• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2003

E. coli could cause a variety of different types of diseases, including diarrhea, urinal infection, peritonitis and infant septicemia. Ninety two E. coli strains (12.4%) were isolated among 742 seafood products in Seoul Garak fishery market from January to December in 2001. These isolates were serotyped as O24, O25, O29, O78, O112, O136, O146, O159, O166 and O168. Most E. coli strains were isolated from molluscs (28.1%), shellfishes (14.5%), fishes (10.4%) and crustaceans (4.7%) in summer. Therefore, we knew that E. coli could be contaminated in various seafood products.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.325-326
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• 2001

참전복은 그동안의 연구에서 그 적수온이 2$0^{\circ}C$에서 23$^{\circ}C$ 사이로 알려져왔다. 그러나, 이 종이 무척추 연체동물로서 개체의 순화 수온과 서식 환경에 따라서 그 적수온이 다소 차이가 있을 것으로 예상된다 실제 전 실험의 결과 참전복 치패가 온도에 대한 높은 내성을 가지는 것으로 미루어 보아, 알려진 적수온보다 다소 높은 온도에서도 성장이 원활할 것으로 기대된다. (중략)

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.183-190
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• 2011

Loan amount of housing mortgage is composed of various factors. This study paper studies focuses on estimating the determinants of a loan amount of housing mortgage. The region for analysis consist of seven groups, that is, metropolitan city (such as Busan, Daegu, Incheon, Gwangiu, Daejeon, Ulsan.) and Seoul. Analyzing period be formed over a 45 time points(2007. 01.~ 2010. 09). In this paper the dependent variable setting up loan amount of housing mortgage, explanatory(independent) variables are composed of the consumer price index, unemployment rate, average monthly household income per household, expenditure rate of health care, composite stock price index and overdue rate of household loans for commercial bank. In looking at the factors which determine loan amount of housing mortgage, evidence was produced supporting the hypothesis that there is a significant positive relationship between the consumer price index and unemployment rate. The study also produced evidence supporting the view that there is a significant negative relationship between expenditure rate of health care. The study found that average monthly household income per household, expenditure, composite stock price index and overdue rate of household loans for commercial bank were not significant variables. The implications of these findings are discussed for further research.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.179-183
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• 1980

The efficiency of energy transfer by a population of the farmed pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas was studied during culture period of 10 months July 1979-April 1980, in Geoje-Hansan Bay near Chungmu City. Energy use by the farmed oyster population was calculated from estimates of half-a-month unit age specific natural mortality rate and data on growth, gonad output, shell organic matter production and respiration. Total mortality during the culture period was estimated approximate $36\%$ from data on survivor individual number per cluster. Growth may be dual consisted of a curved line during the first half culture period (July-November) and a linear line in the later half period (December-April). The first half growth was approximated by the von Bertalanffy growth model; shell height, $SH=6.33\;(1-e^{0.2421(t+0.54)})$, where t is age in half-a-month unit. In the later half growth period shell height was related to t by SH=4.44+0.14t. Dry meat weight (DW) was related to shell height by log $DW=-2.2907+2.589{\cdot}log\;SH,\;(2, and/or log $DW=-5.8153+7.208{\cdot}log\;SH,\;(5. Size specific gonad output (G) as calculated by condition index of before and after the spawning season, was related to shell height by $G=0.0145+(3.95\times10^{-3}{\times}SH^{2.9861})$. Shell organic matter production (SO) was related to shell height by log $SO=-3.1884+2.527{\cdot}1og\;SH$. Size and temperature specific respiration rate (R) as determined in biotron system with controlled temperature, was related to dry meat weight and temperature (T) by log $R=(0.386T-0.5381)+(0.6409-0.0083T){\cdot}log\;DW$. The energy used in metabolism was calculated from size, temperature specific respiration and data on body composition. The calorie contents of oyster meat were estimated by bomb calorimetry based on nitrogen correction. The assimilation efficiency of the oyster estimated directly by a insoluble crude silicate method gave $55.5\%$. From the information presently available by other workers, the assimilation efficiency ranges between $40\%\;and\;70\%$. Twenty seven point four percent of the filtered food material expressed by energy value for oyster population was estimated to have been rejected as pseudofaeces : $17.2\%$ was passed as faeces; $35.04\%$ was respired and lost as heat; $0.38\%$ was bounded up in shell organics; $2.74\%$ was released as gonad output, $2.06\%$ was fell as meat reducing by mortality. The remaining $15.28\%$ was used as meat production. The net efficiency of energy transfer from assimilation to meat production (yield/assimilation) of a farm population of the oyster was estimated to be $28\%$ during culture period July 1979-April 1980. The gross efficiency of energy transfer from ingestion to meat production (yield/food filtered) is probably between $11\%\;and\;20\%$.

• Journal of Korean Classical Literature and Education
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• no.34
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• pp.149-191
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• 2017

This study examines Korean language translations of traditional Chinese hansi in the 1910s and 1920s. In the $20^{th}$ century, many poets translated Chinese and Korean traditional hansi into Korean. In the early $20^{th}$ century, Korean language began to be used as a national public language. At that time, not only hansi but also poetry from several other languages had been translated into Korean. Choi Nam-sun in the 1910s and Kim So-woel, Kim Eok, and Lee Kwang-su in the 1920s translated Chinese traditional hansi, focusing on famous Dang dynasty poetry from Tu Fu and Li Bai, etc. Choi Nam-sun's translation in the 1910s aimed to consider poetry as a written literature. On the contrary, Kim So-woel, Kim Eok, and Lee Kwang-su believed that Korean modern verse literature should be songs as well as poetry, and their translations in the 1920s aimed to create songs as spoken literature by focusing on orality and universality. Though Korean is now the language, the literary history of hansi continues in modern poetry.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.128-138
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• 2019

Effects of feeding type and food resource availability on community structure of mollusks inhabiting hard-bottom subtidal areas were investigated. By following guidance from several references, mollusks observed in this study were divided into 5 groups according to feeding type - 1) grazing, 2) filter feeding, 3) deposit feeding, 4) omnivorous and 5) predation. The results showed that both grazing and filter feeders were the most numerous, explaining grazing type in the East Sea accounting for 47.9%, 32.6% in the South Sea and 29.6% for filter feeding, and filter feeding as a dominant feeding type in Yellow Sea accounting for 42.3%. Results of this study showed distinctive difference in community structure depending on mechanism of feeding type and geographical areas where sampling took place. With the results, attempts were made to understand whether community structure could be affected by feeding type or feeding availability and found out that community structure depended heavily on food resource availability. In the East Sea where marine algal density was high, the algal community in the forms of thick-leathery and sheet often occurred in water column with high transparency which provides proper environment for growth. In the South Sea where grazing and filter feeding types were predominated similarly, the algal density was high, but had the relative highest phytoplankton density. Whereas in the Yellow Sea showing the lowest algal biomass compared to the one in the East and the South Sea, and phytoplankton density was similar to those. It might be a adequate environment for filter feeders than grazers. This study concluded that community structure of mollusks showing high abundance was present where food resource availability with types and quantity was high.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.213-226
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• 2005

Adverse selection is a heavily scrutinized subject within the financial intermediary industry. Consensus is reached regarding its effect on the loan interest rate. Despite the similar features of financial service offered by the credit card, we still have controversy regarding credit card interest rate on how is adverse selection incurred with the change of interest rate. Thus, this paper explores how does the adverse selection, if ever, take place and affect the credit card interest rate. Information asymmetry regarding the credit card users' type represented by the default probability is assumed. The users are assumed to be rational in that they want to minimize the per unit dollar expense associated with the commercial transaction and financing between the two typical payment methods, cash and credit card. Suppliers, i.e. credit card companies, would like to maximize their profit and would be better off with more pervasive use of credit cards over the cash. Then we could show that the increasing credit card interest rate is subject to the adverse selection, sharing the same tenet with that of the bank loan interest rate proposed by Stiglitz and Weiss. Hence the current theory predicts that credit card market also suffers from adverse selection with increasing interest rate.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.113-119
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• 2009

Artificial induction of maturation by heating of the hard clam, Meretrix petechiails (Lamarck) broodstock was investigated from 25 May to 30 June in 2008. We experimented maturation by keeping the breeding water temperature at 20, 25 and $30^{\circ}C$ and as the natural water temperature and found the following results. In case of the female, maturation was the quickest in the experiment group of $30^{\circ}C$ and the maturation tended to be slower as the water temperature was lower. The similar trend was displayed among the male. At experiment completion, maturation induction rate was found to be the highest at 46.0% in the experiment group of $30^{\circ}C$ followed by 35.0% in the experiment group of $15^{\circ}C$, 18.0% in the experiment group of natural water temperature and 12.0% in the experiment group of $20^{\circ}C$. During the period of the experiment, the survival rate was of 90% or more in all groups.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.315-318
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• 1998

This study was conducted to clarify the acclimatization rate and ploidy level of anther culture-derived plants in broccoli. The acclimatization rate from 71.4 to 100% was obtained from 7 varieties in 2 years. It was possible to identify the ploidy of the Plants obtained through anther culture by measuring the number of chloroplast in the guard cell. The average numbers of chloroplasts per guard cell in haploid diploid, and tetraploid were 8.5, 13.5 and 18.5, respectively. The regenerated plants could be classified based on these results into 47.1-51.3% of haploids, 47.9∼51.7%, diploid, and 0.8∼l.2% of tetraploids.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.111-115
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• 2003

This study was practiced to investigate characteristics and antibiotics susceptibility to 296 isolates of Escherichia coli isolated from 2429 fishery samples sold in Noryangjin Fishery Market from Sep. 2001 to Aug. 2002 It showed 12.2% average E. coli isolation rates for the tested samples. Isolation rates were high in summer, especially July and August, but there was no isolate in winter season. Of the fishery groups, the isolation rate showed in crustacea(15.6%), in mollusca(14.4%), in shellfish(12.0%) and in fish(11.0%). But, differences between the fishery groups was not large. In the case of shellfish, the isolation rate of shucked shellfish (16.3%) was higher than the non-shucked shellfish (6.8%). Following the provinces of origin of the fishery samples, in Gyung-Nam (14.3%) showed the highest isolation rate, whereas Je-Ju (6.9%) showed the lowest isolation rate. Results in 12 kinds of antibiotics susceptibility test, the 169 isolates(57.1%) had antibiotics resistances at least one kind of antibiotics and the 104 isolates (35.1%) had the multiple resistance at least two kinds.