• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.149-152
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• 2001

Leaf chlorophyll fluorescence capable to estimate $CO_2$ assimilation was compared among three citrus rookstocks: trifoliate orange (Poncitrus trifoliate L.), 'Flying Dragon' (Poncitrus trifoliate L. var. monstrosa) and citromelo (Poncitrus trifoliate L.${\times}$Citrus paradisi), as well as among satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu cv. Nichinan No.1) grafted on the 3 rootstocks. Citromelo, the most vigorous rootstock; and 'trifoliate orange'; the most common cultivar and moderate rootstocks gave the same potential and actual quantum yields, whereas 'Flying Dragon' (very dwarf) had lower values due to a higher Fo and Fs for fluorescence obtained from dark-adapted and light-adapted leaves, respectively. These findings show that the absorbed photon energy was dissipated more as fluorescence from the antena chlorophyll in 'Flying Dragon' than trifoliate orange or 'swingle' citrimelo. The satsuma mandarins grafted on these rootstocks did not, however, show the differences observed in the rootstocks by having all the same potential and actual quantum yields. It is suggested that the rootsocks do not potentially or actually electron transport in the Photosystem II (PS II) of satsuma mandarin grafted on the 3 rootstocks.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.87 no.2
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• pp.145-152
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• 1998

We conducted this study as a fundamental study on the response of various tree species against acid rain. The tree species used for this study were Zelkova serrata, Robinia pseudoacacia, Quercus acutissima, Prunus serrulata, Ginkgo biloba, Pinus koraiensis and Pinus densiflora. The leaves were examined for the pH changes by treatment time and the chlorophyll content into various pH solution in vitro. The results obtained were as follows ; 1. When the leaves were immersed in the solution of various pH(pH 3.0-pH 6.0) levels, the pH were changed to species specific pH ranges as pH 5.0~pH 5.5 of Z. serrata, pH 5.5~pH 6.0 of R. pseudoacacia, pH 4.5~pH 5.0 of Q. acutissima, pH 5.5~pH 6.0 of P. serrulata, pH 3.5~pH 4.5 of G. biloba, pH 3.5~pH 4.5 of P. koraiensis until 48 hours. However, in case of P. densiflora, it was difficult to find specific pH range of the species. Z. serrata, R. pseudoacacia and P. serrulata showed a little pH increasing by pH 2.0 solution treatment, while other species showed no change by the solution. 2. The amount of chlorophyll contents in Z. serrata, R. pseudoacacia and P. serrulata were decreased after immersing in the pH 2.0 solution. Chlorophyll content was almost constant in other pH levels. Other species showed almost constant chlorophyll contents in various pH levels and treatment time.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.727-732
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• 1994

In the South Sea of Korea, in vivo fluorescence intensity (IVF) and extractable chlorophyll a concentration were measured to determine whether there was significant defference in in vivo fluorescence per unit chlorophyll a (R) between netplankton and nanoplankton size classes (less than $22{\mu}m$). IVF and chlorophyll a were linearly related for both size classes, but R's were significantly different between two size classes. The R of nanoplankton was about 7 times higher than that of netplankton. Therefore, the size dependency of R must be taken into consideration when size fraction of phytoplankton biomass is determined from the measurements of in vivo fluorescence intensity.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.293-296
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• 1996

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of Ni on germination, cell elongation, ${\alpha}-amylase$ activity, contents of chlorophyll and protein in radish were determined in the water culture. As the concentration of Ni was increased in the water culture, germination of radish was 55% by Ni 10 mg/kg and 30% by Ni 20 mg/kg. The ratio of cell elongation injury was 50%, by two days after Ni 20 mg/kg treatment. The injury ratio of ${\alpha}-amylase$ activity was 45% in the same condition and as the time goes on, inhibition of ${\alpha}-amylase$ activity were slightly decreased. Contents of chlorophyll a and b were decreased two days after treatment and chlorophyll a was more inhibited than chlorophyll b. Also changes of the protein contents was slightly decreased. Activity of ${\alpha}-amylase$ was decreased at germination stage, contents of chlorophyll a and b were decreased at growing stage.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.778-787
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• 2012

The influence of salicylic acid (SA) on growth, chlorophyll, and rubisco/rubisco activase and effect of denaturator on rubisco/rubisco activase activity were studied in tobacco plants grown in vitro with cadmium (Cd) treatment. In order to find out the optimum concentration of SA, tobacco plants treated with $10^{-6}$ mM - $10^2$ mM of SA were grown in MS medium for 9 weeks, respectively. The most pronounced effect on in vitro growth was found at $10^{-4}$ mM SA. Among the control (not treated with Cd and SA), SA, Cd, and Cd + SA, the growth and content of chlorophyll were in the sequence of Cd < Cd + SA < control < SA, and significantly higher at SA compared with others. Similar results were also observed in the content and activity of rubisco and rubisco activase. These data suggest that inhibitory effect by Cd was reversed by SA. These results also indicate that SA has a positive effect on Cd. The effect of denaturants on rubisco activity showed in the sequence of Cd < Cd + SA < control < SA. Rubisco activity was promoted by L-cysteine and ${\beta}$-mercaptoethanol, not by urea, thiourea, and guanidium-HCl. These data suggest that urea, thiourea, and guanidium-HCl are able to act as denaturator, and L-cysteine and ${\beta}$-mercaptoethanol are not. None of the five denaturants affected the activity of rubisco activase.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.77 no.2
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• pp.223-228
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• 1988

To select $SO_2$-resistant tree species, leaf disks of 6mm in diameter, cut from the leaves of 6 species (Wistaria floribunda, Magnolia obovata, Rosa multiflora, Liriodendron tulipifera, Robinia pseudo-acacia and Acer palmatum) were floated on 25ml of testing medium and placed on laboratory under fluorescent lamp (1,500 Lux) for 20 hours. Chlorophyll content and acidity of the testing medium were measured. Testing medium was prepared by diluting $H_2SO_4$, $H_2SO_3$ and $Na_2SO_4$ with distilled water for various stoichiometric $SO_2$ concentrations, 0, 25, 50, 100 and 250 ppm. Total chlorophyll content was more decreased after treatment than before treatment, and was decreased more severely in $H_2SO_3$ sources, followed by $H_2SO_4$ and $Na_2SO_4$, sources. Decreasing rate of total chlorophyll content was generally large in Acer palmatum. Magnolia obovata and Wistaria floribunda, and was relatively small in Rosa multiflora, Liriodendron tulipifera and Robinia pseudo-acacia. Decreasing rate of chlorophyll content may be useful index for judging susceptifility of the leaf to $SO_2$. The acidity of the testing medium was generally decreased after treatment, and it means that cell leakage was occurred during treatment. The differences in medium acidity between before and after treatment may be poot index for susceptibility of the leaf to $SO_2$ owing to the difference among tree species in development of leaf mesophyll, acidity maintaining mechanism and butter capacity of the leaf tissue.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 1985

Ten recommended rice varieties were cultivated in paddy area affected by air-pollutants and in normal area to select varieties adaptable to air-pollution environment. Rice plants grown in pollution site showed higher contents of total sulfur and fluorine in leaf through the whole growing period compared with those in non-pollution site, and rice leaves destroyed by air-pollutants were found only in pollution site. Rice grain yield and four yield components of ten rice varieties grown in pollution site were lower than those in normal area. Five rice varieties among ten were selected as adaptable to air-pollution environment, based on their yielding potential in pollution site and grain yield ratio between two sites. Rice varieties adaptable to pollution showed little variation of percent ripened grains and number of panicles per hill between two sites. Chlorophyll content in flag leaf of rice plants grown in pollution area was lower than in non-pollution area. No relationship was found between grain yield ratio (pollution/non-pollution site) of ten varieties and total sulfur content ratio, fluorine content ratio, chlorophyll content ratio between two sites, and percent destroyed leaf in pollution site, respectively. This result suggest that varietal adaptability to air-pollution environment is not related with the amount of pollutants absorbed, but with the degree of response to pollutants.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.759-765
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• 1997

The process of the senescence in Oryza glaberrima Steud. strains and Oryza sativa L. cultivars were examined in terms of SPAD value(chlorophyll content) and photosynthetic rate. SPAD values and photosynthetic rates of flag leaves for 10 genotypes of each species was measured at the 1, 3 and 5 weeks after heading. SPAD values and photosynthetic rates of O. glaberrima strains tended to decrease rapidly after heading. O. sativa cultivars showed slower decrease as compared to O. glaberrima strains, in particular during the period from 1 to 3 weeks after heading. Although there was no significant difference between the two species in the mean value of photosynthetic rate and SPAD value at 1 weeks after heading, O. glaberrima had lower values after 3 weeks after heading. There were significant positive correlation coefficients between the photosynthetic rate and the SPAD value at 1 and 3 weeks after heading for O. glaberrima strains, and at 1 and 5 weeks after heading for O. sativa cultivars. There were significant positive correlation between the decreasing rates of the photosynthetic rates and the decreasing rates of the SPAD values at the period from the 1 to 3 weeks after heading for both species. At the period from 3 to 5 weeks after heading, only O. glaberrima showed a significant correlation between two traits, indicating that rapid decrease in chlorophyll content would affect the photosynthesis in O. glaberrima.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.378-391
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to determine temporal patterns and longitudinal gradients of water chemistry at eight artificial reservoirs and ten streams within the Han-River watershed along the main axis of the headwaters to the downstreams during 2009~2010. Also, we evaluated chemical relations and their variations among major trophic variables such as total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and chlorophyll-a (CHL-a) and determined intense summer monsoon and annual precipitation effects on algal growth using empirical regression model. Stream water quality of TN, TP, and other parameters degradated toward the downstreams, and especially was largely impacted by point-sources of wastewater disposal plants near Jungrang Stream. In contrast, summer river runoff and rainwater improved the stream water quality of TP, TN, and ionic contents, measured as conductivity (EC) in the downstream reach. Empirical linear regression models of log-transformed CHL-a against log-transformed TN, TP, and TN : TP mass ratios in five reservoirs indicated that the variation of TP accounted 33.8% ($R^2$=0.338, p<0.001, slope=0.710) in the variation of CHL and the variation of TN accounted only 21.4% ($R^2$=0.214, p<0.001) in the CHL-a. Overall, our study suggests that, primary productions, estimated as CHL-a, were more determined by ambient phosphorus loading rather than nitrogen in the lentic systems of artificial reservoirs, and the stream water quality as lotic ecosystems were more influenced by a point-source locations of tributary streams and intense seasonal rainfall rather than a presence of artificial dam reservoirs along the main axis of the watershed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Biology Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.67-67
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• 2004