• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.603-620
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• 2015

The National Pension of Korea is a public social security system designed to alleviate social risks and poverty that has had a major impact on the quality of life for the aging population. However, a rapidly aging population and low fertility threaten the sustainability of national pension in Korea. The National Pension Research Institute publishes a nancial projection every ve years; consequently, the government has lowered the entitlements for the sustainability of national pension based on the projection results. The current reform of the pension system that arbitrarily reduces the entitlements might detract from the income security role of the national pension for pensioners without accounting for the highest elderly poverty rate in the OECD countries. We first discuss methods for the financial projection of the national pension in terms of population, subscribers, and pensioner projections in order to estimate the pension reserve fund and the financial depletion year. We also conduct a sensitivity analysis for population variables, institutional variables, and economic variables based on pension reserves and the financial depletion year. We evaluate intergenerational fairness between the income hierarchy by conducting a money's worth analysis. Finally, we investigate the possibility of the sustainability of national pension by adjusting pension contributions and entitlements (income replacement rate). A new dependency ratio shows that a simple reform of the national pension does not secure the sustainability of the national pension without adapting a pay-as-you-go system.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.201-207
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• 2011

The use of chemical products to enhance and improve life is a widespread worldwide practice. In spite of the benefits of these products, there is the potential of chemicals for adverse effects to people or the environment. The globally harmonized system (GHS) of classifying and labeling chemicals that was recommended by the United Nations in 2003, has been introduced globally since 2008. Compare to the classification criteria of agricultural formulations today, classification criteria of GHS is different partly. One pictogram is removed and 3 pictograms are introduced newly. The classification criteria of GHS will be changed preferentially and implemented gradationally to hazard products.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.573-573
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• 2016

우리나라의 하천 및 호소에 유입되는 오염물질 중 약 30% 이상이 농업(경종 축산)활동 등에 의한 비점오염원이며 특히, 축산비점오염원에 대한 관리는 관련 분야의 특징에 대한 정확한 이해를 바탕으로 국내 실정에 적합하고 현실적인 정책과 제도를 개발하여 적용하는 것이 필요하다. 실질적인 정책과 제도의 개선안 수립 적용을 위해서는 축산비점오염물질 배출에 대한 신뢰성 있는 정량화가 선행되어야 하나, 모니터링 자료가 충분하지 못하여 실측자료에 근거한 부하량 평가가 어렵고, 토지이용, 강우강도, 경사도 등에 따른 비점오염물질과 수계 유입되는 유달부하량 정량화에 대한 연구사례는 적은편이다. 따라서 국내 실정에 적합하고, 현실적으로 적용 가능한 정책 및 제도 개선안 마련을 위해서는 합리적인 오염 배출량 자료와 저감방법에 근거하여 현실적인 대안을 도출하는 연구가 필요하다. 또한 이러한 실정을 파악하기 위해서는 국내 축산 밀집지역을 대상으로 하여 강우시와 비강우시 오염물질들의 유출 특성 및 배출농도에 대한 기초자료가 필요하며 이를 토대로한 특성파악이 가장 우선시 되어야 할 것이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 축산밀집지역인 정읍시 덕천면의 덕천천 유역일대를 대상으로 하여 강우시는 년 5회 비강우시는 년10회 모니터링을 통해 기초데이터를 구축하였으며 유역특성을 고려하여 총 8개 지점을 선정하여 조사하였다. 모니터링 결과 비강우시의 수질농도 평균값을 살펴보면, BOD, T-N, T-P 의 경우 모두 상류지점에서 하류로 가면서 점점 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 특히 축사 밀집지역인 상류지역서 가장 높은 농도를 나타냈다. 강우시의 경우 하류부분에서 가장 높은 값을 보였으며 가축자원화시설이 위치한 지점부터 높아진 후 하류로 갈수록 점점 농도가 증가된다. T-N의 경우 축사와 농경지가 밀집되어 있는 포함하는 지점에서 높은 값을 기록하였으며, 유량이 많아지는 하류지점에서 가장 낮은 값을 나타내었다. T-P의 경우도 BOD와 마찬가지로 하류지점에서 가장 높은 값을 나타냈다.

• 한국노년학
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.453-466
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to explore the enlightenment of the Korean long-term care insurance policy on Qingdao's long-term care insurance policy through policy comparison. China and Korea are very similar in terms of cultural background, living habits, and population structure. Therefore, the successful experience of Korean long-term care insurance has great implications for Qingdao even China to build a long-term care insurance system. Through the literature review, this article compares the long-term care insurance policy implemented by Qingdao City and Korea in Gilbert & Terrell's social welfare policy analysis framework. With the comparison this article discusses about the existing problems of the current pilot policy system in Qingdao, such as lack of legislation support and financial independence, assessment standards are not detailed, and human resources are insufficient. The author raises five suggestions to improve Qingdao's long-term care policy as the conclusion of this paper: legislation support, detailed assessment standard, expand categories of benefits, enrich delivery network, optimize financing sources.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.254-263
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• 2013

This study is to develop an evaluation index for infection control and to verify its validity by examining each set of weighted data collected from 121 infection control personnel at dental hospitals who agreed to the preliminary survey and advisory. The study was conducted from 14th December, 2010 to 31st January, 2011, and PASW Statistics 18.0 and AMOS 5.0 had been used for the statistical data analysis. As a result of the study, five evaluation factors with 21 sub-indicators have been identified at structural level, eight evaluation factors with 32 sub-indicators at processing level, and one evaluation fact with five sub-indicators at resulting level, total 14 evaluation factors with 58 sub-indicators throughout all levels. The path analysis added on the result that 'standard precautions ($x_1$)', 'infection control support system ($x_2$)', 'internal and external characteristics ($x_3$)' are exogenous variables that affect on other variables, and 'standard infection control ($y_1$)','Organization equipment management handwashing ($y_2$)', 'environmental infection control ($y_3$), 'personal protective equipment ($y_4$)', 'waste and laundry management ($y_5$)' are endogenous variables that are infulenced by others. The standardized metrics are more needed than anything else when examining on infection control. This study attempts to develop proper dental infection control metrics adequately adjusted for domestic circumstances, and therefore to contribute to effective systematic management and decision-making in infection control.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.843-852
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• 2017

Recently, as the WHO IARC has classified radio frequency electromagnetic fields as possibly carcinogenic (group 2B) to humans, there is increasing concern about the health effects of overexposure from electromagnetic fields. Especially, the workers are exposed to higher level of electromagnetic radiation than the general public. As a result, in Europe, the protection guidelines for the worker are developed and the exposure of the worker is strictly controlled. In this paper, the EU directive, standards and guidelines of the EMF exposure for the worker were reviewed, and the exposure assessment of EMF was performed for the arc welding. Based on that, we propose a way to introduce a national policy to protect the workers from EMF exposure in working environment.

• Journal of Software Assessment and Valuation
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2020

The March 29, 2016, amendment to the Civil Procedure Act introduced changes to the appraisal procedures, including new obligations for appraisers, changes in the modes of appraiser testimony, and questioning of appraisers through video conferencing, with all seemingly aimed at procedurally addressing the issues with appraisal in the context of court proceedings. The changes introduced by the amendment also affect the appraisal procedures for copyrights. In light of the above, this article examines how the amendment to the Civil Procedure Act affects the appraisal procedures for copyrights. Specific issues covered by this paper include: appointment of additional appraisers, prohibition of delegated appraisal, operation of the multiple appraisal system, disclosure of participating experts, proximity of the appraiser system, and congruence of areas of expertise.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.479-479
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• 2023

하천의 건천화는 물이용은 물론 수질과 수생태 측면에서 부정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 알려져 있으나, 건천화의 정의는 물론 건천화 판단기준에 대해서도 학술적인 정리가 부족한 실정이다. 국내의 하천환경을 고려할 때 대부분의 건천화는 대하천이나 하천의 본류보다는 중소하천 규모에서 발생하고 있으며, 이는 만경강유역에서도 동일할 것으로 판단된다. 건천화를 판단하기 위해서는 장기간에 걸친 신뢰할 만한 유량자료가 축적되어 있어야 하나, 중소하천 규모에서 장기측정망을 운영하기는 쉽지 않은 특성으로, 이를 보완하는 방법으로 현장에서의 유량 측정과 함께 모형을 이용하여 하천의 유황을 추정하는 것이 타당할 것으로 판단된다. 건천화된 하천의 유량확보와 관련하여 고려할 수 있는 하천유지유량 제도는 국가하천과 지방 하천을 대상으로 하고 있어 실제 건천화가 발생하는 중소하천에는 적용하기 어려울 것으로 보여, 환경생태유량 제도의 활용을 검토하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 보이지만, 중소하천이나 그 이하 규모의 소하천의 경우 유량 확보를 위한 현실적인 방안이 제한되어 있는 문제가 있다. 본 연구에서는 선행연구에서 제시한 기준유량과 건천화 평가지표를 검토하고 적용하였다. 또한 하천유역의 특성을 반영하기 위해 대조하천, 농업하천, 도시하천, 준도시하천으로 구분하고 이들 하천에 대한 현장조사와 함께 장기유출모형을 구축하여 하천의 유황을 파악하고 만경강유역의 건천화 규모를 추정하였다. 건천화 등급을 산정한 결과, 건천화율이 대부분 5등급(매우나쁨)수준으로 평가었고, 산정된 건천화 비율로 살펴봤을 때, 건천화를 개선하기 위한 유량공급이 필요한 단계로 사료된다. 이러한 연구 결과는 향후 건천화현상에 대한 원인규명과 방지대책을 강구하기 위한 기초자료로 활용가능 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.137-145
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• 2016

This study aims to empirically verify the positive impacts of PB(performance-based) HRM on the organizational effectiveness in a public corporation. The independent variables are 'PB staffing', 'PB appraisal', 'PB compensation'. The dependent variables are 'JS(job satisfaction)', 'OC(organizational commitment)'. The results are as follows. 'PB staffing' shows positive impact on both 'JS' and 'OC', but 'PB compensation' doesn't show positive impact on both 'JS' and 'OC'. Also, it is found that both 'PB appraisal' and 'PB compensation' do not show positive impact on 'OC'. 'PB appraisal' shows positive impact on 'JS', though. From the empirical analysis, the positive effects of the PB-HRM on the organizational effectiveness are partially verified. It is thought that these mixed results are originated from the particular situation in which the surveyed corporation is placed. After the merger of the corporation in 2009, even though it has introduced various PB-HRM systems, it has been through a harsh time such as wage freeze and return as measures of business normalization. This organizational situation may influence the verification of effectiveness of the normal PB-HRM.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.397-406
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• 2015

The different compliance concentration of effluent limit is applied to effluent discharged from public sewage treatment works(PSTWs) in each watershed on the basis of water quality thereof in accordance with the enforced Watershed Sewer System Maintenance Plan in 2013. It is necessary to set the compliance concentration of effluent limit for PSTWs in watershed sewer system, in order to achieve water quality criteria for regional watersheds or target water quality under TMDL program. Watershed Environmental Agencies establish the Watershed Sewer System Maintenance Plan and set the compliance concentration of effluent limit for PSTWs under the plan. The agencies have a plan to apply strengthened effluent BOD concentration limits for PSTWs in I to IV area grade, respectively. Effluent BOD concentration limits will be strengthened from 5~10 mg/L to 3 mg/L in II~III area grade, from 10 mg/L to 5 mg/L in IV area grade. Uniform application of effluent BOD concentration limits to PSTWs in the watershed sewer system need to be complemented considering type of sewage treatment technology employed and watershed characteristics. Therefore, this study presents assessment methodology which analyze for the compliance concentration of effluent limit to affect water quality of discharge watershed using simulation model for the Jinwee-stream watershed.