• Journal of the Korean Society for Geothermal and Hydrothermal Energy
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

A ground source heat pump system should be equipped with devices to measure the generated heating or cooling heat amount in Korea. Generally, the heat measuring devices have been developed to estimate consumed heat amount in residential or commercial buildings from a central air-conditioning system or a district heating system. In this study, two representive heat measuring devices used for buildings were selected, and the accuracy of them were experimentally estimated at the ground source heat pump operating conditions. The obtained heat amounts from the heat measuring devices were deviated within 4.3% comparing with the precise values calculated from an accredited test facility. Even though the accumulated heat amount values of the heat measuring devices had a small difference comparing with the precise values, the temperatures of heat measuring devices showed greatly different values comparing with the precise temperature. Therefore, it is highly recommended to develop the heat measuring devices which is appropriate for the ground source heat pump systems.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.13-17
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• 2010

용접입열 (heat input)은 용접시에 외부로부터 가해지는 열량으로 정의되기 때문에, 대입열용접은 용접입열량이 높은 용접이라고 정의할 수 있다. 통상적으로는 기존에 사용하던 용접기법보다 입열량이 높은 경우에 이를 대입열 용접기법이라고 부르게 되는데, 최근에는 편면 SAW 및 EGW기법 등이 대입열 용접기법으로 통칭되고 있다. 이들 기법의 공통된 특징은 one-pass 용접이라는 것과 용접열영향부에서의 열전달이 2차원적이라는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 Rosenthal의 해석식을 이용하여 이들 두 기법의 열전달 특성을 fusion line 위치에서 분석하여 보았는데, 두께에 따른 열전달 특성에 있어서 커다란 차이를 보여 주게 됨을 확인하였다. 편면 SAW에서는 열이력이 두께의 영향을 받아 두께(입열)가 증가함에 따라 고온에서의 유지시간은 증가하고 냉각속도는 느려지게 된다. 그러나 EGW에서는 입열과 두께가 일차함수적인 관계를 가지고 있기 때문에 열이력에 미치는 두께(입열)의 영향이 없다는 결과가 도출되었다. 이러한 차이로 인하여 편면 SAW에서는 강판 두께가 증가함에 따라 fusion line에서의 충격인성은 저하할 것으로 예상되는 반면에 EGW에서는 두께의 영향을 받지 않을 것으로 예상되었다. 그럼으로 EGW용 대입열용접용 강재의 '대입열 용접성'을 정량적으로 평가할 목적으로 '적용 가능한 최대입열 수준' 또는 '적용 가능한 최대 강판두께' 등으로 평가하는 것은 의미가 없는 것이다. 단지 강판의 두께에 따라 강재의 화학조성이나 제조공정에 있어 차이가 있다면, 이로 인한 'EGW 용접성'의 차이는 있을 수 있다.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.55-64
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• 1998

Using blind hole drilling method the residual stresses and welding deflections are measured for the cylindrical shell with various heat inputs and cylinder diameters. As a result, it is verified that the axial and hoop residual stresses which are generated near the weld part of cylinders are increased, as the heat inputs and cylinder diameters are increased. And experimental results show good agreements with those of precedent researchers. In this paper, it is validated that dominant parameters, heat input Q and the dimension of cylinder h/D have some effects on the magnitude and distribution of axial and hoop residual stresses and welding deflections. The empirical equations of residual stresses and welding deflections are made by using multiple linear regression with experimental results.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.230-235
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• 2003

Mayonnaise has probability of fatness and adult disease because main components of it contain high calorie. We prepared dietary mayonnaise used for corn starch paste. And also, dietary mayonnaise with hot taste was manufactured by using both O.R.capsicum and O.R.paprika. It was observed that the calorie of general mayonnaise was 748 Kcal and the calorie of dietary mayonnaise used for starch was 237∼240 Kcal. The dietary effect was certified by animal experiment.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.46-51
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• 2007

The HFMX((High Flux Macromolecular X-ray crystallography) beamline at Pohang Accelerator Laboratory uses beams from a multi-pole wiggler. Two horizontal and vertical slits relevant to high heat-load are installed at its front-end. In order to treat high heat-load with reducing beam scattering, the horizontal slit has two Glidcop blocks with a grazing incidence angle of $10^{\circ}$ of a grazing-incidence knife-edge configuration. The blocks adjust the slit gap by being translated along guides by two actuating bars, respectively. Water flowing through holes, drilled along the actuating bars, cools the heat-load of both blocks. The vortical slit has the same structure as the horizontal slit except its installation direction with respect to the vacuum chamber and its grazing incidence angle. By virtue of a pair of blocks translating on guides, no alignment between both blocks is required and the installed slits show stable operating performance. The cooling performance of the two slits has been also shown to be acceptable. In this paper, the detailed explanation for the design of the two slits is presented and their operating performance is discussed.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.92-100
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• 1997

Weld repair of ASTM A-470 class 8 high pressure (HP) steam turbine rotor steel has been performed to extend the service life of older fossil units. Microhardness measurements were conducted across the weldment from unaffected base metal (BM) to weld metal (WM). The hardness of the BM was VHN 253, however it dropped up to VHN 227 at the heat affected zone (HAZ) close to unaffected BM for multipass SAW. This area of hardness drop is called "siftening zone" and has a width of 0.5-0.6mm. During creep rupture test, failure occurred around the softening zone and rupture time was 772.4hr at 19Ksi (132 Mpa) and 593.deg. C. Multipass MIG and TIG welding have been employed to reduce the softening zone width. The softening zone width for MIG was 0.3-0.4mm and for TIG was zero-0.4mm depending on heat inputs. However creep rupture time was decreased as softening zone width reduced. Creep rupture time also showed a close relationship with heat inputs in TIG process. The higher heat input, the longer rupture time. Most failure occurred at intercritical HAZ (ICHAZ), however rupture location was shifted to coarse grained HAZ (CGHAZ) as heat input decreased. The rupture surface showed tearing and dimple which indicated transgranular fracture. fracture.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.236-240
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• 2005

The magnetocaloric effect and magnetization behaviors have been studied for $La_{1-x}Pb_{x}MnO_3$ (x=0.1, 0.2, 0.3) alloys. The Curie temperature increased from 195 K to 352 K with increasing Pb concentration. A large magnetic entropy change (${\Delta}S_M$), which is calculated from H vs M curves associated with the ferromagnetic-paramagnetic transitions, has been observed. The maximum ${\Delta}S_M$ of $La_{0.8}Pb_{0.2}MnO_3$ was 1.22 J/kg K at 294 K for an applied field of 1.5 T. Adiabatic temperature change (${\Delta}T_ad$) was measured directly by a special cryostat. The maximum ${\Delta}T_ad$ of $La_{0.7}Pb_{0.3}MnO_3$ was 1.00 K at 352 K for an applied field of 2 T.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.43-49
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• 2016

In this paper, purpose of study is emissions characteristics according to effects of heating value variations of CNG fuel in a dual-fuel engine fueled by diesel and natural gas. For heating value variation of CNG fuel, nitrogen gas was mixed with pure CNG fuel. So the higher heating value was changed from $10,400kcal/Nm^3$ to $9,400kcal/Nm^3$. Under one condition of CNG substitution rate was fixed at 80%, diesel fuel was injected at a fixed injection timing of 16 CAD BTDC and fuel pressure was also fixed at 110 MPa. The condition of tested engine was 1800 rpm and 500Nm. Emissions were sampled in exhaust pipe was located at downstream turbocharger. As a result, emissions characteristics were checked in heating value variations of CNG fuel with mixed nitrogen gas THC, $CH_4$ and CO emissions decreased and NOx and $CO_2$ increased.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.353-362
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• 2019

Thermodynamic analysis of cascade refrigeration systems has attracted considerable research attention. On the other hand, a system evaluation based on thermodynamic analyses of the individual parts, including the evaporator, condenser, intercooler, expansion valve, etc., has received less attention. In this study, performance analysis was conducted on a cascade refrigeration system, which has an individual cooling and refrigeration evaporator, and equips the intercooler and air-cooled condenser in a series in a lower cycle. The thermo-fluid design was then performed on the major components of the system - upper condenser, lower condenser, cooling evaporator, refrigeration evaporator, intercooler, compressor, electronic expansion valve - of 15 kW refrigeration, and 8 kW cooling capacity using R-410A. A series of simulations were conducted on the designed system. The change in outdoor temperature from 26 C to 38 C resulted in the cooling capacity of the lower evaporator remaining approximately the same, whereas it decreased by 9% at the upper evaporator and by 63% at the intercooler. The COP decreased with increasing outdoor temperature. In addition, the COP of the cycle with the intercooler operation was higher that of the cycle without the intercooler operation. Furthermore, the increase in the upper condenser size by two fold increased the upper evaporator by 4%. On the other hand, the lower evaporator capacity remained the same. The COP of the upper cycle increased with increasing upper condenser size, whereas that of the lower cycle remained almost the same. When the size of the lower condenser was increased 2.8 fold, the intercooler capacity increased by 8%, whereas those of upper and the lower evaporator remained approximately the same. Furthermore, the COP of the lower cycle increased with an increase in the lower condenser. On the other hand, the change of the upper condenser was minimal.

• The Journal of Bigdata
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.17-27
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• 2020

District heating system supplies heat from low-cost high-efficiency heat production facilities to heat demand areas through a heat pipe network. For efficient heat supply system operation, it is important to accurately predict the heat demand within the region and optimize the heat production plan accordingly. In this study, a heat demand forecasting model is proposed considering real-time calorimeter information from local heat demands. Previous models considered ambient temperature and heat demand history data to predict future heat demands. To improve forecast accuracy, the proposed heat demand forecast model added big data from real-time calorimeters installed in the heat demands within the target region. By employing calorimeter information directly in the model, it is expected that the proposed forecast model is to reflect heat use pattern of each demand. Computational experiemtns based on the actual heat demand data shows that the forecast accuracy of the proposed model improved when the calorimeter big data is reflected.