• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.681-683
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of mesiodens among children in Korea. The study population consisted of 20 children whose ages ranged from 4 years to 26 years. The characteristics of mesiodens were obtained from radiographs and clinical examination results, and were confirmed by surgical intervention. Results showed that males were affected four times as frequently as female. Thirty-five percent of the patients had more than one supernumerary tooth. About 67% of the mesiodens were conical in shape and about 34% of the mesiodens were in the upward position. The age and sex distribution, number of mesiodens per patient, shape, direction, size, and effect on permanent upper incisors are also presented in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.783-788
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• 1989

The reason of abnormal expansion in BaTiO3 synthesized in the equimolecular mixture and synthesized in Ba-rich region were investigated at the point of crystal and microstructure. The shrinkage and the expansion of the mixtures in BaCO3-TiO2 system were determined by the mass of BaCO3 added to the equimolecular BaCO3 and TiO2, Ba2TiO4 which was much formed and BaTi2O3 were important crystal in the reaction of Ba-rich region. Sintering phenomena of unreacted BaCO3 activity and the secondary phase caused to generate microcracks in the specimens.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.84-95
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• 2017

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder that begins in early childhood and can persist throughout adulthood. ADHD causes difficulties in various area of life, such as academic achievement, peer relationships, family functioning, employment and marriage. Although ADHD is known to respond well to medication, such treatment is more effective when combined with psychosocial (non-pharmacologic) therapy in terms of alleviating the core symptoms and improving appropriate functions. Psychosocial treatment interventions are divided into psychoeducation, behavioral parent training, school intervention, cognitive behavior therapy, social skill training, parent-child interaction therapy, play therapy, other treatments (coaching, complementary and alternative medicine), neurofeedback and Cogmed. Adult ADHD cognitive behavioral therapy is described separately. These practice parameters summarize the evidence for psychosocial treatment. Based on this evidence, specific recommendations are provided for psychosocial interventions.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.112-119
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the prenatal, perinatal and developmental risk factors of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), compared to unaffected siblings (SIB), and typically developing children (TC). Methods : Subjects with ADHD, their SIB, and TC were recruited from the child psychiatry outpatient clinic of the Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital. The parents of the children completed questionnaires on perinatal and developmental risk factors. Results : Fifty-eight subjects with ADHD (41 boys, $7.7{\pm}1.3years$), 21 SIB (8 boys, $8.2{\pm}1.8years$), and 22 TC (8 boys, $8.5{\pm}2.1years$) were included. The ADHD group showed higher rates of maternal stress during pregnancy than the SIB group (p=.002), and the ADHD group showed higher rates of familial psychiatric history than the TC (odds ratio, 8.76 ; 95% confidence interval, 1.69 to 45.45). Conclusion : These findings suggest that among perinatal and developmental factors, maternal stress during pregnancy contribute to the development of ADHD. Future prospective studies will be needed in order to determine the causal relationship between perinatal risk factors and development of ADHD.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.83-89
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• 2013

Objectives : It is known that children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience significant difficulty in recognizing facial emotion, which involves processing of emotional facial expressions rather than speech, compared to children without ADHD. This objective of this study is to investigate the differences in facial emotion recognition between children with ADHD and normal children used as control. Methods : The children for our study were recruited from the Suwon Project, a cohort comprising a non-random convenience sample of 117 nine-year-old ethnic Koreans. The parents of the study participants completed study questionnaires such as the Korean version of Child Behavior Checklist, ADHD Rating Scale, Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version. Facial Expression Recognition Test of the Emotion Recognition Test was used for the evaluation of facial emotion recognition and ADHD Rating Scale was used for the assessment of ADHD. Results : ADHD children (N=10) were found to have impaired recognition when it comes to Emotional Differentiation and Contextual Understanding compared with normal controls (N=24). We found no statistically significant difference in the recognition of positive facial emotions (happy and surprise) and negative facial emotions (anger, sadness, disgust and fear) between the children with ADHD and normal children. Conclusion : The results of our study suggested that facial emotion recognition may be closely associated with ADHD, after controlling for covariates, although more research is needed.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.383-391
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of study was to describe knowledge and attitude to Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) in preschool teachers in Korea. Methods: Survey methodology using a self administered questionnaire was employed as the research design. Knowledge and attitude were measured with a questionnaire modified from Jerome, Gordon, and Hustler (1994) and Ghanizadeh, Bahredar, and Moeini (2006). Of 223 questionnaires mailed out to 42 daycare centers in one district in Seoul, 164 questionnaires (73.5%) were used for data analysis. Data analysis was done using SPSS.WIN 15.0. Results: The mean score on knowledge for the teachers was 11.27 (59.3%) out of maximum score of 19. For question items, the percentage of correct answers related to etiology of ADHD was under 10% and the correct rate regarding treatment of ADHD was over 90%. Preschool teachers had a mean score on attitude of 20.77 out of 33. Less than 50% of the teachers reported positive attitudes toward the child with ADHD and over 90% agreed that the child with ADHD needs a special environment and specially trained teachers. Age (r=.236, p=.002) and marital status (t=-3.661, p=.000) were significantly related to attitude toward the child with ADHD. Knowledge and attitude had a significant positive correlation (r=.245, p=.001). Conclusion: These results suggest that educational programs and strategies should be developed to increase knowledge of preschool teachers on ADHD. Public health nurses also need to develop and implement education programs for teachers at daycare centers and others involved in child care in the community.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.127-135
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of mothers' recognition of Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), parenting stress and family support in mothers of children diagnosed with ADHD. Methods: The data were collected from December 24, 2009 to July 23, 2010. The participants were 141 mothers of children diagnosed with ADHD and who lived in D city. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients with SPSS 17.0 were used to analyze the data. To determine the most effective variable (mothers' recognition, parenting stress and family support) to predict parental stress, data were analyzed using canonical correlation with SAS 9.1 TS. Results: Canonical correlation analysis revealed that professional and teachers' roles of the 3 sub-domains of mothers' recognition were the most outstanding variables in predicting parenting stress. Parental distress/parent-child dysfunctional interaction of parenting stress was the most outstanding variable in predicting both mothers' recognition and family support. Spouse cooperation in family support was the most outstanding variable in predicting parenting stress. Conclusion: The results suggest that strengthening parents' recognition of ADHD and supporting interventions are important for reducing parenting stress. Professional and teachers' roles, parental distress/parent-child dysfunctional interaction and spouse cooperation should be included in the contents of structured programs.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.91-99
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• 2000

Objectives：Present study developed the computerized ADHD Diagnostic System(ADS) in order to diagnose ADHD and evaluate treatment effect of it, and conducted a standardization study for ADS. Methods：The normative group was composed of 847 children and adolescents between the age of 5 and 15(boy 429, girl 418) living in the areas of Seoul, Kyunggi-do, and Kangwon-do. 30 ADHD children with age ranged 7 to 9 years were participated present study to evaluate the validity of ADS. To establish the norms for diagnosing ADHD, the means and standard deviations of normative group were used to calculate T-scores for each age group. Results：The reliability coefficient of ADS(Cronbach's ${\alpha}$) was .85. There were significant differences in the measures of ADS except commission error between the normal and the ADHD groups. Three factors were extracted through factor analysis of ADS, which were labelled 'inattention', 'slow information processing' and 'impulsivity'. Discriminant analysis showed that ADS significantly discriminate the normal and the ADHD groups. Percentage of correct classification by ADS variables was 96.7%. Conclusion：These results put together strongly support the reliability and validity of ADS as a diagnostic instrument for ADHD.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.15-27
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanism about damages occurring at quay wall and backfill in Youngilman Port during Pohang earthquake (M5.4) on November 15, 2017. In the field investigation, the horizontal displacement of the caisson occurred between 5 cm and 15 cm, and the settlement at backfill occurred higher than 10 cm. 2D-effective Stress Analysis was performed to clarify the mechanism for the damage. The input earthquake motion used acceleration ($3.25m/s^2$) measured at bedrock of Pohang habor. Based on a numerical analysis, it was found that the effective stress decreased due to the increase of excess pore pressure in the backfill ground and the horizontal displacement of the caisson occurred by about 14 cm, and the settlement occurred by about 3 cm. In backfill, the settlements occurred between 6 cm and 9 cm. This is similar to field investigation results. Also, it was found that the backfill soil was close to the Mohr-Coulomb failure line due to the cyclic loading from the effective stress path and the stress-strain behavior. It may be related to decreasing of bearing capacity induced by the reduction of effective stress caused by the increase of the excess pore water pressure.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.226-233
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to evaluate salt-related dietary attitudes, behaviors, and nutrition knowledge according to urinary salt signal of university students. Based on urinary salt signal, we classified subjects into an "adequate Na intake (ANI)" group (n=52) (salt ${\leq}6g$) and "excess Na intake (ENI)" group (n=66) (salt >6 g). Subjects were asked about general characteristics, lifestyle, salt-related dietary attitudes, behaviors, and nutritional knowledge using questionnaire. The ENI group had more subjects who were drinkers (P<0.05) compared to the ANI group. The ENI group (33.45) showed a significantly lower score in terms of salt-related dietary attitudes compared to the ANI group (35.50) (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the total score of salt-related dietary behavior between the groups. The score of nutrition knowledge was significantly higher in the ANI (9.77) group than in the ENI (8.82) group (P<0.05). The correlation analysis indicated that the urinary salt signal had a negative correlation with the salt-related dietary attitude score after adjustments for age, sex, and body mass index (r=-0.2100, P<0.05). These results support the validity of using the urinary salt signal to simplify estimation of sodium intake.