• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 1995

Background: Tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis can be diagnosed by clinical findings, chest X-ray, Mantoux test, but confirmed only by excisional biopsy. The polymerase chain reaction(PCR) is now widely applied to test very small amount of pathogen and would be used to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis in biopsied tissues and fine needle aspirates. Method: We carried out the PCR using IS-1 and IS-2 primers in 16 samples from tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis patients, and 13 samples from non-tuberculous cervical lymphadenopathy patients. Acid fast staining and culture for Mycobacterium were all negative. Results: All of 8 pathologically confirmed tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis samples showed positive PCR results, and of 5/8 clinically diagnosed samples were positive. None of 6 pathologically excluded samples were positive, and among 7 clinically undiagnosed samples 2 showed positive PCR results. Conclusion: In patients with suspected tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis, PCR could be used to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis using biopsied tissues and even fine needle aspirates with good sensitivity and specificity.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.113-119
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• 2008

Purpose: This study investigated whether a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located at position -2 in the Kozak sequence of the TFF1 gene is associated with H. pylori infection and the development of gastric cancer in Koreans. Materials and Methods: We enrolled 167 patients with gastric cancer from January 2000 to December 2003 and also 299 healthy controls during the same period. The genotype of the TFF1 SNP was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and single strand conformation polymorphism. We also examined the H. pylori infection by Giemsa staining. Results: No significant difference in the allele or the TFF1 SNP genotype frequency was observed between the patients with gastric cancer and the control subjects (P=0.595 and P=0.715, respectively). When stratified by the histological subtype of gastric cancer and the age of the patients, the risk was not statistically significant between the two study groups (P=0.088 and P=0.551, respectively). H. pylori infection was detected in 39 cases and it was not associated with the TFF1 genotype. Conclusion: These findings suggest that this TFF1 gene polymorphism is not associated with H. pylori infection and gastric cancer in Koreans and so it doesn't contribute to the susceptibility to gastric cancer in Koreans.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.231-242
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• 2020

In the case of damages caused by personal information infringement accidents caused by information infringer such as hackers, the information subject will usually claim damages to the information controller rather than the information infringer who is the perpetrator, and the information controller who has been claimed will claim damages again to the information security enterprise that has entrusted the information protection business. These series of claims for damages, which are expected to be carried out between the information subject, the information controller and the information security enterprise, are nothing but quarrels for transferring of liability among themselves who are also victims of infringement. So the problem of damage compensation should be discussed from the perspective of multi-faceted rational distribution of the damages among the subjects who make up the information security industry ecosystem rather than the conventional approach. In addition, due to the nature of personal information infringement accidents, if a large amount of personal information infringement occurs, the amount of compensation can be large enough to affect the survival of the company and so this study insist that a concrete and realistic alternatives for society to share damages is needed.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.276-281
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• 2014

Necessities of a traffic means work a car in the modern society human to an usability of a life is enjoying. On the other hand, the damage by traffic accident increment the human quotient worked as we were in proportion to the vehicle which increased. Passing an examination moves necessarily on an obstacle to suddenly appear at the fronts if a car travels and the vehicles which stopped suddenly. Dynamic passing an examination about an obstacle turn on Vehicle Emergency Lamp to by hand when is unhurried, and can turn off, but to appear urgently dynamic passing an examination in time human is instinctive, but cannot inform an emergency to a back vehicle, and a rear-end collision occurs. A car we synthesize a speed of a vehicle, and this unit analyzes as we use GPS, and to drive runs Vehicle Emergency Lamp to automatic in the situations that shall turn on emergencies etc. If a speed of a vehicle continuously slows down in too high-speed driving or low-speed driving, or we are stopped, Vehicle Emergency Lamp is always turned on. It was built if we rise again as clearing itself from risk, and a speed of a vehicle judges, and we turn off Vehicle Emergency Lamp to automatic. It runs till rear-end collision sensor operates, and by hand reset does Vehicle Emergency Lamp a driving vehicle collides from behind to a back vehicle or when a driving vehicle was overthrown. It is shortened very much to the chain rear-end collision traffic accident that is a traffic accident of large size if we use this unit. And we did authentication through the experiment which a driver was helpful to unnecessary operation and a relaxed safe driving during drivings.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.587-596
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• 2006

Most of oral streptococci express the Antigen I/II (AgI/II) proteins, cell wall anchored adhesions. AgI/II protein binds to salivary agglutinin glycoprotein, a component of tooth pellicle and to ligands in other bacteria. These associations play important roles in bacterial colonization. Recently, it was reported that diverse host molecules also interact with AgI/II protein and that these interactions induce inflammatory responses from host cells. Among mutans streptococci containing -type hemolytic activity, Streptococcus mutans is a causative agent for dental caries. Compared with many other strains of S. mutans, GS-5 strain is unique in that this bacterium expresses truncated secretory AgI/II protein due to the nonsense mutation in the agI/II gene. This indicates that S. mutans GS-5 has a different clinical role and a recent report supported this idea based on the results from clinically isolated S. mutans strains. Previously, we had cloned agI/II gene from S. mutans GS-5 and generated recombinant N-terminal AgI/II protein. In this study, we further produced a hybridoma line expressing anti-AgI/II monoclonal antibodies named as 1C11A. This antibody showed high sensitivity to AgI/II protein in Western blot and ELISA. This new reagent will provide a basis for investigating the mechanisms of AgI/II-related diseases.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.439-447
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• 2004

The aim of this study is to survey the frequency of mutans streptococci species and biotypes isolated from dental plaque in Korean children and the relationship between species and biotypes of mutans streptococci and dft index. Dental plaques were collected from the anterior and molar teeth of upper and lower jaws in the subjects, aged below 12 years old. A dental examination was performed for dft (decayed, filled, total) with the WHO caries diagnostic criteria. The mutans streptococci from the sample were cultured selectively on mitis salivarius-bacitracine (MSB) agar plate. For biotyping of mutans streptococci, biochemical test was performed. From the culture, bacterial genomic DNA was prepared for using of PCR template for the identification of mutans streptococci at the species-level. Forty strains of mutans streptococci were isolated from dental plagues of 40 patients. The biotype I (45%) and biotype IV (32.5%) were most frequently detected. The prevalence of S. mutans and S. sobrinus was 69% and 31%, respectively. There was no positive relationship between species and biotypes of mutans streptococci and dft index. Our results revealed that biotype I and S. mutans were frequently detected in Korean children and support that dental caries incidents by many causative factors not only bacterial factor.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.73-82
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• 2008

Dental caries is an infectious disease caused by mutans streptococci, and is a primary etiologic agent of dental caries in humans. The molecular pathogenesis of mutans streptococcal-associated dental caries occurs in three phases. Firstly, S. mutans attaches to tooth surface via a cell surface adhesion termed antigen I/II. In the second phase, the glucosyltransferase(GTFs) synthesize polymers like glucans in the presence of sucrose. In the third phase, the multivalent glucans interacts with glucan binding proteins (GBPs) and they make dental plaque and accumulation of microorganisms. Many studies and clinical trials have indicated that a mucosal immune response to these antigens(Ag I/II, GTFs, GBPs) of S. mutans can influence the pathogenesis of dental caries. So these antigens can be important vaccine candidates for immunologic intervention against dental caries. In this study, we cloned the genes for GTFb, GTFc, GTFd from S. mutans GS-5 and did the nucleotide sequence analysis. And the recombinant proteins of GTFd and N-terminus of GTFd were expressed. Intact GTF which we get from this experiment can be used for antibody production specific for any GTF activity domain through animal experiment.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.128-133
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• 2003

Purpose: The benefits of the 'no-touch' isolation techniquethat is usually performed to prevent the circulation of tumor cells are not evident. The aim of this study was to determine whether the no-touch isolation technique for treating gastrointestinal cancers could prevent the circulation of tumor cells detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Matrials and Methods: By using RT-PCR to amplify mRNAs for two specific epithelial markers, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cytokeratin 20 (CK-20), we examined 34 gastric cancer patients who had been histologically diagnosed and 22 patients had undergone serosal and peritoneal brushing. Results: In 10 ($29.4\%$) of the 34 gastric cancer patients, we detected CK20 mRNA before manipulation, and in 17 ($51.5\%$) of those patients, after we detected it. The density of the CK20 mRNA band was increased in 11 cases ($33.3\%$) and the density was decreased in 2 cases ($6.1\%$). In 16 ($48.5\%$) of the 34 gastric cancer patients, we detected CEA mRNA before manipulation, and in 17 ($51.5\%$) patients after we detected it. The density of the CEA mRNA band was increased in 8 cases ($24.2\%$) and decreased in 3 cases ($9.1\%$). Conclusion: These result suggest that the ' no-touch isolation technique ' might be useful when operating on advanced gastric cancer patients and that serosal or Douglas pouch brushing can be used to determine the status of micrometastasis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.699-708
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• 2000

Background : A presumptive histopathologic diagnosis of tuberculosis is commonly based on the finding of acid-fast bacilli upon microscopic examination of a diagnostic specimens. Although this traditional histochemical staining method is satisfactory, it is time-consuming and not species-specific. For more specific assessment, in situ hybridization assay with oligonucleotide probes is introduced. Methods : The human surgical specimens were obtained from tuberculosis patients, and experimental specimens were made by injecting cultured M. tuberculosis organisms into fresh rat liver. Oligonucleotide probes complementary to ribosomal RNA portion were synthesized and labeled with multiple biotin molecules. For a rapid detection, all procedures were carried out using manual capillary action technology on the Microprobe staining system. Results : The in situ hybridization assay produced a positive reaction in experimental specimens (80-90% sensitivity) after pepsin-HCl pre-treatment for a good permeabilization of probes, but reliable result was not obtained from human surgical specimens. Conclusion : It is, therefore, suggested that biotin-labeled oligonucleotide probes have considerable potential for identification and in situ detection of M. tuberculosis but, there are some barriers to overcome for the diagnostic use of this method.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.266-271
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• 2005

Background : Ethambutol(EMB) is one of the first-line drugs included in short-course anti-tuberculosis therapy. The point mutations in embB gene have been speculated to be associated EMB resistance. However, detection of embB mutations at these positions have been observed in both EMB-susceptible isolates; thus, it remains controversial whether these mutations are associated with EMB resistance Methods : The 36 M. tuberculosis isolates were selected from clinical isolates which tested susceptible to EMB and resistant to at least one drug. DNA extracted from the isolates was analyzed by amplifying embB gene. The PCR products were purified and directly sequenced. We reviewed the history of past drug susceptibility test results. Results : Out of 36 EMB-susceptible strains, 3 strains (8.3%) had a mutation in codon 306 or 406 of the embB gene. These three strains had at least isoniazid resistance. They grew at 1.0 mcg/ml of EMB in Lowenstein-Jensen media. The patients of the strains were continuously smear-positive for over 3 years despite taking TB therapy. One strain had been EMB-resistant in past drug susceptibility tests. Conclusion : EMB-susceptible strains containing embB mutation may be caused by decreased viability in vitro test not by itself.