• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.400-412
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• 2013

For the composite behavior of steel tube and inner concrete, the shear connectors should be applied to the CFT structures. However, the present design codes don't provide the design criteria that can be applied on shear connectors in the CFT structures typically filled with plain concrete. This study has been carried out to propose design criteria (shear strength and resistance factor) for the stud shear connectors in CFT structures. Experimental tests using the push-out specimens with the plain concrete blocks and finite element analysis were conducted for the purpose of verifying the main failure mode to propose the shear strength of studs in CFT structures. From the results of this study, the main failure mode of studs in CFT structures is splitting crack of concrete and this failure mode reduces shear strength of studs in CFT structures relatively to those embedded in RC blocks.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.47 no.11
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• pp.997-1005
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• 2014

This study evaluated hydrological drought the using the annual minimum flow and the annual maximum deficit method and proposed the new concept of water deficit-duration-frequency curves similar to rainfall intensity-duration-frequency curves. The analysis results of the annual minimum flow, the return periods of hydrological drought in the most duration of 1989 and 1996yr were the longest. The analysis results of the annual maximum deficit, the return periods of 60-days and 90-day deficit which are relatively short duration were the longest in 1995yr, about 35-year, Hydrological drought lasted longer was in 1995, the return period was about 20-year. Though duration as well as magnitude is a key variable in drought analysis, it was found that the method using the annual minimum flow duration not distinguish duration.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.15 no.6 s.67
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• pp.621-628
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• 2003

Stud shear connectors are the most commonly used shear connectors: up to 22mm studs are usually used in steel-concrete composite structures. To expand the current design codes for stud connectors, large studs with a diameter of more than 25mm should be investigated. Through push-out tests on large stud shear connectors that transcend the limitation of current design codes, fatigue behavior was investigated and comparisons with design equations performed. The shear stiffness of the connectors in elastic range was evaluated through shear tests on 25mm, 27mm, and 30mm studs and compared with those from static tests. The fatigue behavior of large studs was discussed in terms of residual slip and load-slip curves. The initiation of fatigue cracks in the welding part could be detected through the history of displacement range. Test results showed that the design fatigue endurance of S-N curves in current design codes could be applied to large stud shear connector.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.465-465
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• 2012

본 연구는 우리나라 전국 기상관측소 중 1973년부터 2011년까지 시 강수 자료가 구축되어 있는 기상관측소 61개 지점에 대해서 지속시간별(1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 시간) 연 최대 강수량의 발생특성 즉 발생 시기 및 정량적 특성의 변화를 지역특성에 따라 분석 제시하였다. 대상 기간을 전기(1973년-1992년)와 후기(1993년-2011년)로 나누어 극치 강수량과 발생시점의 변화를 비교하였으며, 지역 특성별 변화를 분석하기 위하여 고도별, 위도별, 경도별, 내륙/해안별, 유역별, 도시화별로 변화 특성을 분석하였다. 분석결과, 전체적으로 짧은 지속시간의 연 최대 강수량의 빈도는 대부분 7월에서 8월로 옮겨가는 추세를 나타났으며 장마철에 발생하던 짧은 지속기간 극치 강수현상이 태풍과 장마이후 집중호우 시 발생하는 것으로 판단되며 지속시간이 24시간 이상일 경우에는 8월에서 7월로 변하는 결과는 긴 지속시간의 극치 강수가 장마기간에 강수량 증가와 연관되어 나타나는 것으로 판단된다. 경도가 130도 이상인 지역에서는 7월과 8월에만 강수량이 편중되어 있지 않고 다양하게 나타났다. 또한 각 지점의 위치적 특성에 따라 분석한 결과에서는 지속시간별 강수량은 통계적 유의성을 가지지는 않지만 대체적으로 전기에 비해서 후기에 연 최대 강수량이 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 각 월별 지역특성에 따른 연 최대 강수량의 평균에 대한 분석 결과에서도 일반적으로 7월과 8월에 연 최대 강수량이 다른 기간에 비해 큰 것으로 나타났다. 또한 전기 대비 후기에 양도 증가하는 지역들이 나타났으며, 전기에는 7월에 많은 강수량이 나타난 반면, 후기에는 8월에 많은 강수량이 나타나는 지역들이 나타남을 보였고 오히려 전기에는 8월에 많이 내리는 것으로 나타났으나 후기에는 7월에 많이 내리는 지역도 나타났다. 이러한 지역 특성별 극치 강수 발생 특성 분석 결과는 수자원 관리 및 수재해 예방을 위한 계획 수립 시 도움을 줄 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-27
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• 2019

This study deals with the changes in the government-funded research institutes (GRI) in terms of 'responding to social challenges and turning to the institutes that are pursuing sustainability transition'. The newly established societal problem-solving R&D projects in GRIs are core experiments for the transition. In order to discuss about the prospect of transition of GRIs, this study used focus group interview approach. In the interview, the GRIs's stance on the societal problem-solving R&D projects, and its process, problems and the policy direction had been discussed. It is suggested that the necessity of transition is discussed and transition experiments are proceeding on a small scale, but experiments are still underway in the existing framework. In order to facilitate the transition in GRIs, it is necessary to carry out the experiment and the vision making work from the inside the GRI.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.176-184
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• 2021

Background: The aim of this study was to report the effect of acupotomy for patients with headache. Methods: Four patients with headache were treated with acupotomy. The improvement of symptoms was evaluated by numeric rating scale(NRS), Headache impact test-6(HIT-6) and headache attack frequency. Results: The numeric rating scale score and headache attack frequency decreased throughout the treatment period. No side effects were observed during treatment. Conclusion: Acupotomy had shown a positive clinical effect in the treatment of a headache in this case series. Further studies are required for its application on various headache.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.1156-1162
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• 2018

To investigate the anti-thrombotic activities of the lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner), various hot-water extracts were prepared from the leaf, pod of seed (PS), seed, embryo of seed (ES), root, and the node of root (NR) of the lotus. The highest extraction ratio was found in the NR (20.3%), followed by the seed, root, leaf, ES, and PS. These extracts had pH and acidity levels ranging from 5.6~6.5 and 0.06~0.20%, respectively. The seed extract showed 70% brix, whereas the leaf and PS extracts showed less than 0.1% brix. The highest contents of total polyphenol (179.7 mg/g), total flavonoids (161.4 mg/g), and reducing sugar (161.4 mg/g) were observed in the leaf extract, and the highest total sugar content (873.0 mg/g) in the seed extract. Anti-coagulation assay of the extracts of NR, leaf, and PS showed strong activities. In particular, at a concentration of 5 mg/ml, the PS extract had 15-fold extended thrombin, prothrombin, and activated partial thromboplastin times. However, only the ES extract showed activities inhibitory to platelet aggregation, with treatment with 0.25 mg/ml of ES extract decreasing platelet aggregation to 25.1%, a reduction comparable to that effected by aspirin. The extracts other than the seed extract showed no hemolysis activities against human RBC at treatments of up to 1 mg/ml. These results suggest that the NR, PS, seed, and ES, all byproducts of the lotus agriculture industry, have high potential as novel sources of anti-thrombotic agent.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.65-78
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• 1997

This study was carried out in order to determine soft tissue response to incisor movement and mandibular repositioning and to determine feasibility of predicting vertical and horizontal changes in soft tissue with hard tissue movement. For this study, cephalometric records of 41 orthodontically treated adult females who had Angle's Class II division 1 malocclusion were selected and stepwise multiple regression analysis was employed. Following conclusions were obtained by analysing the changes of soft tissue and hard tissue before and after treatment. 1. Hard tissue measurements that showed significant changes before and after treatment were horizontal and angular changes of maxillary incisor, horizontal,vertical and angular changes of mandibular incisor, overjet, overbite, interincisal angle, mandibular repositioning, A,B, skeletal convexity and soft tissue measurements that showed significant changes were horizontal, thickness and angular changes of upper lip, horizontal and angular changes of lower lip, interlabial angle, nasolabial angle labiomental angle, Sri, Ss, Si and soft tissue convexity(P<0.05). 2. All Soft tissue measurements changed significantly before and after treatment had between one and four hard tissue independent variables at statistically significant level, indicating that all soft tissue changes were direct relationship with hard tissue changes 3. Ova jet, horizontal change of maxillary incisor, horizontal change of maxillary root apex and horizontal change of pogonion entered into prediction equations most frequentely indicating that they were more significant variables in prediction of vertical and horizontal changes in the soft tissue with treatment, but vertical changes of mandibular incisor not entered any prediction equations, indicating that it was not considered a good predictor for soft tissue changes with maxillary incisor retraction. 4. Horizontal and vertical changes in subnasale were found to have most independent variables, significant at the 0.05 level in prediction-equations(${\Delta}$Sn(H):Ur, Is(H), Pg(H), UIA,${\Delta}$Sn(V): Is(H), Pg(H), overjet, A), indicating that subnasale changes are influenced by complex hard tissue interaction. 5. Multiple correlation coefficient($R^2$) of the soft tissue prediction equations ranges from 0.2-0.6.

• Nuclear industry
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.43-49
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• 2016

• Nuclear industry
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.37-42
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• 2016