• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.364-372
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• 2003

Purpose: This study was conducted to find out the effects of hospice care by evaluating the spiritual well-being and quality of life in the hospice and nonhospice patients. Method: The research design was composed of descriptive study. The data were collected using the questionnaire with interview from 30 hospice patients at three hospice institutes and 30 nonhospice patients at two general hospitals. The tools used for this study were 14-item questionnaire regarding general characteristics, a revised Spiritual Well-being Survey(Paloutzion and Ellision, 1982) and 22-item of revised Mcgill Quality of Life questionnaire. Result: The spiritual well-being of the hospice patients was higher than that of nonhospice patients(F=5.52, p=0.023). The global quality of life of the hospice patients was higher than that of nonhospice patients(F=8.84, p=0.004). There was a significant positive correlation between spiritual well-being and quality of life of the hospice patients and non hospice patients. Conclusion: The hospice care effects on spiritual well-being and quality of life of the terminal cancer patients.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.479-487
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• 2006

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to measure the degree of uncertainty in illness, hope, and spiritual well-being and to examine the relationship among uncertainty in illness, hope, and spiritual well-being of cancer patients. Method: The data were derived from answers to questionnaires obtained from 93 cancer patients at one general hospital in J area from April 6, 2004 to May 8, 2004. The collected data were analyzed by SSPS 10.0. Results: The mean score of uncertainty in illness of cancer patients was 55.96. The mean score of hope of cancer patients was 79.77, and spiritual well-being was 55.20. Uncertainty in illness of cancer patients was related negatively to hope(r=-.57, p=.000). Also uncertainty in illness of cancer patients was related negatively to spiritual well-being(r=-.57, p=.000). However, hope of cancer patients was related positively to spiritual well-being(r=.67, p=.000). Conclusion: Higher uncertainty in illness was related to lower hope and spiritual well-being of cancer patients. Based upon these results, nurses should help patients to improve their hope and spiritual well-being through mediation of uncertainty in illness.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.480-489
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine self-transcendence, spiritual well-being, and death anxiety of elderly. Method: This was a descriptive survey study. Data were collected from March to June, 2013, from 243 elderly persons. Questionnaires were used in order to solicit information on self-transcendence, spiritual well-being, and death anxiety. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and stepwise multiple regression were used in analysis of data. Results: Average scores were 2.96 for self-transcendence, 4.19 for spiritual well-being, and 3.08 for death anxiety. Statistically significant negative correlations were observed between self-transcendence and death anxiety, spiritual well-being and death anxiety. However, from the statistical point of view, significantly positive correlation was observed between self-transcendence and spiritual well-being.. Spiritual well-being, health status, and gender were significant predictors of self-transcendence. Conclusion: This study will provide basic information for use in development of a program to encourage a healthy lifestyle for elderly persons.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.181-190
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was to identify the impact of spiritual wellbeing and social support on the depression among middle-aged women. Descriptive study design was used. Methods: The subjects completed the structured questionnaires: the 'Spiritual Well-being Scale', developed by Paloutzian & Ellison, 'the Social Support Scale' developed by Park, and 'the CES-D Scale' developed by Radloff. Data were collected from 216 middle aged women in B metropolitan city and J city. The data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Scheff$\acute{e}$ test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regressions. Results: Participants with higher depression had lower scores for spiritual wellbeing (r=-.57, p<.001) and lower scores for social support (r=-.49, p=.011). The influencing factors on depression were spiritual wellbeing, social support, and utilization of spare time. These variables were explained 46% of the variance in depression. Conclusion: The depression of the middle-aged women can be reduced when spiritual wellbeing and social support are improved. Therefore, we suggested to develop nursing intervention programs in order to improve spiritual wellbeing and social support of middle-aged women for reducing their depressions.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.822-830
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• 2005

Purpose: The study was to identify the relationship between the spiritual well-being, family support and depression in cancer patients. Method: Data were collected by questionnaires from 116 inpatients with cancer at one university hospital in J area using Spiritual Well-being Scale, Family Support Scale, and BDI. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS WIN 12.0 program. Result: 1) The mean scores of well-being, family support, and depression were 107.28, 41.14, and 16.79 respectively. 2) There were significant differences in the spiritual well-being by age, education, religion, and social group. There were significant differences in the family support by age, education, and number of admission. There were significant differences in the depression by occupation and social group. 3) Depression was significantly correlated with spiritual well-being, and family support. 4) The most signifiant predictor which influenced depression in cancer patients was spiritual well-being, followed by occupation, age, family support. Conclusion: These results suggested that providing spiritual nursing intervention and enhancing family support will effectively decrease depression in cancer patients.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.557-568
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• 2012

Purpose: This was a correlation study to identify the relationship of spiritual well-being, hope on fatigue in cancer patients on chemotherapy. Methods: The subjects completed structured questionnaires: the 'Spiritual Well-being Scale', developed by Paloutzian & Ellison, 'Hope Scale', developed by Kim & Lee and 'Fatigue Scale', developed by Mendoza et al. Data were collected from 120 patientsat two general hospitals and were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA & Sheffe's test, Pearson's correlation coefficients and multiple stepwise regression. Results: Participants with higher fatigue had lower scores for hope (r=-.36, p<.001) and lower scores for spiritual well-being (r=-.23, p=.011). Participants with higher scores for hope had higher scores for spiritual well-being (r=.61, p<.001). The factors seen as contributing to fatigue were hope, financial burden of treatment, period of religious life, living with spouse, and reported pain. These variables explained 32.3% of the variance in fatigue. Hope with 13% was the most influential. Conclusion: The fatigue of the cancer patients on chemotherapy can be reduced if hope is improved, and hope can be improved if the spiritual well-being is improved. Therefore, we suggest developing a nursing intervention program that leads to improve hope and spiritual well-being of the cancer patients on chemotherapy for reducing fatigue.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.169-178
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was to identify the relationship between depression and spiritual health in patients suffering from female cancer. Methods: The study utilized a cross-sectional descriptive study design. Data was collected by questionnaires from 106 female patients who were diagnosed with cancer of female organs at three university hospitals and one general hospital. The instruments used in this study included, "the Depression Scale" developed by Zung(1965) and "Spirituality Health Inventory" developed by Highfield(1992) and amended by Kim. The collected data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficients. Results: There was significantly negative correlation between spiritual health and depression in female cancer patients (r= -.65, p< .0001). There were significant differences in spiritual health according to the monthly income (F=4.30, p= .016), the degree of pain (F=2.85, p= .041), the degree of fatigue (F=3.42, p= .020), the frequency of attendance at worship services (F=3.26, p= .014), the effect of religion on personal life (F=9.41, p= .000). There were significant differences in depression, according to the residence type (F= .75, p= .012), the cancer insurance (t=7.86, p= .006), the degree of pain (F=2.78, p= .045). Conclusions: There is a necessity to develop strategies to improve the spiritual health and to reduce depression in female cancer patients. The significant several characteristics related to depression and spiritual health should be considered in psychsocial nursing intervention of female cancer patients.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.292-301
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the spiritual well-being and quality of life between hospital and home hospice patients. Methods: A total of 116 patients from 4 hospice hospitals in D city and P city participated in this study from January to April 2012. To measure spiritual well-being, an instrument developed by Paloutzian and Ellison (1982) and revised by Park (2005) was used. To measure quality of life, an instrument developed by Cho (1993) and revised by Sun (2003) was used. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, t-test, $x^2$-test, and ANCOVA. Results: Spiritual well-being and quality of life were higher in home hospice patients than in hospital hospice patients, but they were not statistically significant. Higher education and having religion were significantly related to higher spiritual well-being in both groups. Having religion and pain history for the past one week were significantly related to higher quality of life in both groups. Conclusion: For hospice patients, participation in religious activities needs to be encouraged to improve their spiritual well-being and quality of life. Assessing the hospice patients' pain history with close observation and managing the pain are suggested.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.186-194
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• 2013

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to identify correlation of spiritual well-being, social support, life satisfaction and depression in the community dwelling elderly, and to explore a possibility to apply the spiritual well-being, and social support as resources to promote welfare of the elderly. Methods: A structured questionnaire was used to obtain data from a convenience sample of 222 senior citizens, who visited social welfare centers in Gangwon-do from September to October, 2010. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression. Results: There were significant differences in spiritual well-being based on religion, satisfaction to religion, economic status, physical health, and life satisfaction. Social support was significantly different according to economic status, physical health, life satisfaction, and social gathering. The existential well-being, family support, and special support had a significant effect on life satisfaction, and demonstrated positive correlations with the well-being of the elderly. Conclusion: Spiritual well-being and social support have significant effects on depression and life satisfaction of senior citizens. Thus spiritual well-being and social support can be considered as important factors that improve the elderly's quality of life.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.175-182
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• 2013

Purpose: Spirituality is an important domain and is related with physical and psychological symptoms in terminal cancer patient. The aim of this study is to examine how patients' spirituality is associated with their physical and psychological symptoms as it has been explored by few studies. Methods: In this cross sectional study, 50 patients in the palliative ward of a tertiary hospital were interviewed. Spiritual well-being, depression, anxiety and pain is measured by Functional Assessment of Chronic-Illness Therapy-Spirituality (FACIT-Sp), hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) and the Korean version of the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI-K). The correlations between patients' spiritual well-being and anxiety, depression and pain were analysed. The association between spiritual well-being and age, gender, palliative performance scale (PPS), religion, mean pain intensity, anxiety, depression were assessed by univariate and multivariate regression analyses. Results: Spiritual well-being was negatively correlated with the mean pain intensity (r=-0.283, P<0.05), anxiety (r=-0.613, P<0.05) and depression (r=-0.526, P<0.05). In multivariate regression analysis, spiritual well-being showed negative association with anxiety (OR=-1.03, 95% CI=-1.657~-0.403, P=0.002) and positive association with the existence of religion (OR=9.193, 95% CI=4.158~14.229, P<0.001). Conclusion: In this study, patients' anxiety and existence of religion were significantly associated with spiritual well-being after adjusting age, gender, PPS, mean pain intensity, depression. Prospective studies are warranted.