 mg/mL) injection (HMMD), heavy metal and D] (300 mg/mL) injection (HMHD). Mecury (Hg) and lead (Pb) injected at the level of 50 ppm for 17 days. Also DJ oral feeding was continued for 31 days. The result of this study were as follows; Food intake and body weight gain in heavy metal administered groups were lower than those of control group (NCG). The activities of GOT, GPT and BUN level were significantly reduced in DJ-treated groups as compared to HCG. DJ was shown to suppress the accumulation of Hg and Pb in serum. The results suggest that DJ might have protective effect on Hg and Pb intoxication.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.147-156
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• 2010

This study was conducted from April, 2002 to March 2006, using three urban streams(Gap Stream, Yudeung Stream and Daejeon Stream) in Daejeon Metropolitan City. 12,027 individual birds summed by the peak count in 126 species, 34 families, and 13 orders were observed from three stream sites. Dominant species were of Anas poecilorhyncha, Anas crecca, Columba livia, Passer montanus, and Egretta garzetta(in that order). The groups of birds were classified into six types. The most frequent group were the arbor birds(54 species), while the smallest group was the diving ducks(7 species). As for the number of individuals, the shrub bird group had 721 individuals while the dabbling ducks observed had 4,974 individuals. Regarding the distribution of birds appeareing in each stream, 14,885 individual numbers in 114 species were observed at Gap Stream, 6,642 individuals in 90 species at Yudeung Stream and 4,202 individuals in 69 species at Daejeon Stream. Various indices of the birds were analyzed with respects to the similarities between streams. Gap Stream had similar characteristics to Yudeung Stream, and the latter was similar to Daejeon Stream. However, Gap Stream and Daejeon Stream showed different characteristics. The dominance index of each section was calculated using ten dominant bird species top-down. Subsequently, the birds and their preferred environment were analyzed. The results showed that shrub birds and arbor birds preferred the upper stream of every stream, while herons and dabbling ducks inhabited the midstream. Dabbling ducks and some diving ducks appeared downstream.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.644-651
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• 2015

To enhance the consumption of horse meat, its nutritional composition was analyzed and compared to that of white meat (i.e., chicken and duck), which consumers consider healthy. Horse meat samples used in the experiment were classified by breed and grade as follows: Jeju horse (grade $1^+$ and 1), Jeju crossbred horse (grade 1 and 2), Thoroughbred (no grade), and cuts (loin, chuck roll, and arm picnic). In an analysis of general components and cholesterol, the horse meat was confirmed as a low-fat, high-protein, and low-cholesterol food material. In an amino acid analysis, horse meat contained a higher proportion of essential amino acids than white meat. The fatty acid compositions were also analyzed. The content of linolenic acid, an essential fatty acid, was significantly higher in all horse meat groups than in Ross chicken and Pekin duck meat. The content of palmitoleic acid showed similar results. In a mineral analysis, the levels of Fe and Zn in horse meat were higher than those of white meat. The mineral content was as follows except for the leg of shite meat: K > P > Na > Mg > Ca > Zn > Fe.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.96-102
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• 2013

The possibility of instrumental differentiation of duck breast meat treated with different processing and storage conditions was investigated for industrial application. Duck breast meats, which were 1) refrigerated (fresh) after slaughter, 2) fresh but applied the torching process for the removal of remaining feathers (fresh-torched), and 3) frozen and thawed (frozen-thawed), were prepared and the torrymeter value and other quality factors were assessed. The torrymeter values of both duck breast meat and skin showed the lowest in frozen-thawed sample during the whole storage period. The drip loss of frozen-thawed sample was higher than those of fresh or fresh-torched ones. The number of total aerobic bacteria was lower in fresh-torched than fresh but both were not different from frozen-thawed at day 1 while no difference found thereafter. Sensory score of frozen-thawed sample was the lowest. The correlation analysis among the torrymeter value and quality factors of duck breast meat revealed that the torrymeter value is closely related with the total aerobic bacterial number, lipid oxidation, drip loss, and storage period but not with color. The results indicate that once the duck breast meat was frozen then thawed, drip loss and sensory quality can be affected and the torrymeter value can differentiate frozen-thawed from fresh and freshtorched duck breast meat.

• 축산식품과학과 산업
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.65-72
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• 2022

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.10
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• pp.1519-1526
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• 2014

This study investigated the biological activities and effects of Korean Zingiber mioga R. (flower buds and rhizome) on memory. The general composition, minerals, anti-oxidative activities, and AChE inhibitory effects were analyzed, and NORT (Novel object recognition test) and Y-Maze test in vivo were performed. The general contents (moisture, crude fat, crude protein, and crude ash; wet basis) of ZB (flower buds) were 91.96%, 0.15%, 1.99%, and 11.90%, respectively. The general contents (moisture, crude fat, crude protein, and crude ash; wet basis) of ZR (rhizome) were 75.21%, 0.53%, 2.20%, and 9.50%, respectively. The macro mineral contents (Ca, P, Na, and K) of ZB were 31.70 mg%, 15.20 mg%, 8.20 mg%, and 258.60 mg%, respectively. Inhibitory effects (IC50 value) of DPPH and ABTS radicals were higher with ZBD (flower buds water extract) than with ZBE (flower buds EtOH extract), ZRD (rhizome water extract) or ZRE (rhizome EtOH extract). AChE inhibitory effect of ZBD was higher and that of ZRD. NORT and Y-Maze test were performed with scopolamine-induced mice treated with ZBD and ZBE. In NORT, effects of ZBD and ZBE were similar to that of donepezil. In the Y-maze test, performances of ZBD and ZBE-treated mice were similar to that of the normal group. These results suggest that Korean Zingiber mioga R. has potential to be developed into a new functional food for cognition enhancement in the global food market.

• Korean Journal of Ornithology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.87-93
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• 2018

In order to investigate the changes in the population of Spot-billed ducks due to changes in reclaimed land, we conducted a monthly survey from January 2008 to December 2014 at the Shihwa Lake. The average number of Spot-billed ducks was 12,204 individuals. The average population was decreased. The yearly index of fluctuation (Fi) was the highest at 2.16 in 2010. TRIM(TRends and Indices for Monitoring data) showed a steep decline in winter and a moderate decrease tendency in autumn and spring. However, in the summer season, it showed an moderate increasing tendency. The main habitat were Northland reclaimed land, agricultural land and wetland area, Tando waterway, Shihwa artificial wetland in upstream. The correlation between the number of Spot-billed ducks and the temperature was negatively correlated in spring, summer, autumn. However, winter was showed positive correlation. Therefore, it affects the community of Spot-billed ducks due to environmental changes of reclaimed land. In future, effective management is needed to prepare alternative habitat based on basic data like this study for the conservation and management of Spot-billed ducks during reclamation construction.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.171-177
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• 2005

Two experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of level and feeding period of dietary Monascus culture on the performance and cholesterol content of serum and meat in broilers and growing ducks.0.0(C), 0.5(T1), 1.0(T2) and $1.5\%(T3)$ of iwonascus culture which contained 0.5% monacolin-k was added to commercial broiler diets, respectively, and ffd during 2~6 weeks of age in Experiment 1. In Experilnent 2, commercial broiler diet added $1.0\%$ of Monascus culture was fed during $6\~6(C),\;4\~6(T1),\;2\~6(T2)\;and\;0\~6(T3)$ weeks of age, respectively. Three replicates of 16 day-old broilers and 10 day-old growing ducks each were randomly assigned to floor pen, respectively. In Experiment 1, as the level of dietary Monascus culture increased, body weight and feed intake of broilers significantly decreased (P<0.05), whereas those of growing ducks tended to increase without significant differences among treatments. Feed/gain ratio both in broilers and growing ducks showed a trend to increase. Cholesterol contents of serum both in broilers and growing ducks significantly decreased(P<0.05), and those of breast and thigh meat tended to decrease as the level of dietary Monascus culture increased. In Experiment 2, as the feeding period of dietary Monascus culture increased, body weight gain(P<0.05) and feed intake of broilers tended to decrease whereas those of growing ducks increased without significant differences anions treatments. Feed/gain ratio also increased without significant differences. Cholesterol contents of serum both in broilers and growing ducks significantly decreased(P<0.05), and those of breast and thigh meat tended to decrease as the feeding period of dietary Monascus culture increased without significant differences.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.158-167
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• 1994

The various weathering products derived from andesitic rocks in the Guweol mountain area of Pusan have been studied in order to investigate the occurrence, characteristics and evolutional trend of clay minerals in the weathered rock and soil using mainly X-ray powder diffraction method. Kaolinite and halloysite are very abundant in the weathered rocks and soils derived from andesitic rocks of this area. Also, $12{\AA}$- and $14{\AA}$-minerals occur in the considerable amount. $12{\AA}$-minerals have been identified as mica/vermiculite interlayer minerals showing the $25{\AA}$ basal reflection. Their crystal sizes are relatively big showing more than 10 micron in diameter. Two types of $14{\AA}$-mineral, which are vermiculite/smectite interlayer mineral and Al-vermiculite, have been observed. Kaolin minerais consist of kaolinite, $10{\AA}$ and $7{\AA}$ halloysite. Kaolinite relatively dominates in the strongly weathered soil of the area. In contrast with kaolinite. $12{\AA}$- and $14{\AA}$-minerals such as vermiculite/smectite and mica/vermiculite interlayer minerals tend to occur in the weakly to intermediately weathered products. Based on their occurrences, it strongly suggests that they are intermediate products in the course of the weathering process from the parent materials into the kaolin mineral.