• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 1998.10c
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• pp.353-357
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• 1998

이 논문은 대용어의 한 유형으로 인정되는 영형 대명사를 식별하기 위한 것이다. 이를 위해서는 한국어 통사 규칙들과 사전 항목들이 필요하다. 사전 항목들은 각각 자질과 값을 갖고, 통사 규칙 내부에는 이런 자질과 값들이 명세된다. 이 통사 규칙들을 토대로 하여, 발화체에 통사 구조들을 부여한다. 영형 대명사는 자질과 값을 명세한 통사 규칙을 씀으로써 식별이 가능하다. 영형 대명사는 주어와 보충어로 나뉘는데, 영형 주어는 동사가 머리인 S의 subj 자질 값이 cov(covert)일 때 식별된다. 영형 보충어는 다시 명사구와 동사구의 covc (covert complement) 자질 값이 0이 아닐 때 식별된다. 이러한 자질과 값으로 영형 대명사를 식별하는 하나의 알고리듬을 제안한다.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.2 no.12
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• pp.873-880
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• 2013

This paper approaches the problem of resolving Korean zero pronouns using Centering Theory modeling local coherence. Centering Theory has been widely used to resolve English pronouns. However, it is much difficult to apply the centering framework for zero pronoun resolution in languages such as Japanese and Korean. Since in particular the use of non-anaphoric zero pronouns without explicit antecedents is not considered in the Centering Theory of Grosz et al., the presence of non-anaphoric cases negatively affects the performance of the resolution system based on Centering Theory. To overcome this, this paper presents a method which determines the intra-sentential anaphoricity of zero pronouns in subject position by using relationships between clauses, and then identifies antecedents of zero subjects. In our experiments, the proposed method outperforms the baseline method relying solely on Centering Theory.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.37 no.12
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• pp.928-935
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• 2010

Identifying the referents of omitted elements in a text is an important task to many natural language processing applications such as machine translation, information extraction and so on. These omitted elements are often called zero anaphors or zero pronouns, and are regarded as one of the most common forms of reference. However, since all zero elements do not refer to explicit objects which occur in the same text, recent work on zero anaphora resolution have attempted to identify the anaphoricity of zero pronouns. This paper focuses on intra-sentential anaphoricity determination of subject zero pronouns that frequently occur in Korean. Unlike previous studies on pair-wise comparisons, this study attempts to determine the intra-sentential anaphoricity of zero pronouns by learning directly the structure of clauses in which either non-anaphoric or inter-sentential subject zero pronouns occur. The proposed method outperforms baseline methods, and anaphoricity determination of zero pronouns will play an important role in resolving zero anaphora.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.990-1002
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• 2005

To generate coherent texts, it is important to produce appropriate pronouns to refer to previously-mentioned things in a discourse. Specifically, we focus on pronominalization by zero pronouns which frequently occur in Korean. This paper investigates zero pronouns in Korean based on the cost-based centering theory, especially focusing on the center transitions of adjacent utterances. In previous centering works, only one type of nominal entity has been considered as the target of pronominalization, even though other entities are frequently pronominalized as zero pronouns. To resolve this problem, and explain the reference phenomena of real texts, four types of nominal entity (Npair, Ninter, Nintra, and Nnon) from centering theory are defined with the concept of inter-, intra-, and pairwise salience. For each entity type, a case study of zero phenomena is performed through analyzing corpus and building a pronominalization model. This study shows that the zero phenomena of entities which have been neglected in previous centering works are explained via the renter transition of the second previous utterance. We also show that in Ninter, Nintra, and Nnon, pronominalization accuracy achieved by complex combination of several types of features is completely or nearly achieved by using the second previous utterance's transition across genres.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.98-101
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• 2011

이 논문은 한-영 대화체 번역 시스템에서 영형 대명사 해소를 위한 새로운 방법론을 제시하였다. 영형 대명사는 문맥, 상황, 세상 지식으로부터 추론될 수 있는 문장에서 생략된 요소이다. 이 논문은 특히 주어-대명사 생략 현상에 대해 다루고 있는데, 그 이유는 드라마 대본이나 인스턴트 메신저 채팅과 같은 한국어 대화체에서는 매우 일반적인 현상이기 때문이다. 이 논문에서 우리는 많은 양의 지식을 요구하지 않는 간단한 방법론을 제시하였다. 평가결과 우리의 방법은 0.79의 F-measure 스코어를 달성하였고, 전체번역률의 측면에서는 약 4.1% 정도의 향상효과가 있었다.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1649-1659
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• 2004

Text Generation is a process of generating comprehensible texts in human languages from some underlying non-linguistic representation of information. Among several sub-processes for text generation to generate coherent texts, this paper concerns referring expression generation which produces different types of expressions to refer to previously-mentioned things in a discourse. Specifically, we focus on pronominalization by zero pronouns which frequently occur in Korean. To build a generation model of referring expressions for Korean, several features are identified based on grammatical information and cost-based centering model, which are applied to various machine learning techniques. We demonstrate that our proposed features are well defined to explain pronominalization, especially pronominalization by zero pronouns in Korean, through 95 texts from three genres - Descriptive texts, News, and Short Aesop's Fables. We also show that our model significantly outperforms previous ones with a 99.9% confidence level by a T-test.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.9-24
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• 2000

This paper analyzes the distribution and classification of unrealized arguments of a predicate often called zero pronouns. in spoken Korean. Based on the transcript of a one-hour-Iong dialogue. recorded from public radio stations. I present the statistical data on argument ellipsis in Korean with respect to the frequency of zero ronouns as well as the nature of their antecedents. I go further to review some of the previous efforts to identify the discourse- theoretic functions of zero-pronouns in the framework of Centering Theory. and propose that the zero-pronouns in spoken Korean be divided into center-insensitive vs. center-sensitive classes. I also point out a couple of language-particular idiosyncrasies found in Korean, such as morpho-syntactic elements and encyclopaedic knowledge. that interact with center management in on-going discourse and often lead to difficulties in applying the centering rules and constraints to Korean.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Language and Information Conference
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• 2002.06a
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• pp.10-38
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• 2002

본고는 한국어 영형 대명사의 적절한 해석을 위해 개념적으로 전혀 새로운 이론을 제안한다. 일련의 다양한 제약들이 서로 연관되어 있음을 보인 후, 그러한 규칙의 다양성을 적절히 포착하기 위해 적절성 이론 (Optimality Theory)을 도입할 것을 제안하고, 그 토대 위에 다양한 제약들을 형식화한 후, 그 규칙들의 위계관계를 설정한다. 가장 우선순위를 갖는 제약으로 인접 요소간 어휘의미자질들이 일치해야 한다는 어휘의미제약(*Feature Mismatch)과 통사적 결속규칙을 의미론적으로 재해석한 결속원리 B(Principle B)를 선정한다. 그 다음 순위를 갖는 제약으로, 가능한 한 선행명사를 지칭하도록 요구하는 대용존중제약(DOAP: Don't Overlook Anaphoric Possibilities)과, 센터링 이론의 전이방식 개념을 도입하여 정의한 계속선호제약 (CONTINUE)을 제안한다

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.737-746
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• 2006

The elastic buckling strength of a Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic (GFRP) pipe reinforced with ribs was evaluated. The height and thickness of a rib and the spacing between two adjacent ribs were considered as factors affecting the buckling strength of the pipe. And also, the ratio of the longitudinal stiffness and transverse stiffness was considered as the parameter affecting the buckling strength as the GFRP is orthotropic material. Buckling strengths of various GFRP pipe models with different shapes and stiffness ratios were evaluated by FE analyses and a formula to estimate the elastic buckling strength of a rib-reinforced pipe made of orthotropic material was suggested from the regression with the results from the FE analysis. Analytical results show that a rib-reinforced pipe has a buckling strength superior to a general flat pipe and the suggested formula estimates accurate buckling strength of the rib-reinforced pipe.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.259-267
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• 2005

This paper analyzed characteristic of temperature change as well as bottom of tunnel with thermometer according to tunnel length and region during one year. And it measured temperature distribution near tunnel portal. In the paper it was known that tunnel entrance and exit have different characteristic temperature distribution in accordiance with bottom of tunnel per tunnel length. Temperature of tunnel changed from tunnel exit to fifty meter and distribution of tunnel temperature was established uniform regardless of tunnel length. But temperature distribution of tunnel changed in tunnel entrance differ from tunnel exit in the location of one hundred twenty five meter and one hundred fifty meter. Cold air inflowed from tunnel entrance have influenced with the location of one hundred twenty five meter and one hundred fifty meter.