• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.1-34
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• 2020

As the economic environment rapidly changes, the ability to flexibly adapt has become a vital skill which is primarily attained through education and training. Subsequently, it is essential that the effects of vocational eduction and training are closely examined to see if they are fulfilling their goals; specifically, whether they bolster the chances of gaining employment. To that end, the endogenous aspects of training variables must be controlled. This study critically assesses the approaches of current literature in regards to tackling the endogeneity issue, and investigates the effects of vocational training through various econometric models. The results failed to reveal any positive effects of Korea's vocational training on employment. However, the negative effects were also not large enough to be significant. Additionally, the marginal effects were weaker for women and older age groups-which show a disparity between men and women-than for men and younger age groups, respectively. A more comprehensive and in-depth analysis will be needed of these results using recent data and detailed information about the training process.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.21-41
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• 2024

The global Industry has been shaped by start-ups that originated with knowledge-based innovative strategies or technologies in the 21st century. Specifically, laboratory start-ups that rely on research papers or patents for new technology development are recognized for their high survival rate and the creation of employment opportunities. Our study concentrated on 'I-Corps', which also introduced in Korea, standing for innovation corps is a laboratory startup program launched in 2011 by the NSF(National Research Foundation) to commercialize R&D results and foster entrepreneurship as part of the policy to build a start-up system at the national innovation level. In this study, we proposed and empirically tested a research model focusing on teams participating in the I-Corps program to determine how startup team diversity, among the team characteristics of laboratory startups, affected patent performance. As a result of the analysis, among the proposed variables, age diversity, educational background diversity, and value diversity had a significant impact on patent performance. The results of this study are expected to further strengthen the theoretical and practical foundations of researchers or practitioners of the I-Corps program, as well as related areas involving technology & laboratory startups, intellectual property and knowledge management fields in the future.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.58-70
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to investigate children's Nutrition Quotient (NQ) and the degree of keeping the Dietary Guidelines of children and their mothers and to further examine the relationships between children and mothers. Methods: The subjects were 281 children from 4th to 6th grade in an elementary school located in Gwangju and their mothers. Results: NQ of the children was $66.8{\pm}14.2$, which was in the third (medium) grade. Among the five factors, the scores for Moderation and Diversity were in the second (high) grade, but those for Regularity, Practice, and Balance were in the third grade. Children of non-working mothers had significantly higher scores for NQ and Balance than those of working mothers. Children of mothers with age over 40 had a significantly higher score on Diversity than those with mothers under age 40. Children of mothers with higher education showed higher score for Regularity than those with lower education. Children from high-income families had higher score for Moderation. The score for children keeping the Dietary Guidelines was $78.8{\pm}10.5$ and children of non-working mothers showed higher score than those of working mothers. The score for mothers practicing the Dietary Guidelines was $80.6{\pm}9.4$ and non-working mothers and mothers with age over 40 had higher score. Children's NQ showed significant correlation with the score for keeping the Dietary Guidelines for children (r = 0.789, p < 0.001) and also with that of mothers (r = 0.235, p < 0.001). Conclusion: These results show that NQ of elementary school children in Gwangju is in the medium grade, the degree of practicing the Dietary Guidelines for children is pretty fair, and these factors are influenced by their mother's socioeconomic characteristics such as employment, age, education, and family income.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.4240-4247
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• 2013

This purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of safety practice and safety knowledge according to background variables of mothers and the relationship between practice and knowledge in safety of mothers. The subjects were 143 mothers in Iksan city. A questionnaire was made by the researcher on the basis of relevant materials. The data was analyzed by statistical methods such as frequency, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe and Pearson's correlation. The results are as follow: First, mothers' safety knowledge was higher than average. There were significant differences in emergence care, dangerous material, toy safety and young children' developmental character according to mothers' age. There were significant differences in dangerous situation, young children' developmental character and sum score of safety knowledge according to mothers' educational level. So there were significant differences in electrical fire safety, young children's developmental character according to children's age. Second, mothers typically practiced home safety. There were significant differences bathroom, entrance according to mothers' age. And there were significant differences room, kitchen and sum score of safety practice according to children's age. Third, there is no correlation between mothers' safety knowledge and home safety practice.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.196-203
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• 2002

Most dentigerous cysts are solitary. Bilateral and multiple dentigerous cysts are rare and occur typically in association with a number of syndromes such as Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome, Hunter's syndrome, Basal cell nevus syndrome, Marfan syndrome, cleidocranial dysplasia. The presented case is of bilateral nonsyndromic, dentigerous cysts associated with mandibular right and left first premolars. A marsupialization procedure may be a choice of treatment for a large sized dentigerous cyst rather than an enucleation. The marsupialization procedure is recommended during the age when the erupting force of the teeth is still strong. We can expect the unerupted tooth to erupt normally. Although most of bilateral or multiple dentigerous cysts which are not associated with syndromes are rare, a bilateral dentigerous cyst without syndrome is seen. Therefore, it is wise to explain a possibility of development of new one to patient / parents in advance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.46-52
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to measure the serum lipid concentrations by gender and age, and to investigate the relationship between dietary behavior and serum lipid levels in Korean adults. The subjects consisted of 209 volunteers (121 men and 88 women) who visited a health promotion center. Their anthropometric and biochemical blood indices were measured, and data on lifestyles were obtained using structured questionnaires. The blood total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations increased significantly with age in women (p<0.01). The food habit score of men and women increased with age, and total food habit score was negatively correlated with BMI (p<0.05). The rate of skipping meals (p<0.001), overeating (p<0.05), eating instant food (p<0.001), and eating out (p<0.05) decreased significantly with age, and the intake rate of vegetables (p<0.001) and carbohydrates (p<0.05) significantly increased with it. The food intake frequency of 21 food items was also measured, and snacks (p<0.05), high fat foods (p<0.01) meats (p<0.05), and instant foods (p<0.01) were negatively correlated with HDL-cholesterol. Snacks (p<0.05) and high fat foods (p<0.01) were positively correlated with LDL-cholesterol. Snacks (p<0.05) and fats/oils (p<0.01) were positively correlated with triglycerides. These results suggest that the food habits and food intake frequency may be one of the important factors affecting serum lipid concentrations in Korean adults.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.29-52
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• 2013

This study examined how middle-aged and elderly persons allocated their time in overall perspective and whether the patterns were varied by age, socio-demographic factors, and the interaction effect between them. This study analyzed the 2009 Time Use Survey Data (17,096 time-diaries of people aged 45 or more) of the National Statistical Office using tobit regression model. The main results are as follows. First, middle-aged and elderly people gradually decreased paid work times. Second, the patterns of time allocation were varied by age, gender, education level, marital status and household type(Agricultural/non-agricultural). Third, there were interaction effects between age and the socio-demographic factors on paid work time and leisure time. Highly educated or urban persons were likely to have less time in paid work less than other groups with increasing age. And females were likely to have less time in domestic labor and care work than males with increasing age. But they had more time in social and economic productive activities than males. Based on these findings, this study suggests comprehensive approach to analyze the time use of elderly beyond economic working time or leisure time. To establish effective ageing society policy, it is necessary to consider the time allocation of elderly which divided into the social stratification.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.827-835
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• 2017

With the rapid progress of ageing several issues concurrently occur, and one important social issue that must be resolved is accidents involving Elderly drivers. Efforts to reduce the frequency of such accidents is a must in order to be prepared to face a superaged society. Currently people aged 65 or older are prescribed as an "Elderly person." Therefore, various studies concerning accidents involving Elderly drivers apply this age criteria to separate regular drivers and Elderly drivers. However, there is no criteria to practically discern Elderly drivers with certain physical features as vulnerable road users based on a level of acceptable accuracy. Therefore, this studies intends to compare the possibility of accidents by age group of Elderly drivers by correlation analysis to analyze the accident characteristics by age group. Results showed that for drivers aged 75 and older, their influence on major accident characteristics by vehicle type increased with higher age groups. In particular, passenger cars had a relatively low accident frequency rate for drivers aged between 70 and 80, but for drivers aged 75 to 84, they had higher influence on accidents for the same vehicle type. This demonstrates that as ageing progresses and the average life expectancy increases, the age span of elders continues to increase, meaning that characteristics differ by age group among the aged. This study confirmed that the influence on the possibility of accidents differs by age group among the aged.

• 한국노년학
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.475-496
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• 2017

Increasing evidence shows that ageist attitudes towards older adults develop quite early in childhood in Western culture, yet, empirical research on this topic in Korea is lacking. It has been argued that as Korea has become more youth oriented, negative views of aging have emerged and Korean children are increasingly exposured to negative stereotypes of older adults. Nuclearization of family structure and consequent reduction of intergenerational interaction is considered to be another important factor. The purpose of this study is to find out whether Korean children have ageist attitudes. Acknowledging the possibility that children tend to report in socially appropriate ways to the explicit measures of ageism, we included implicit measures of ageism. Data was collected from 570 fourth to sixth grade elementary school children selected by quota sampling. The current study used Child-Age Implicit Association Test and two other explicit measurements. The original versions were modified to be culturally applicable to the Korean context. Results indicated that when measured explicitly, children do not report preferring younger person than older person. However when measured implicitly, it was found that children at this young age already reveal negative biases toward the elderly. Contrast to the fact that the level of explicit ageism is significantly different by demographic characteristics of children, no statistical difference in the level of implicit ageism is detected. Based on the results, implications are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.5-39
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• 2011

The objective of this study is to survey Social Participation of the Elderly's quality of life according to their activity levels and examine the differences by their gender and age. The subjects of this study were elderly aged 60 or older who are living in the metropolitan area and those reportedly participating in various social activities at the time of the survey. A total of 586 cases were used for the analysis. Data were analyzed through multi group analysis using a structural equation model, and AMOS 7.0 was used in statistical processing. The results of this study showed that, first, the quality of life was significantly and positively affected by flow experiences in economic participation, social fellowship participation, and self development participation. Second, the results of multi group analysis on the relations between the social participation level and the quality of life according to gender demonstrated that the there were gender differences on the full path model, and that there were significant differences in relationships between the volume of social fellowship participation and the quality of life between men and women. Third, a similar finding was found for the age group that the paths between flow experiences in economic participation and the quality of life significantly differed by age groups. Based on these findings, implications for theory and practice were discussed.