• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.30 no.8B
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• pp.514-524
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• 2005

In optical burst switching(OBS) networks, the ingress edge router assembles packets in the same class queue into the appropriate size of burst. A burst control packet(BCP) is generated for channel reservation of corresponding data burst and sent earlier than the corresponding data burst with an offset time. Offset time is determined considering the number of hops from source to destination and the required quality of service(QoS). After offset time, the burst data is passed through tile pre-configured optical switches without any O/E/O conversion. But a failure in OBS networks may lead to the loss of bursts until the ingress nodes receive the failure indication signal. This results in a significant degradation in QoS. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a fault-tolerant node architecture based on sub-carrier multiplexing to reduce the effects of failure in OBS networks. The Performance of the proposed fault-tolerant node architecture exhibits considerable improvement as compared with the previous ones.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.50-60
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• 2017

Purposes: The purpose of this study was to identify the preferred types of the hospital reservation cancellation management to help reduce the reservation cancellations. Methodology: This study sampled 327 outpatients or their guardians who had reserved a university hospital and a general hospital located in the southwestern part of Seoul, and the responses from 300 of them were used for the final analysis. The subjects' preferences of reservation cancellation management types were analyzed in reference to their demographic variables. The timing and frequency of pre-notification preferred by the subjects were examined. A multidimensional scaling methods and correspondence analysis was used to identify preference for management methods of no-show and type of reservation guide. Findings: As a result, 77.3% of the respondents were perceived that the reservation cancellation was a habit. The most preferred method of managing the reservation cancellation would be refusal to refund the reservation deposit (61.7%), followed by payment for cancellation (16.0%), limit of future reservations (16.0%) and penalty (6.3%) in their order. 186 of the subjects (62.0%) preferred the texting for prevention of reservation cancellations, and 102 of the subjects (34.0%) preferred the phone calls. The preferred timing and frequency of the SMS were twice 3 days before, once a day before and three times 7 days before, while the preferred timing and frequency of phone call was once a day before. Practical Implications: The no-show rate can be improved by enhancing SMS pre-notification and by improving afterwards telephone counseling. For other factors, it needs to study on the service differentiation with the characteristics of each patient group.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2020.05a
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• pp.56-59
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• 2020

최근 초저지연, 초고속, 초연결 네트워크를 요구하는 기술들이 급속하게 발전하고 있다. 기존 4G 네트워크는 위 요구사항을 만족할 수 없었기 때문에 5G 네트워크가 등장했다. 5G 네트워크는 네트워크 가상화 기반 네트워크 슬라이싱을 통해 각각의 서비스 마다 독립적인 네트워크 환경을 제공한다. 그러나 네트워크에 참여하는 서비스가 다양해질수록 트래픽 부하가 폭발적으로 증가할 것으로 예상되며 트래픽 부하에 따른 병목현상이 발생할 가능성이 여전히 존재한다. 본 논문에서는 인공 신경망 알고리즘 RNN을 활용하여 트래픽을 예측하고 예측 결과를 기반으로 네트워크 슬라이스의 자원을 선제적으로 조절하는 기계학습 기반 네트워크 슬라이싱 자원 예약 기법을 제안한다.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.477-492
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• 1997

본 연구에서는 한국어 대화체에 사용되는 담화표지와 부 대화의 유형을 분석하였다. 한국어 대화체에 사용되는 각종 담화표지에 대한 기존의 언어학적 연구를 정리하였고, 실제 한국어 대화자료를 녹취, 전사하여 연구에 필요한 데이터를 만들었으며, 이 데이터를 분석하여 한국어 대화체에서 관찰되는 부 대화의 유형을 분류하고자 하였다. 또한 각 부 대화와 담화표지들간의 관계를 규명하려는 시도를 하였다. 이것은 인간과 컴퓨터간의 특정 목적 대화를 구현하는 데도 중요한 역할을 한다. 특히 인간과 컴퓨터가 예약, 상담 등 특정 목적을 달성하기 위한 대화를 수행할 수 있는 프로그램을 구축하는 데 있어서, 인간이 실제로 사용하는 담화표지 및 의사소동 책략 등을 반영할 수 있게 해줄 것이다. 담화분석 연구자들이 실제 대화 자료를 분석하여 한국어 대화체의 기저에 흐르는 대화의 메카니즘을 다방면에서 종합적으로 정리하면 그 결과를 토대로 전산학 연구자들이 한층 바람직한 한국어 대화인지 모형을 만들어낼 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.143-166
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• 2012

This paper deals in depth with airline over-booking practices and legal questions therefrom in the light of public interests. Chapter I as an introduction gives clear ideas of what are the over-booking, fact-revealing current state of denied boarding and nature of the problems inherent but veiled in those practices. In Chapter II, it is reviewed whether legal instruments for DBC(Denied Boarding Compensation) are adequately equipped for airline passengers in R. O. K. Upon the results of the review that international law to which Korea is a party, domestic law and administrative preparedness for the DBC are either null or virtually ineffective, the Chapter by contrast illustrates how well the U. S. and the E. U. safeguard civil rights of their passengers from such an 'institutionalized fraud' as the over-booking. In Chapter III on which a main emphasis lies, it is examined whether the over-booking practice constitutes a criminal offense: Fraud. In section 1, the author identifies actus reus and mens rea required for fraud then compares those with every aspect of the over-booking. In conjunction with the structural element analysis, he reviews the Supreme Court's precedents that lead the section into a partial conclusion that the act of over-booking judicially constitutes a crime of fraud. Despite the fulfillment of drawing up an intended answer, the author furthers the topic in section 2 by arguing a dominant view from Korean academia taking opposite stance to the Supreme Court. The commentators assert, "To consummate a crime of fraud, there must be property damage of the victim." For this notion correlates with a debate on legally protected interest in criminalization of fraud, the section 2 shows an argument over 'Rechtgut' matters specific to fraud. The view claims that the Rechtgut comes down rather to 'right to property' than 'transactional integrity' or 'fair and equitable principles'. However, the section concludes that the later values shall be deemed as 'freedom in economic decision-making' which are the benefit and protection of the penal law about fraud. Section 3 demonstrates the self-contradiction of the view as it is proved by a conceptual analysis that the infringement on freedom in economic decision-making boils down to the 'property damage'. Such a notion is better grounded in section 4 by foreign court decisions and legislation in its favour. Therefore, this paper concludes that the airline's act of over-booking is very likely to constitute fraud in both theory and practice.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2002.11c
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• pp.1907-1910
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• 2002

최근 들어 활발히 보급되고 있는 이동 통신은 편리하고 신속한 서비스로 폭발적인 가입자 수의 증가를 보이고 있다. 서비스 면에서도 기존의 음성 및 저속 데이터 서비스에서 다양한 종류의 데이터, 즉 멀티미디어 데이터 서비스로 성장한 것이다. 본 논문에서 개발한 모바일 GIS 엔진은 사용자 위치를 기반으로 한 응용인 서비스 예약 등의 부가 서비스, 위치 기반의 광고 서비스, 위치를 기반으로 한 상거래에 활용하기 위해서 개발되었다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.250-260
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• 1993

Packet Reservation Multiple Access(PRMA) protocol provides a very efficient mechanism for many number of voice and data terminals with bursty traffic characteristics to share efficiently a common transmission channel. This protocol, however, cannot operate in high load conditions. That is, there occurs a instability problem, since the reservation channel is allowed to shrink to zero. In this paper, a more stable PRMA protocol which can avoid such problems and integrates voice and data traffic efficiently is proposed. Also, the performance of the proposed protocol is analyzed by a computer simulation. According to the simulation results, it can be shown that the proposed protocol provides a more efficient mechanism for voice/data integration and ensures a more stable operation than conventional PRMA protocol in high load conditions.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.1409-1412
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 다중 공유 링크를 가진 스위치를 위한 세션 연결 설정 시 이를 어떤 링크에 할당할 것인지를 결정하는 경험적 세션할당 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안 알고리즘은 새로운 세션이 소속된 서비스 클래스의 각 링크에 할당된 세션들의 예측된 지연들 중 가장 작은 예측 지연을 가진 링크에게 그 세션을 할당한다. 다른 세션할당 알고리즘에 비해 제안 알고리즘은 부클래스들의 예측지연 특성을 직접적으로 활용함으로써, 서비스 클래스들에게 사전에 예약된 대역폭을 제공하고, 동일한 서비스 클래스에 속한 세션들에게는 서로 다른 공유 링크를 통해 전송되어도 가능한 비슷한 지연을 제공한다는 것을 모의실험을 통해 확인했다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.17 no.6 s.109
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• pp.562-573
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• 2006

It is required to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio(PAPR) in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system or a multicarrier system. And it is needed to eliminate the transmission of the side information in the Partial Transmit Sequences. So, in this paper, a new technique is proposed, where the subcarriers used for the multiple signal representation are only utilized for the reduction of PAPR to eliminate the burden of transmitting the side information. That is, it is proposed by taking the modified minimization criteria of partial transmit sequences scheme instead of using the convex optimization or the fast algorithm of tone reservation(TR) technique As the result of simulation, the PAPR reduction capability of the proposed method is improved by 3.2 dB dB, 3.4 dB, 3.6 dB with M=2, 4, 8(M is the number of partition in the so-called partial transmit reduction sequences(PTRS)), when the iteration number of fast algorithm of TR is 10 and the data rate loss is 5 %. But it is degraded in the capability of PAPR reduction by 3.4 dB, 3.1 dB, 2.2 dB, comparing to the TR when the data rate loss is 20 %. Therefore, the proposed method is outperformed the TR technique with respect to the complexity and PAPR reduction capability when M=2.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.181-192
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• 2021

This study surveyed visitors' perceptions of Mudeungsan National Park's Seoseokdae Trail Section (STS) on the visitor reservation system (VRS). Data were collected from 248 visitors to STS selected through convenient sampling in May 2019. The majority (86.9%) of the respondents rated their overall experience in STS as either "no problem at all" or "little problem". Moreover, 43.0% of the respondents were aware of the VRS. The most popular information source for VRS was the Internet (49.7%), followed by other people (18.4%) and broadcasting media, e.g., TV (17.7%). While 69.9% of the respondents thought that implementation of VRS would be effective in improving managerial conditions of the STS, respondents perceived that "cumbersome reservation procedures" (79.3%) of the VRS operation was the most important problem, followed by "unfairness associated with Internet familiarity gap" (78.7%) and "deprivation of the opportunities to visit freely" (76.3%). The support for VRS implementation was higher among higher-aged, married, higher-educated, more frequent STS visitors, Gwangju residents, and solo visitors than the other groups. The "knowledge level about VRS" and "the awareness level about potential problems associated with VRS operation" negatively influenced the support for the implementation of VRS, while "the perceived managerial effectiveness of VRS" positively influenced it.