• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.193-202
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• 2014

This study was attempted in order to measure the level of Korean people's social capital and their multicultural acceptance, and to explain the relationship between the sub-factors of social capital(trust, reciprocity, and participation) and the multicultural acceptance. Furthermore, this study aimed to examine the relative influence of the sub-factors of social capital on the multicultural acceptance and to suggest which social capitals should be reinforced. Data on 'social capital' and 'multicultural acceptance' used in this study were obtained from the data of the 8th Korean General Social Survey (KGSS) in 2010. The results of analyses are as follows. First, social capital was lower with increase in age (F=28.18, p<.001), and higher with increase in academic qualification (F=15.49, p<.001), and total household income (F=8.85, p<.001). Second, the multicultural acceptance was higher in men (t=9.98, p<01) and lower with increase in age (F=27.29, p<.001), and higher with increase in academic qualification (F=28.99, p<.001), and total household income (F=11.92, p<.001). Third, among the three social capital factors influencing the multicultural acceptance, 'trust' was found to have a significant positive (+) effect. Based on these results were suggested various strategies for enhancing Korean people's multicultural acceptance.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.104-114
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• 1998

Purpose : Enteroviruses are the most common cause of aseptic meningitis. The epidemics of aseptic meningitis in 1993 and 1996 were mostly caused by echovirus type 9. Identification of the causative virus of aseptic meningitis in epidemics, is very important not only for diagnosis but also for epidemiologic purpose. The purpose of this study was to identify the causative virus and investigate the relationship between aseptic meningitis, prevailed in Masan and surrounding areas in Kyoungsangnamdo in 1997, and its clinical manifestations. Methods : One hundred twenty eight cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) and 239 stool specimens were obtained from 239 patients(213 children and 26 adult patients) with aseptic meningitis were admitted to Masan Fatima Hospitals from March to October 1997. Viral isolation and serotype identification was performed by cell culture and immunofluorescent test. Enteroviruses not typed by immunofluorescent test was confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). Results : 1) The peak incidence was noted in June. 2) The age of 239 patients(pediatrics-213 cases, internal medicine-26 cases) that were diagnosed ranged from neonate to 35 years, the age of the patients of pediatrics ranged from neonate to 15years(mean 4.9 years), the age of the patients of internal medicine (above 16 years) ranged from 16 years to 35 years(mean 24.2 years). 3) Fifty-three(41.4%) of 128 CSF specimens were positive for enteroviruses, and 163(68.2%) of 239 stool specimens were positive for enteroviruses respectively. 4) Serotypes of 53 enteroviruses isolated from CSF were 16(30.2%) of echovirus type 30, 6(11.3%) of echovirus type 6, 1 of echovirus type 4, 4 of untyped echovirus, 1 of coxsackievirus type B5, and 24 isolates of untyped enteroviruses. Of 163 enterovirus isolated from stool were 72(44.2%) of echovirus type 30, 21(12.9%) of echovirus type 6, 1 of echovirus type 4, 17(10.4%) of undetermined subtyped echovirus, 1 of coxsackievirus type B5, 2 of A24, 3 of undetermined subtyped coxsackievirus type B, and 46 isolates of untyped enterovirus. Conclusion : There were epidemics of aseptic meningitis in the central areas of Kyoungsangnamdo from March to October 1997. The main causative organism was thought to be the echovirus type 30, and echovirus type 4, 6, coxsackievirus B5 and A24 were also thought to contribute to the epidemics.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.253-277
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to clarify the spatial characteristics of the children's library and user's behavioral characteristics and to empirically analyze the difference in preference of the spatial characteristics based on the using behaviors. For doing this, this study selected 16 children's libraries in the country as a sampling institute and collected and analyzed 661 questionnaires targeting infants, and the lower and upper graders. The results of analysis are as follows. First, while there was a difference in the relation between the spatial characteristics and the user's characteristics according to ages and sexes, there was no difference in the developing stage. Second, there was a difference in the relation between the spatial characteristics and the using behaviors. Detailed results are as follows. While users who visit the library for reading prefer amenity and peacefulness, those who visit the library for other reasons prefer communication and territoriality. Children prefer diversity, peacefulness and communication when they visit in group rather than to visit individually. In terms of behavioral patterns, users who act quietly prefer diversity than those who act actively. Reading use frequency, as the number of times to visit increased, preference on esthetic sense, dynamics, flexibility, leisure, communication and territoriality increased, but preference on safety decreased. As the length of visit became longer, preference on diversity, self-esteem, peacefulness, dynamics and flexibility increased.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.148-155
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• 2012

A cross-sectional analysis of blood pressure (BP) changes and the current prevalence and distribution of hypertension among age groups in Korea were conducted. Systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), and pulse (PP) pressures were evaluated. Residents visiting a local Community Health Center for a health check-up and/or participating in the Health Promotion Program were included for the analyses. A total of 6,570 subjects (2,809 men, 3,761 women) were divided into five age groups: 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, and $70\leq$ years. Comparisons were made between sex and among age groups. SBP and DBP were continuously elevated, while men showed higher levels than women until their mid-60s; then, the trend was reversed. DBP in men became elevated from their 30s, reaching the highest in the 40s then slowly decreasing. DBP in women increased up to their 40s and 50s, then reached a plateau. PP increased rapidly from the 50s in both sexes. The major contributor of age-related BP elevation may be large artery stiffness in men, particularly from their 50s, while the blood pressure elevation of women may relate to diverse factors including large artery stiffness, stroke volume, and ventricular ejection rate. The rapid elevation of PP after the 50s in both men and women could represent a risk of cardiovascular or coronary mortality, particularly with increasing age. The current data showed a higher rate of hypertension in both sexes compared to previous reports. When those with both high-normal BP and hypertension are looked at in combination, BP management of the target population should be drastically elevated.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.296-302
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to assess the play and leisure status of children in Korea. The subjects of the study were 564 children in elementary, middle, and high school classes in four districts of Seoul and one rural district in Gyeonggi Province. We surveyed and analyzed the objects, time, place and cost of both play and leisure and investigated the differences according to age, region and sex. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, the children's play and leisure subjects were more likely to be friends than family members, and the proportion of fathers among the parents decreased with increasing age. Second, the children spent most of their play and leisure time on media related activities. Third, unlike in the past, the children's places of play and leisure were very diverse and included many adult or commercial places, such as cafes and karaoke studios. Fourth, there were no differences in the cost of play and leisure, depending on the age or sex of the children, but there were regional differences.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.255-267
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• 2010

The primary utilization of recently improved (U-Th)/He thermochronometry is to reveal the low-T thermal histories of shallow crustal sections or transient episodes (such as wildfires or meteorite impacts) because of the high sensitivity of He diffusion to temperature in host minerals. In this contribution, we present reviews and perspectives regarding how this method can be used to characterize the ejection-related shock metamorphism of Martian meteorites. The temperature conditions of shock metamorphism can be constrained through shock recovery experiments, paleomagnetism, and $^{40}Ar/^{39}Ar$ and (U-Th)/He dating. The most reliable constraints can be deduced when these independent approaches are combined. However, the thermal history of the ALH84001 Martian meteorite has been under serious debate because the different methods have yielded contrasting results. Recent work has shown how single-grain (U-Th)/He and $^{40}Ar/^{39}Ar$ dating, two noble-gas based thermochronometries with different T sensitivities, can be used to resolve this issue, providing a good example for future research on other meteorites.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.411-417
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• 2024

Renal ultrasound can detect kidney diseases by observing the size and shape of the kidneys, but its functional predictive value is relatively low. Kidney function can decrease by 20-30% without significant clinical changes or specific symptoms. This study aimed to confirm the limitations of renal ultrasound in functional aspects while acknowledging its usefulness in structural evaluation. It compared and analyzed the results of kidney function tests (serum creatinine, glomerular filtration rate, blood urea nitrogen, proteinuria, hematuria) according to age and gender in a normal group without structural abnormalities on renal ultrasound. In the comparison of kidney function tests by gender, differences were observed in BUN, Creatinine, GFR, and RBC, while no difference was found in Urine Protein, indicating functional differences between genders. Significant differences were observed in BUN and GFR across age groups, with GFR showing a decreasing trend with increasing age. Between genders, significant differences were found in BUN, creatinine, GFR, and RBC. Men had higher BUN and creatinine levels, while women had higher GFR. The prevalence of abnormalities in blood tests was 3.3%, and in urine tests was 6.1%. These limitations suggest that renal ultrasound alone may not be sufficient. It is essential to consider other diagnostic methods and conduct various tests in combination to more accurately evaluate kidney function and potentially detect problems early in asymptomatic adults.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.79-102
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• 2023

Objective : Autistic Spectrum Disorders(ASD) is a developmental disorder characterized by atypical sensory adaptation, communication problem, stereotyped behavior, and feeding disorders. The reasons for ASD feeding disorders are oral sensory motor, cognitive, behavioral, and social problems. Major symptoms include picky eating, selective eating, food refusal, food neophobia, limited food variety, and food aversion. ASD feeding disorders could be accompanied by various problems such as health and nutrition intake problems, feeding development, eating-related sociability, and family and caregiver stress. Feeding problems and disorders in ASD can present from birth. However, ASD is diagnosed by the age of 3, and there might be an appropriate treatment gap. Usually, symptoms of feeding disorders tend to decrease with age. However, the symptoms often remain, so early evaluation, intervention, and periodic checking are necessary. In this study, the general information about the feeding disorder characteristics of ASD, influencing factors, and intervention were described through a literature review. Conclusion : Sensory-based therapy and behavior-based therapies are generally used for feeding disorders in ASD. Sensory-based therapy is effective for food sensitivity and behavior-based therapy for food selection. As the symptoms of feeding disorders in ASD are diverse, a comprehensive approach includes play and participation, oral motor exercise, diet, and daily life. However, appropriate evaluation, intervention protocol, and guidelines for the treatment of feeding disorders in ASD are limited. Therefore, a complex approach based on a more systematic understanding is needed. Feeding rehabilitation specialists, such as occupational therapists, should provide appropriate evaluation and intervention.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.618-638
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• 2022

The Middle Jurassic granite dike swarm intruding into the Paleoproterozoic banded gneiss is pervasively observed in Ueumdo, Hwaseong City, mid-western Gyeonggi Massif. Based on their cross-cutting relationships in a representative outcrop, there are four dikes (UE-A, UE-C, UE-D, UE-E), and depending on the direction, there are three granite dike groups, which are NW- (UE-A dike), NW to WNW- (UE-C dike), and NE-trending (UE-D and UE-E dikes). These granite dikes are massive, medium-to coarse-grained biotite granites, and their relative ages observed in outcrops are in the order of UE-A, UE-D (=UE-E), and UE-C. The geometric analysis of the dikes indicates that the UE-A and UE-C dikes intrude under approximately NE-SW trending horizontal minimum stress fields. The UE-A dike, which showed a relatively low average SiO2 content by major element analysis, is a product of early magma differentiation compared to other dikes; therefore, it is consistent with the relative age of each dike. The ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U weighted mean ages for each dike obtained from SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating were calculated to be 167 Ma (UE-A), 164 Ma (UE-C), 167 Ma (UE-D), and 167 Ma (UE-E), respectively. The samples of the UE-A, UE-D, and UE-E dikes showed very similar ages. The UE-C dike shows the youngest age, which is consistent with the results of the relative age in the outcrops and major element analysis. Therefore, the granite dikes intruded into the Middle Jurassic (approximately 167 and 164 Ma), coinciding with those of the Gyeonggi Massif, where the Middle Jurassic plutons are geographically widely distributed. This result indicates that the wide occurrence of the Middle Jurassic plutons on the Gyeonggi Massif was formed as a result of igneous activity moving in the northwest direction with the shallower subduction angle of the subducting oceanic plate during the Jurassic.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.424-437
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of augmented reality contents based instruction for adult learners on academic achievement, interest and flow in learning. The subject populations were 80 students randomly sampled from an IT institute and they were evenly placed into two groups. One cell as an experimental group studied with augmented reality based contents and the other cell as a control group studied under textbook based instruction for two weeks. The experimental design of this study was the pre-posttest control group design. The results are summarized as follows: First, there was no significant difference in academic achievement between two groups. Second, the group studied with augmented reality based contents showed higher interest in learning than textbook based instruction group. Finally, there was a significant difference in flow in learning between two groups. The augment reality based instruction group showed higher scores of flow than the other group. The implication of this study is that augmented reality contents may have different effects for adult learners in academic achievement compared with younger learners.