• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.50-64
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• 2022

This thesis is a study on the woodblock of Donguibogam by Jeolla Gamyeong(Wanyoung Woodblock). It was registered as a tangible cultural property in Jeollabuk-do in 2005. The purpose of this article is to determine the current status and value of the Donguibogam Wanyoung Woodblock. Jeonju Hyanggyo's Wanyoung Woodblock was used to print books in Gamyeong, Jeolla Province. Currently, ten kinds of woodblocks are preserved. In 1987, a wooden bookshelf was installed and preserved in "Jangpangak" of Jeonju Hyanggyo. It is now preserved and managed at Chonbuk National University Museum. Among the ten woodblocks, the Wanyoung woodblock of Donguibogam is presumed to be a woodblock of a book printed by Jeolla Gamyeong in 1814. The value of Donguibogam has long been recognized domestically and internationally. Donguibogam, compiled in 1610, was first published in 1613 in the wood type of Gaeju Gapinja. Following its publication, its value was recognized not only in Joseon but also in China and Japan. In 2009, the first edition of Donguibogam was registered as a UNESCO World Heritage. Accordingly, Donguibogam has been recognized for various aspects, but little research has been conducted on the woodblocks that printed Donguibogam. Therefore, this paper analyzes the current status of the Wanyoung woodblock of Donguibogam, aiming to enhance its meaning and value. King Seonjo presented the ideals of public health care and preventive medicine when compiling Donguibogam, which was distributed according to his instructions. For this reason, the first edition of Donguibogam was registered as a UNESCO World Heritage. It can be said that the production of Donguibogam woodblocks was an important tool in realizing Joseon's ideals through national dissemination. Furthermore, the woodblock of Donguibogam represents the spirit of thinking about the people, going beyond the purpose of printing, and it was meaningful in the spread of medical knowledge among the people. In this article, I will examine the overall contents of the Wanyoung woodblock of Donguibogam to enhance its meaning and value. The results show that the Wanyoung woodblock of Donguibogam is meaningful in that it is almost the only one produced and stored by Gamyeong. Moreover, Wanyoung woodblocks are meaningful in that perfect editions could be preserved and disseminated for a long time, unlike other wood-type prints.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.25-32
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• 2021

In line with future changes in the marine environment, Aids to Navigation has been used in various fields and their use is increasing. The term "Aids to Navigation" means an aid to navigation prescribed by Ordinance of the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries which shows navigating ships the position and direction of the ships, position of obstacles, etc. through lights, shapes, colors, sound, radio waves, etc. Also now the use of Aids to Navigation is transforming into a means of identifying and recording the marine weather environment by mounting various sensors and cameras. However, Aids to Navigation are mainly lost due to collisions with ships, and in particular, safety accidents occur because of poor observation visibility due to sea fog. The inflow of sea fog poses risks to ports and sea transportation, and it is not easy to predict sea fog because of the large difference in the possibility of occurrence depending on time and region. In addition, it is difficult to manage individually due to the features of Aids to Navigation distributed throughout the sea. To solve this problem, this paper aims to identify the marine weather environment by estimating sea fog level approximately with images taken by cameras mounted on Aids to Navigation and to resolve safety accidents caused by weather. Instead of optical and temperature sensors that are difficult to install and expensive to measure sea fog level, sea fog level is measured through the use of general images of cameras mounted on Aids to Navigation. Furthermore, as a prior study for real-time sea fog level estimation in various seas, the sea fog level criteria are presented using the Haze Model and Dark Channel Prior. A specific threshold value is set in the image through Dark Channel Prior(DCP), and based on this, the number of pixels without sea fog is found in the entire image to estimate the sea fog level. Experimental results demonstrate the possibility of estimating the sea fog level using synthetic haze image dataset and real haze image dataset.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2023

When carrying out development projects around Ardeidae breeding habitats, we intend to devise a plan for sustainable coexistence by presenting measures to select and reduce key evaluation items so that conflicts can be prevented in advance at the environmental impact assessment stage. The results of the study are as follows. The main evaluation items are animal and plant items for preservation of Ardeidae breeding habitats and odor and noise items that can evaluate the effects of odors and noise in Ardeidae breeding habitats. First, the scope of the survey in animals and plants categories is not limited to legal guardian species, but includes egrets breeding and feeding grounds corresponding to major species breeding grounds and migratory birds, and preservation measures are established according to the reduction of the area of breeding and feeding grounds. Second, in the odor category, the irradiation period includes the period when the odor generation is the highest from the end of June to the end of July. The odor evaluation standard is based on the complex odor discharge standard, which is a concentration regulation, and the odor concentration felt by humans shall be 2 to 5OU/m³ and the frequency shall be 2% or less. Third, in the noise category, the timing of the survey is measured every month from May to August, including when the sound of egrets and young birds is combined to maximize noise generation. Since the noise of Ardeidae, a bird in summer, occurs only for a certain period of time, measures are taken to reduce noise by securing separation distances, securing buffer green areas, and installing construction rather than installing artificial structures such as soundproof walls. In order for existing Ardeidae breeding sites to maintain an appropriate density of populations and not move populations elsewhere, it is necessary to manage nesting tree and maintain stable habitat quantity and quality.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.35-53
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of the first part of this study was to evaluate the validity of the physical activity classification table for youth (Youth-PACT). The second part of this study was aimed at comparing the estimated energy requirement (EER) with the total energy expenditure (TEE) and evaluating the physical activity patterns of Korean children and adolescents. Methods: The subjects of the first part of the study were 17 children aged 10 to 12 years, and their total energy expenditure (TEE_DLW) was measured using the double labeled water (DLW) method. A total of 166 children and adolescents aged 6-18 years participated in the second part of this study. Their resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured using indirect calorimetry and the TEE_Youth-PACT and physical activity level were calculated by applying the Youth-PACT to the physical activity diary prepared by the subjects. Results: In the first part of this study, there were no significant differences between the TEE_DLW and the TEE_Youth-PACT. The TEE_Youth-PACT accurately predicted TEE_DLW in 37.5% of the subjects. In the second part of the study, the rates at which EER accurately predicted TEE _YouthPACT and overestimated TEE _Youth-PACT were 29.6% and 47.3%, respectively. The time spent based on intensity of physical activity and the physical activity categories which were obtained using Youth-PACT showed different patterns according to sex and age group. Age showed significant positive correlations with REE, TEE, and the time spent in sedentary behavior, but age was significantly negatively correlated with REE/body weight, TEE/body weight, and the time spent in low-intensity and high-intensity activities. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the Youth-PACT can be used to evaluate the TEE and PAL of children and adolescents. However, further studies are needed to validate the TEE_Youth-PACT and to set the EER for children and adolescents.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.56-63
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• 2023

In this study, two cases of food poisoning caused by Salmonella that occurred in Gyeongsangnam-do in September 2021 are reported. One of the outbreaks occurred in a school and the other in a company. The molecular epidemiological characteristics of the isolated strains in the two outbreaks were analyzed. In the case of the school outbreak, 29 (4.9%) of 588 individuals experienced diarrhea and abdominal pain. As a result of a test of 36 individuals (patients, n=29; cook workers, n=7), Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis was detected in 17 (47.2%) patients, suggesting this serotype was the principal cause. Meanwhile, Salmonella spp. were not detected in 35 food and environmental samples. In the company outbreak, 87 (3.0%) of 2,900 individuals who had intaked from the same source experienced diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever. In a test of 50 individuals (patients, n=40; cook workers, n=10), S. Enteritidis was detected in 28 patients (56.0%). Also, Vibrio cholerae (NAG) was detected in four patients with S. Enteritidis, and V. cholerae (NAG) only was detected in one patient. Salmonella spp. were not detected in 118 preserved foods, but S. Enteritidis was detected in one eaten food (toast) delivered in group by the company. Through PFGE genetic homology analysis of the isolated strains, all S. Enteritidis detected in patients and consumed foods were the same type. It seems that these S. Enteritidis isolates were the same type as detected in a previous school outbreak and in patients of group food poisoning in other regions, leading to an enhanced problem of food poisoning and epidemiology. Our analytic results can provide data for epidemiological management and food poisoning prevention based on molecular characteristics.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.75-88
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• 2023

The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the demographic characteristics of pediatric dental patients who underwent dental treatment under general anesthesia (DTGA) at the Seoul National University Dental Hospital from January 2011 through December 2020 and compare the patterns of repeated DTGA between dental patients with severe disabilities (DSD) and non-DSD (healthy or medically compromised patients without DSD). There were 1,857 DTGAs among 1,719 patients (mean age = 5.1 years; males = 59.3%; ASA 2 or above = 52.9%; DSD = 26.8%). Overall, 6.6% of patients underwent repeated DTGA, and the rate of repeated DTGA over a 10-year period was 7.4%. ASA 2 or above (p < 0.0001) and DSD (p < 0.0001) were more likely to undergo repeated DRGA compared to ASA 1 and non-DSD. At both GA1 and GA2, DSD received significantly more restorative treatment on permanent teeth than non-DSD (p = 0.002, p < 0.0001, respectively). There has been an increasing demand for DTGA in pediatric dentistry over the last 10 years. Regular check-ups and preventive oral health care are necessary for pediatric dental patients with severe disabilities to reduce the possibility of repeated DTGA.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.489-495
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• 2023

Radiation shielding facilities are constructed in locations where diagnostic radiation generators are installed, with the aim of preventing exposure for patients and radiation workers. The purpose of this study is seek to compare and validate the trend of attenuation thickness of lead, the primary material in these radiation shielding facilities, at different maximum tube voltages by Monte Carlo simulations and measurement. We employed the Monte Carlo N-Particle 6 simulation code. Within this simulation, we set a lead shielding arrangement, where the distance between the source and the lead sheet was set at 100 cm and the field of view was set at 10 × 10 cm². Additionally, we varied the tube voltages to encompass 80, 100, 120, and 140 kVp. We calculated energy spectra for each respective tube voltage and applied them in the simulations. Lead thicknesses corresponding to attenuation rates of 50, 70, 90, and 95% were determined for tube voltages of 80, 100, 120, and 140 kVp. For 80 kVp, the calculated thicknesses for these attenuation rates were 0.03, 0.08, 0.21, and 0.33 mm, respectively. For 100 kVp, the values were 0.05, 0.12, 0.30, and 0.50 mm. Similarly, for 120 kVp, they were 0.06, 0.14, 0.38, and 0.56 mm. Lastly, at 140 kVp, the corresponding thicknesses were 0.08, 0.16, 0.42, and 0.61 mm. Measurements were conducted to validate the calculated lead thicknesses. The radiation generator employed was the GE Healthcare Discovery XR 656, and the dosimeter used was the IBA MagicMax. The experimental results showed that at 80 kVp, the attenuation rates for different thicknesses were 43.56, 70.33, 89.85, and 93.05%, respectively. Similarly, at 100 kVp, the rates were 52.49, 72.26, 86.31, and 92.17%. For 120 kVp, the attenuation rates were 48.26, 71.18, 87.30, and 91.56%. Lastly, at 140 kVp, they were measured 50.45, 68.75, 89.95, and 91.65%. Upon comparing the simulation and experimental results, it was confirmed that the differences between the two values were within an average of approximately 3%. These research findings serve to validate the reliability of Monte Carlo simulations and could be employed as fundamental data for future radiation shielding facility construction.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2023

This study intended to develop a technique for quantitatively and 3-dimensionally predicting the potential failure zone and impulse that may occur when trees are fall down. The main outcomes of this study are as follows. First, this study established the potential failure zone and impulse calculation formula in order to quantitatively calculate the risks generated when trees are fallen down. When estimating the potential failure zone, the calculation was performed by magnifying the height of trees by 1.5 times, reflecting the likelihood of trees falling down and slipping. With regard to the slope of a tree, the range of 360° centered on the root collar was set in the case of trees that grow upright and the range of 180° from the inclined direction was set in the case of trees that grow inclined. The angular momentum was calculated by reflecting the rotational motion from the root collar when the trees fell down, and the impulse was calculated by converting it into the linear momentum. Second, the program to calculate a potential failure zone and impulse was developed using Rhino3D and Grasshopper. This study created the 3-dimensional models of the shapes for topography, buildings, and trees using the Rhino3D, thereby connecting them to Grasshopper to construct the spatial information. The algorithm was programmed using the calculation formula in the stage of risk calculation. This calculation considered the information on the trees' growth such as the height, inclination, and weight of trees and the surrounding environment including adjacent trees, damage targets, and analysis ranges. In the stage of risk inquiry, the calculation results were visualized into a three-dimensional model by summarizing them. For instance, the risk degrees were classified into various colors to efficiently determine the dangerous trees and dangerous areas.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.311-323
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• 2023

In order to reduce disaster damage by localized heavy rains, floods, and urban inundation, it is important to know in advance whether natural disasters occur. Currently, heavy rain watch and heavy rain warning by the criteria of the Korea Meteorological Administration are being issued in Korea. However, since this one criterion is applied to the whole country, we can not clearly recognize heavy rain damage for a specific region in advance. Therefore, in this paper, we tried to reset the current criteria for a special weather report which considers the regional characteristics and to predict the damage caused by rainfall after 1 hour. The study area was selected as Gyeonggi-province, where has more frequent heavy rain damage than other regions. Then, the rainfall inducing disaster or hazard-triggering rainfall was set by utilizing hourly rainfall and heavy rain damage data, considering the local characteristics. The heavy rain damage prediction model was developed by a decision tree model and a random forest model, which are machine learning technique and by rainfall inducing disaster and rainfall data. In addition, long short-term memory and deep neural network models were used for predicting rainfall after 1 hour. The predicted rainfall by a developed prediction model was applied to the trained classification model and we predicted whether the rain damage after 1 hour will be occurred or not and we called this as 1ST-Model. The 1ST-Model can be used for preventing and preparing heavy rain disaster and it is judged to be of great contribution in reducing damage caused by heavy rain.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.209-231
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• 2011

Internet is having strong impact on the consumer's decision making process. Information search has been done actively through internet today. The online reviews can be crucial information cue to evaluate the alternarive products. The online WOM(Word-Of-Mouth) effect depends on the characteristics of information sender, receiver, and WOM. This study is to examine the influence of the online word of mouth on the consumer purchase intention and the moderating role of product involvement, consumer regulatory focus and self-efficacy. Positive customer reviews on the products influence the purchase intention positively and negative customer reviews influence it negatively. Moderating role of involvement in the causal relation between the valence of online reviews and purchase intention is tested. In case of positive WOM, it is predicted that purchase intention for high involvement products is higher than that of low involvement. In case of negative WOM, purchase intention for high involvement product is lower than that of low involvement product. And this study invetigate the moderating role of regulatory focus. In case of positive WOM, it is predicted that promotion focus oriented consumers have higher purchase intention than prevention focus oriented consumers. In case of negative WOM, prediction is that prevention focus oriented consumers have lower purchase intention than promotion focus oriented consumers. Then we examine the moderating role of self efficacy in the causal relation between the valence of online reviews and purchase intention. In case of positive WOM, it is predicted that consumers with low self efficacy have higher purchase intention than consumers with high self efficacy. In case of negative WOM, it is predicted that consumers with low self efficacy have lower purchase intention than consumers with high self efficacy. Emprical results support our prediction and four hypotheses derived from our conceptual framework are all accepted. This study suggest that the level of product involvement, consumer regulatory focus and the level of self-efficacy influence the consumer responses of the valence of online reviews. Therefore marketers need to manage online reviews based on the level of product involvement, regulatory focus orientation and the level of self-efficacy of target consumers.