• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.66-73
• /
• 2012

This study was conducted to develope new indoor plants and to investigate the effects of light intensity on the growth of $Distylium$ $racemosum$, $Osmanthus$ $heterophyllus$ and $Damnacanthus$ $indicus$ under 100 lux, 1,000 lux and 2,500 lux fluorescent lighting for six months in the environment-controlled growth chambers. 1. $Distylium$ $racemosum$ : Most of $Distylium$ $racemosum$ under 100 lux light intensity were blighted in two months, whereas it was 100% of survival under 1,000 lux and 2,500 lux after six months. Plant height, number of leaf, leaf width and leaf length became higher as light intensity increased. The plants maintained under 2,500 lux showed the greatest plant height and leaf number. 2. $Osmanthus$ $heterophyllus$ : $Osmanthus$ $heterophyllus$ under 100 lux light intensity were blighted in two months, whereas it was 100% of survival under 1,000 lux and 2,500 lux after six months. However, under 1,000 lux, it paused plant height and was not increased in leaf number any more. A plant growth status showed the highest value under 2,500 lux in all conditions. 3. $Damnacanthus$ $indicus$ : $Damnacanthus$ $indicus$ was defoliated and blighted under 100 lux light intensity in two months, whereas it was grown properly with 1,000 lux or above. However, the growth under 2,500 lux of $Damnacanthus$ $indicus$ was superior to other treatments. But, $Damnacanthus$ $indicus$ under 1,000 lux after 6 months was more favorable chlorophyll contents, leaf length and leaf width than 2,500 lux. As increasing slightly of chlorophyll contents and leaf growth under 1,000 lux, $Damnacanthus$ $indicus$ could be utilized highly to the indoor ornamental plant.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.33 no.5_1
• /
• pp.571-585
• /
• 2017

The number of spaceborne optical sensors including red-edge band has been increasing since red-edge band is known to be effective to enhance the information content on biophysical characteristics of vegetation. Considering that the Agriculture and Forestry Satellite is planning to carry an imaging sensor having red-edge band, we tried to analyze the current status and potential of red-edge band. As a case study, we analyzed the effect of using red-edge band and tried to find the optimum band width and wavelength region of the red-edge band to estimate leaf area index (LAI) of very dense tree canopy. Field spectral measurements were conducted from April to October over two tree species (white oak and pitch pine) having high LAI. Using the spectral measurement data, total 355 red-edge bands reflectance were simulated by varying five band width (10 nm, 20 nm, 30 nm, 40 nm, 50 nm) and 71 central wavelength. Two red-edge based spectral indices(NDRE, CIRE) were derived using the simulated red-edge band and compared with the LAI of two tree species. Both NDRE and CIRE showed higher correlation coefficients with the LAI than NDVI. This would be an alternative to overcome the limitation of the NDVI saturation problem that NDVI has not been effective to estimate LAI over very dense canopy situation. There was no significant difference among five band widths of red-edge band in relation to LAI. The highest correlation coefficients were obtained at the red-edge band of center wavelength near the 720 nm for the white oak and 710 nm for the pitch pine. To select the optimum band width and wavelength region of the red-edge band, further studies are necessary to examine the relationship with other biophysical variables, such as chlorophyll, nitrogen, water content, and biomass.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.134-145
• /
• 2011

The objectives of this study were to investigate fitness difference in growth and rice yield in herbicide-transgenic rice overexpressing Myxococcus xanthus and Arabidopsis thaliana protoporphyrinogen oxidase (Protox) genes and non-transgenic rice. We also aimed to determine whether these fitness differences are related to ALA synthesizing capacity, accumulation of terapyrroles, reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidative enzymes at different growth stages of rice. Plant height of the transgenic rice overexpressing M. xanthus (MX) and A. thaliana (AP37) Protox genes at 43, 50, and 65 days after transplanting (DAT) was significantly lower than that of WT. Number of tiller of PX as well as MX and AP37 at 50 and 65 DAT was significantly lower than that of WT. At harvest time, culm length and yield of MX, PX and AP37 and rice straw weight of MX and AP37 were significantly low compared with WT. The reduction of yield in MX, PX, and AP37 was caused by spikelets per panicle and 1000 grain weight, ripened grain, spikelets per panicle, 1000 grain weight, and ripened grain, respectively. On the other hand, 135 the reduction of yield in MX, PX, and AP37 was also observed in another yearly variation experiment. The reduction of rice growth in MX, PX, and AP37 was observed in seedling stage as well as growth duration in field. There were no differences in tetrapyrrole intermediate Proto IX, Mg-Proto IX and Mg-Proto IX monomethyl ester, reactive oxygen species ($H_2O_2$ and ${O_2}^-$), MDA, antioxidative enzymes (SOD, CAT, POX, APX, and GR) and chlorophyll between transgenic lines and wild type, indicating that accumulated tetrapyrrole intermediate and other parameters were not related to growth reduction in transgenic rice. However, ALA synthesizing capacity in MX, PX, and AP37 at one day after exposure to light and 52 DAT was significantly lower than that of WT. Further study is required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the growth and yield difference between transgenic and WT lines.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.109-124
• /
• 2014

In order to understand the carbon cycle in the Amundsen Sea of the Southern Ocean, the export fluxes of particulate organic carbon from the euphotic zone to deep water estimated using ${\psi}$/${\psi}$ disequilibrium method. Seawaters in 14 water columns were collected during February and March 2012, and analyzed for total and dissolved ${\psi}$, and particulate organic carbon. Total ${\psi}$ activities in the water column showed deficiency and excess relative to those of ${\psi}$ depending on the water depth. Deficiency of total ${\psi}$ in the euphotic zone showed mirror images both with chlorophyll-a and fluorescence, and was consistent with the loss of nitrate, which indicated the effect of biological activity. In addition, deficiency of total ${\psi}$ from deep water was associated with the increase of total dissolvable Fe/Mn concentration. Excess total ${\psi}$ activity presented below the euphotic zone might be related to particulate ${\psi}$ concentrated in this water depth. Mean export flux of ${\psi}$ estimated using the steady state model was $867{\pm}246dpmm^{-2}day^{-1}$. Mean export flux of particulate organic carbon, which were estimated by the product of total ${\psi}$ flux and ratio of POC/${\psi}$ ($7.08{\pm}4.27{\mu}molCdpm^{-1}$) in the sinking particles, was $5.9{\pm}3.9mmolCm^{-2}day^{-1}$. These fluxes were similar levels to those in the Weddell Sea during February and March 2008. Export ratios (ThE) relative to the primary production in the euphotic zone were in the range of 3-54% (av. 28%).

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.465-474
• /
• 1996

The study was carried out to determine the proper concentration of plant growth regulator, kinetin on alleviating copper toxicity for two rice cultivars of seed germination. The results were as followings : Soaking treatment of kinetin 10$^{-3}$ M increased the germination rate of both cultivars, Ilpumbyeo and Hyangmibyeo 1 by 92% and 88% as compared with copper treatment (60ppm). But the soaking treatment effect of plant growth regulator, kinetin was not recognized at the kinetin 10$^{-4}$ M and 10$^{-5}$ M. Chlorophyll content of both rices was higher than that of Hyangmibyeo 1. Copper content of Ilpumbyeo was higher in leaf than in seed part. At the 3 days after treatment of copper 60ppm, both cultivars of treatment of kinetin 1O-3M showed the somewhat thin bands at the 35 and 40kDa compared with others. A new protein band pattern was only appeared to kinetin 1O-3M at approximately 54.4kDa(M. W) at the 7 days after treatment of copper 60ppm in llpumbyeo cultivar, SOD activity of copper 60ppm treatment increased in 3DAT, but there were no significant differences in 5 and 7DAT of two cultivars. Free proline contents of copper 60ppm treatment in llpumbyeo were remarkably increased about 4.996$\mu$M. In particular, free proline content of kinetin l0$^{-3}$ M in Ilpumbyeo was 5.008$\mu$M in 3DAT. In case of Hwangmibyeo 1, free proline content of copper 60ppm was 5.825$\mu$M compared with an untreated control showing 2.34l$\mu$M. The effects of kinetin treatment were recognized to promote the root growth and germination rate under copper toxicity(60ppm) condition in both cultivars.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.378-384
• /
• 1996

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of root zone temperature on the growth of shoot and root and the mineral contents in leaf of 'Fuji/M26' apple tree. Shoot growth and enlargement of trunk girth increased linearly with increasing root zone temperature. Fresh and dry weight of root reached maximum at $35^{\circ}C$. Water content of root increased with rising root zone temperature. The chlorophyll content of leaves showed insignificant difference with root zone temperature. Leaf water potential was high at $35^{\circ}C$ at 15 day after treatment but 60 day after treatment this was decreased. The nitrogen content of the leaves was not different by root zone temperature whereas the phosphorus content of the leaves was increased at $30^{\circ}C$ in 1993 and at $25^{\circ}C$ in 1994. The potassium content of the leaves reached a maximum at $30^{\circ}C$ in 1993 and $25^{\circ}C$ in 1994. In 1994 the calcium content of the leaves was increased with rising root zone temperature and with lengthening duration of treatment but no such differences were found in 1993. The magnesium content of the leaves was highest at $25^{\circ}C$ in 1993 and at $20^{\circ}C$ in 1994. The nitrogen and potassium content of the roots were increased linearly with root zone temperature in 1993 and 1994 and the magnesium and phosphorus content of the roots were high at $35^{\circ}C$ in 1994 but no such differences were found in the calcium content of the roots.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.26-33
• /
• 1996

A nutrient solution culture experiment was conducted in the greenhouse at Suwon Campus. Kyung-Hee University from May 23 to July 11. 1995, to determine the effects of potassium application on seedling growth of Kwanganok and Hwengsungok cultivars of corn. Potassium was treated with four different levels, which are 0.248.496 and 744ppm for treatments without potassium (-k), standard potassium concentration (K), double(2k) and triple (3k) of standard potassium concentration, respectively. Plants were harvested at weekly interval for seven weeks. at which time plant height, leaf area and dry matter yield of corn seedling were measured, only chlorophyll content was taken for five weeks from three week after planting. Seedlings growth of Kwanganok and Hwengsungok cultivars was greatly retarded from planting to harvesting time in 3k treatment. The plant height, leaf area and dry matter yield of both cultivars during the whole period were decreased in order of K>2F>-K>3K, but dry matter yield of Kwanganok cultivar was decreased in order of 2K>K>-K>3K. Chlorophyll content of Kwanganok and Hwengsungok cultivars was irregularly fluctuated during growing period. but generally highest in K treatment and lowest in 3k treatment. The crop growth rates of seedlings of both cultivars were slow until the 3rd week after planting. but very fast thereafter. In general, CGR of both cultivars was higher in K and 2k treatments than -k and 3k treatments.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.19-25
• /
• 2014

In this study, we analyzed the growth characteristics of red lettuce under Light-emitting diode (LED) light environment as well as the change of vitamin C and anthocyanins of lettuce. We made five monochromatic light treatments (red 647 nm, 622 nm, blue 463 nm, 450 nm, White), six mixed red (R) and blue (B) light treatments (R : B = 9 : 1, 8 : 2, 7 : 3, 6 : 4, 5 : 5) and red + white, and three light treatments made according to photoperiod of LED with lighting sources ratio of red : blue (R : B = 8 : 2(18/06 h, 15/09 h, 12/12 h)). It was composed of totally 14 control beds. As a result, the red lettuce the most developed leaf height, leaf numbers and fresh weight under red single light, root length and leaf developed when grown under blue single light. Therefore, red light were related to above part of the lettuce, blue light were related to the growth of the underground part of lettuce. Case of the mixed light, leaf height, leaf numbers, fresh/dry weight of above and underground part were highest red + white light and root length and chlorophyll content were highest under red 7 : 3 blue light. Result of growing investigation by photoperiod, the red lettuce were considered to be most effective in 15/09 h (on/off). The content of anthocyanins; the single light source, mixed light and light irradiation period were highest under blue light (463 nm), red 7 : 3 blue and 18/06 h (on/off) light irradiation, respectively. The vitamin C showed the lowest content of $1.26mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ under the white light, but showed the greatest content of $3.02mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ for the control group.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.424-431
• /
• 2017

This study was conducted to set the optimum nutrient solution concentration by growth stage for new strawberry cultivars 'Berrystar' and 'Jukhyang'(Fragaria ${\times}$ ananassa Duch. cvs. 'Berrystar', 'Jukhyang') grown through hydroponics to improve the quality and yield. Three different EC levels were applied to the nutrient solution. The treatment levels were 0.7, 1.0 and 1.3 times higher than the nutrient concentration standard for 'Seolhyang' based on the 'Manual for strawberry cultivation' of Rural Development Administration. Based on the results, there were no significant differences in growth of 'Berrystar' by EC level. 'Jukhyang' showed the most vigorous growth grown in 1.3 times higher nutrient concentration. While the growth of 'Berrystar' and 'Jukhyang' grown in higher EC level has leaves with more chlorophyll concentration. However the quantum yield of leaves was not affected by the treatments. On the treatment with 1.3 times higher EC level, the weight, length, width and firmness of 'Berrystar' and 'Jukhyang' were significantly high. The sugar contents of the harvest analyzed by HPLC did not differed particularly, but the percentage composition of reducing sugar and non-reducing sugar were presented differently depending on the treatments. Marketable fruit yield increased as nutrient concentration increases. However, there were no large differences by treatments. Meanwhile, 'Jukhyang' showed significant difference by nutrient concentration and had the largest yield for a treatment grown in 1.3 times higher EC level. Based on these results, it is recommended to provide the same nutrient solution concentration level to the nutrient concentration standard of 'Seolhyang' for 'Berrystar', and the 1.3 times higher level for 'Jukhyang'.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.188-198
• /
• 2017

Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) spears were treated with white (color temperature 4,500 k), blue (peak 450 nm), and red (peak 660 nm) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) at a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of $200{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ for 12 h, and UV-B (280 nm) at 0.5 kJ or 1.0 kJ to determine the effect on agronomic characteristics, antioxidant phytochemicals, and antioxidant activity. The fresh weight, length, and width of spears were not affected by light quality treatments. The free sugars and chlorophyll contents were increased by 9 and 41%, respectively in the UV-0.5 kJ treatments. Among the antioxidant phytochemicals (vitamin C, total phenol, rutin, and total flavonoid), vitamin C was most greatly affected by the light treatments. Vitamin C content was significantly increased in asparagus spears subjected to the white (114%), red (137%), and UV-0.5 kJ(127%) treatments compared to the control. By contrast, rutin, total phenol, and total flavonoid content were increased only in samples subjected to the red and UV-0.5 kJ treatment. Furthermore, antioxidant activity, as measured by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, increased in white, red, and UV-0.5 kJ treatments by about 43, 41, and 43%, respectively, compared to the control. These results suggest that postharvest treatment of asparagus spears with red light at $200{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ for 12 h or with UV-B (280 nm) at 0.5 kJ could enhance the functional quality of the asparagus spears by increasing the content of phytochemicals like vitamin C, rutin, total phenolics, and total flavonoids.