• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.109-113
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• 2012

One hundred seventy four Streptococcus pneumoniae clinical isolates were categorized depending on the types of specimens, the age and the gender, respectively. All isolates were analyzed the characteristics of the multi-drug resistance including levofloxacin antibiotics. In the results of analysis depending on the type of samples, it had been confirmed that sputum was the main source of pneumonia infection because 156 of 174 strains (89.7%) were isolated in sputum samples. The opportunity for isolating the S. pneumoniae that had tolerance to levofloxacin was increased in over 51 age patients group compared with other age and male group. Eight strains of isolates were evaluated higher resistant to levofloxacin, and those also showed multi-drug resistant including penicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. In the results of sequence analysis of quinolone resistance determining region in SP32 (MIC $64{\mu}g/mL$) and SP96 (MIC $8{\mu}g/mL$) which were levofloxacin resistant strains, an amino acid substitutions were found Ser-81$\rightarrow$Phe in both GyrA of SP32 and SP96, and Ser-11$\rightarrow$Gly in only SP96. A Ser-79$\rightarrow$Phe substitution of ParC was found in both.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.439-445
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• 2017

In recent years, change in life patterns gave rise to an increase in the number of families with companion animals, and as a result, frequent dermatophytes infections have been reported. Microsporum canis, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Trichophyton verrucosum, are among these species of zoophilic dermatophytes. Trichophyton mentagrophytes are transmitted to humans by contact with wild animals. Infection from it causes strong inflammation in humans. Conversely, Trichophyton verrucosum is transmitted by contact with cattles. Microsporum canis will become latent carriers in cats or dogs, causing infectious diseases when it comes in contact with humans. We investigated zoophilic dermatophytes isolated according to annual, sex, age, season, body sites, and clinical types between 2010 and 2016. According to our results, the isolation rate of zoophilic dermatophytes was 0.37%, among which, 88 T. mentagrophytes, 228 Microsporum canis, and 18 Trichophyton verrucosum were isolated in human. It is interesting to note that Microsporum canis has been on the rise since 2014. Microsporum canis and Trichophyton verrucosum were highly isolated in females, but T. mentagrophytes was isolated similarly in both sexes. According to an age-based survey, the isolation rate was higher in children younger than 10 years. Our results is a valuable data for predicting and studying the isolation of zoophilic dermatophytes in the future.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.45-51
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• 2005

This paper emphasizes on the accomplishment of compensated proton density image and T2 weighted image taken from the shrinkage surface of the Brain. From the images, the Brain's surface shrinkage in the normal image and the surface shrinkage in the abnormal image can be observed. After the separation of white matter, gray matter, and CSF, this algorithm calculates the volume of each of them automatically. Results are subdivided into particular ages and saved in the database to be analyzed and to be processed statistically. Therefore, by using this algorithm the normal and abnormal stages can be detected in the early stages to diagnose. This result easily discernment Alzheimer patient and is useful for Alzheimer diagnostic and early detection.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.104-114
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• 1998

Purpose : Enteroviruses are the most common cause of aseptic meningitis. The epidemics of aseptic meningitis in 1993 and 1996 were mostly caused by echovirus type 9. Identification of the causative virus of aseptic meningitis in epidemics, is very important not only for diagnosis but also for epidemiologic purpose. The purpose of this study was to identify the causative virus and investigate the relationship between aseptic meningitis, prevailed in Masan and surrounding areas in Kyoungsangnamdo in 1997, and its clinical manifestations. Methods : One hundred twenty eight cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) and 239 stool specimens were obtained from 239 patients(213 children and 26 adult patients) with aseptic meningitis were admitted to Masan Fatima Hospitals from March to October 1997. Viral isolation and serotype identification was performed by cell culture and immunofluorescent test. Enteroviruses not typed by immunofluorescent test was confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). Results : 1) The peak incidence was noted in June. 2) The age of 239 patients(pediatrics-213 cases, internal medicine-26 cases) that were diagnosed ranged from neonate to 35 years, the age of the patients of pediatrics ranged from neonate to 15years(mean 4.9 years), the age of the patients of internal medicine (above 16 years) ranged from 16 years to 35 years(mean 24.2 years). 3) Fifty-three(41.4%) of 128 CSF specimens were positive for enteroviruses, and 163(68.2%) of 239 stool specimens were positive for enteroviruses respectively. 4) Serotypes of 53 enteroviruses isolated from CSF were 16(30.2%) of echovirus type 30, 6(11.3%) of echovirus type 6, 1 of echovirus type 4, 4 of untyped echovirus, 1 of coxsackievirus type B5, and 24 isolates of untyped enteroviruses. Of 163 enterovirus isolated from stool were 72(44.2%) of echovirus type 30, 21(12.9%) of echovirus type 6, 1 of echovirus type 4, 17(10.4%) of undetermined subtyped echovirus, 1 of coxsackievirus type B5, 2 of A24, 3 of undetermined subtyped coxsackievirus type B, and 46 isolates of untyped enterovirus. Conclusion : There were epidemics of aseptic meningitis in the central areas of Kyoungsangnamdo from March to October 1997. The main causative organism was thought to be the echovirus type 30, and echovirus type 4, 6, coxsackievirus B5 and A24 were also thought to contribute to the epidemics.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.262-272
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• 2000

As a part of investigation for basic epidemiology of diarrheogenic disease, we attempted isolation of Escherichia coli from patients with diarrhea. Seven hundred and twenty-one strains of E. coli were isolated from 1,239 patients with diarrhea. Seasonal distribution of patient with diarrhea was shown the most high at August (18.2%). Age group distribution of patient was shown the most high at children (54.6%, 2 to 10 years old). The serotypes of 721 E. coli isolates were in order of serotype O44 (16.8%), O153 (8.6%), O1 (7.5%), O166(5.7%), O8 and O86a (4.7%), and O125 (4.6%). The supernates cultured 36 strains among 721 E. coli isolates were indicated cytotoxicity against monolayered Vero cells. All of the isolates were susceptible to amikacin. The isolates were resistant in order of novobiocin (99.0%), moxalactam (97.1%), carbenicillin (96.1%), tetracycline (90.4%), ampicillin (85.9%), gentamicin (84.0%), streptomycin (78.4%), cephalothin (46.6%) and polymyxin B (4.2%). In the antibiotic resistant patterns, 125 kinds of multiple resistance patterns of E. coli isolates were detected. The highest resistant pattern was ampicillin-carbenicillin-chloramphenicol-cephalothin-erythro-mycin- gentamicin-moxalactam-novobiocin-penicillin G-streptomycin-tobramycin-tetracycline-tri methoprim type (24.3%).

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.620-626
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• 2004

Viruses causing acute conjuntivitis were isolated from 675 patients carrying eye infections for year 2001 to 2003 in Busan reagion and their antigenic properties characterized by a serological survey. In 2001, adenoviruses (serotype 8) were found in 5 of 48 cases. In 2002, the isolated viruses were 7 adenoviruses (serotype 8 and 37), 8 coxsakieviruses (serotype A24 and B3) and 1 echoviruses (serotype 6) from 324 specimens that are known as the causative agents of acute hemorrhagic conjuctivitis (AHC). In 2003, 25 case of 303 specimens were 7 adenoviruses (serotype 3, 4, 8 and 37), 7 echoviruses (serotype 6 and 7) and 4 untypable enteroviruses. Although coxsakievirus (serotype B3) and echoviruses (serotype 6 and 7) were generally known as causative agent of aseptic meningitis, it hasn't been reported until now that they were isolated from the conjunctival swabs. The out break of AC was observed from April to October in Busan. These isolated viruses showed a strong cytophatic effects on HEp-2, RD, Vero and BGM cell strains. Analysis of electron micrograph of those viruses showed that adenovirus consists of a 80 nm diameter and nonenvloped icosahedron and then echovirus and coxsackievirus were small nonenveloped and isometric-shaped viruses. Adenovirus showing a cytophatic effect was resulted in a 458 bp single band by PCR and echovirus, coxsackievirus and untypable enterovirus were detected a 437 bp products by RT-PCR.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.2516-2522
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• 2009

The data which analyze the results of blood cultures are crucial basic information of the empirical therapy for patients with infection since the patterns of the species of microorganism isolated from blood and the results of antibiotic susceptibility test vary depending upon patients general features. Especially, in case of ESBL-producing bacteria, there is a close relation with use of antibiotics. Therefore, we carried out the research with the results of blood culture and antibiotic. 1. Total 39,305 cases of blood culture samples were investigated and positive patients of 2,216 (20.0%) were found. Among those, there were 40 patients with ESBL positive, and blood culture positive samples were 4,798 (12.2%). ESBL positive bacteria were found in 86 samples (including double checked culture bacteria). 2. The majority of ESBL producing bacteria were E. coli, K. pneumoniae and K. oxitoca as ordering based on the number. 3. The research showed the results that there were more females than male with the bacterias, more E. coli in over 50 years old aged group than other bacterias, more K. pneumoniae and K.oxitoca in less 1 year old aged group than other bacterias and largest numbers of patients with 13 patients (32.5%) in Chungcheongnam-do province were found. 4. The most common ESBL producing bacteria were E. coli throughout 3 years, but K, pneumoniae and K. oxitoca were also fairly found. Interestingly, E. coli was highly found in over 50 years old patients.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.147-157
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• 2020

Purpose: We investigated the trend of antibiotic susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae over 5 consecutive years. Methods: We analyzed the antibiotic susceptibility of H. influenzae isolated from children aged <18 years, who were admitted to the Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital from March 2014 to April 2019. Antibiotic susceptibility of H. influenzae was determined by the disk diffusion test according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing guidelines. Results: Excluding duplicates, 69 isolates were obtained over the past 5 years. The median age of the patients was 5 years (range, 2.8-8.6 years). The antibiotic susceptibility patterns were as follows: ampicillin (AMP)-susceptible/amoxicillin-clavulanate (AMC)-susceptible (AS/ACS; n=15 [21.7%]), AMP-resistant/AMC-susceptible (AR/ACS; n=21 [30.4%]), and AMP-resistant/AMC-resistant (AR/ACR; n=33 [47.8%]). The prevalence of isolates with AR/ACR phenotype tended to increase from 42.1% in 2014-2015 to 54.5% in 2018-2019 (P=0.342). Compared to 2014-2015, the resistance rates to cefuroxime and ceftriaxone in 2018-2019 increased from 31.6% to 77.3% and from 0.0% to 59.1%, respectively (P=0.003 and P<0.001, respectively). Conclusions: Over the last 5 years, H. influenzae isolates with AR/ACR phenotype and ceftriaxone resistance were frequently observed at our institute. The incidence of resistance to cefuroxime and ceftriaxone has increased significantly.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.158-169
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• 2004

Purpose : Although influenza is one of the most important cause of acute respiratory tract infections in children, virus isolation is not popular and there are only a few clinical studies on influenza and diagnostic methods. We evaluated the epidemiological and clinical features of influenza in children and rapid antigen detection test(QuickVue influenza test) on fist half of the year 2004 in Busan. Methods : From January 2004 to June 2004, throat swab and nasal secretion were obtained and cultured for the isolation of influenza virus and tested by rapid antigen detection test(QuickVue influenza test) in children with suspected influenza infections. The medical records of patients with influenza virus infection were reviewed retrospectively. Results : Influenza viruses were isolated in 79(17.2%) out of 621 patients examined. Influenza virus was isolated mainly from March to April 2004. The ratio of male and female with influenza virus infection was 1.2 : 1 with median age of 4 years 6month. The most common clinical diagnosis of influenza virus infection was bronchitis. There was no difference between influenza A and B infection in clinical diagnosis and symptoms. All patients recovered without severe complication. The sensitivity obtained for rapid antigen detection test (QuickVue influenza test) was 93.6% and the specificity was 80.2%, the positive predictive value 40.8%, the negative predictive value 98.8%. Conclusion : With rapid antigen detection test, it is possible early detection of influenza in children. reduction in use of antimicrobial agent and early use of antiviral agent.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.3 no.2 s.5
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• pp.23-41
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• 1988

Two hundred and eighty-six strains of Salmonella species were isolated from the twelve provincial institutes of health and 19 general hospitals of urban and rural areas in Korea from January to December in 1986. The antimicrobial susceptibility test of these cultures was done by the method of agar diluton. The resistance frequency of Salmonella cultures was $29.7\%$. Among these resistant cultures, the most provalent resistance pattern of Salmonella was ampicillin, carbenicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, streptomycin, and its resistance frequency was $15\%$. In plasmid profile of resistance strains, average number of plasmid harboring in Salmonella was 1-4 and molecular weight of plasmid ranged 1.6 to 70 megadalton (Md.). Plasmid pattern of strains isolated from Seoul and Kang-won showed the same or similar profiles. Plasmid pattern was identical in the same resistance pattern.