• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.71-75
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• 2007

This research was conducted from 1 March 2005 to 28 February 2007. We collected data from optician stores around Kwang-Ju city, 208 people aged 40 to 80 years using the cross cylinder method to find out age and gender dependence of near addition. 1. Age dependence of Refractive error shows 5% of emmetropia 34% of myopia and 43% of hyperopia. These results reveal that rate of hyperopia is higher than emmetropia and myopia. Mixed Astigmatism rate was 18%. 2. Near addition required to correct Presbyopia is analyzed as functions of gender and ages. In case of man: 40-44 (+0.75D), 45-49(+1.25D), 50-54(+1.41D), 55-59(+1.92D), 60-64(+2.35D), 65-69(+1.97D), 70(+3.12D), In case of woman: 40-44 (+1.08D), 45-49 (+1.38D), 50-54 (+1.67D), 55-59(+2.05D), 60-64 (+2.50D), 65-69 (+2.57D), $70{\leq}(+3.18D)$. Result shows it's Adding power higher than man. 3. Age dependence of Axis of Astigmatism. In case of horizontal astigmatism 61.2%, vertical 2.8% and rest else for 36%. Setting point from Binocular vision tells that average adding power of 40-44 (+0.75D) or (+1.00D), 45-49 (+1.25D) or (+1.50D), 50-54 (+1.50D), 55-59 (+2.00D), 60-64 (+2.50D), 65-69 (+2.50D) or (+2.75D), over $70{\leq}(+3.00D)$ or (+3.25D) of average adding power.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2005

Purpose : The aim of this study is to find the prevalence of obesity, the serum lipid levels and the age at menarche in adolescent female athletes and to examine the effects of exercise in adolescent stage. Methods : With a questionnaire regarding their age at menarche, physical measurement, body fat, and blood samples of the serum lipid levels to evaluate the hyperlipidemia were obtained from adolescent female athletes(n=107) and general adolescent students(n=650) who didn't exercise at regular intervals, aged 12 to 18 years. Results : The mean weight in the athletes' group was $53.3{\pm}7.3kg$ which was similar with $54.3{\pm}8.0kg$ in the control group. The mean height in the athletes' group was $161.4{\pm}5.4cm$, which was taller than $158.9{\pm}5.3cm$ in the control group. The prevalence of obesity by obesity index, body fat, and BMI in the athletes' group were significantly lower than in control group. There was no significant difference in age at menarche between two groups($12.6{\pm}1.3$, $12.9{\pm}1.2$). The levels of cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol in the athletes' group were higher than in the control group. The levels of triglyceride in the athletes' group was lower than in control group. Conclusion : These data suggest the importance of exercise in adolescents for the prevention of obesity since it may reduce body fat and increase the height. There was no negative effect of exercise on the age at menarche. We think that more controlled assessment of nutrition, diet habit, hormonal effect and height are warranted to find the correlation with hyperlipidemia and exercise at the adolescent stage.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.292-297
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• 2005

Purpose : It is known that 3-50 percent of type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM) patients develop autoimmune thyroid disease. We analyzed the clinical characteristics of autoimmune thyroid disease(AITD) developed in patients with T1DM in Korean. Methods : The medical records of 139 patients, who were followed up in Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital from Jan. 1981 to Jul. 2004, were analyzed retrospectively. Results : Forty-four males and 95 females were enrolled. At least one of the autoantibodies for thyroid was positive in 54 cases. The detection rate for AITD was not correlated with sex ratio, control of T1DM, body mass index, age at diagnosis of T1DM, and familial history of thyroid disease, between two groups. In the male group, AITD was more frequently found at a younger age than in the female group. The frequency of AITD was significantly higher in the goiter group without sex differences. In the thyroid disease group, 40 patients(74.0 percent) were euthyroid, seven patients(12.9 percent) were hypothyroid, and seven patients(12.9 percent) were hyperthyroid. Conclusion : We should monitor thyroid function and autoantibodies routinely in T1DM patients who develop goiters, or young boys with T1DM.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.47-58
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• 2013

This study analyzes on payment difference of users in sex, age, region using 23-months data by a university medical center to figure out factors which help to hospital management. The meaningful results of this study as follow. First of all, there is not statistically significant difference between men and women. Secondly, the researcher categorizes users under 40s into group A and 40s users into group B, those in 60s or older into group C. Then, researcher accepted H2 that there might be a difference on the age range of users in each group. Finally, In the results on difference analysis of the payment, there is only statistical difference between Busan and Ulsan Gyeongnam. These results is expected to provide basic information for efficient management of medical center.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.334-345
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• 2001

Background : Pulmonary tuberculosis(TB) is still prevalent and remains a significant clinical problem for the elderly. However, the disease presents in many ways, and there are frequent adverse drug reactions that may prevent the early diagnosis and treatment of elderly TB patients compared to the young. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not there are any differences in the clinical feature of pulmonary tuberculosis(TB) in both the diagnosis and treatment between the young (less than 64 years) and the elderly (65 years and more). Methods : The medical records of 125 young and 70 elderly pulmonary TB patients, who were diagnosed with and treated for pulmonary TB at the Seoul Municipal Boramae Hospital from November 1991 to January 1997, were analyzed retrospectively. Results : Anorexia(12% vs. 31.4%), general weakness (20.0% vs. 54.3%), dyspnea(21.6% vs. 37.1%) and an abnormal mentality (0.8% vs. 15.7%) were more frequent presenting symptoms in elderly TB patients, whereas hemoptysis (32.8% vs. 10.0%) and fever (BT > $37^{\circ}C$, 58.4% vs. 35.7%) were more frequent in the young. The elderly had a higher number of cardiovascular and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases as underlying illnesses. In chest PA, there were no differences in the location of the TB lesion, but the appearances were initially diagnosed more frequently as pneumonia or lung cancer (8.8% vs. 30.0%, p<0.05) in the elderly. There was no difference in the detection rate of acid fast bacilli(AFB) in the sputum between the two groups. There were no differences in the treatment response and follow-up loss. However, adverse drug reactions (13.6% vs. 45.7%, p<0.05), and changes in medication (4.9% vs. 25.7%, p<0.05) during treatment occurred more frequently in the elderly. One among the 125 young patients died from tuberculosis whereas 6 among the 70 elderly patients died from the disease. Conclusion : Because the clinical and radiological presentations were more atypical, a sputum AFB smear and culture should be done immediately in the elderly who are TB. The elderly experienced more frequent adverse drug reactions and mortality during treatment, but the response to treatment was good and rapid.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.283-294
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• 1997

타액은 분비율과 그 구성성분으로 인해 구내환경을 조절하는데 있어 가장 중요한 요인으로 여겨진다. 타액 분비율과 성분에 관한 많은 연구가 이루어 졌지만, 증령이 타액과 그 성분에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구는 상반된 결과를 보고하고 있으며 현재까지도 논란의 여지가 많다. 또한 증령에 따른 lactoferrin과 전해질의 변화는 거의 보고되지 않은 실정이다. 이에 저자는 증령이 타액분비량과 타액성분에 미치는 영향을 연구하기 위하여 59명의 투약력이 없고 건강한 사람을 대상으로 연구를 시행하였다. 연구대상을 그들의 나이에 따라 A군, 10~15세 (남자7명, 여자7명); B군,20~30세 (남자8명, 여자7명 ); C군,40~50세 (남자7명, 여자7명 ); D군,60세 이상 (남자7명, 여자9명 ) 등의 4군으로 구분하여 각각의 비자극성 전타액을 표준화된 방법으로 채취한후 타액분비량과 immunoglobulin, lactoferin 및 전해질의 변화를 측정하였다. 이와 같은 실험을 통해 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 비자극성 타액분비량은 각 연령군간의 유의한 차이가 관찰되지 않았으며, 20-30세 군(B군)에서만 남성에 비해 여성에서 유의하게 낮았다. 2. 인체 전타액내 IgA와 lactoferin 농도는 연령이나 성별에 따른 뚜렷한 변화는 없었지만, 10-l5세 군(A군) 남성에서 유의하게 낮았다. 3. 인체 전타액내 IgG의 농도는 연령이나 성별에 따른 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 4. 인체 전타액내 IgM의 농도는 60세이상 군(D군) 남성에서 유의하게 낮은 농도를 보였다. 5. 인체 전타액내 전해질(sodium, chloride, potassium, magnesium)의 농도는 증령에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였다. magnesium과 chloride는 60세이상 군(D군)에서, sodium과 potassium은 40-50세 군(C관)에서 최대치를 보였다 성별간의 유의성 있는 차이는 발견되지 않았다.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.65-73
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the changes in distance refractive power and reading addition that occur after wearing corrective glasses for prebyopia. Methods: The subjects aged 42 to 75 years who had no ophthalmologic diseases and did not undergo cataract or retina surgery, had a corrected visual acuity of 20/20 and did not have a previous history of wearing corrective glasses for presbyopia. These subjects were divided into 3 groups: the control, reading spectacles and multifocals wearing group and they were measured for distance refractive power and reading addition at their visit. The maximum follow-up period was 73 months. Results: As for distance refractive power, the power tends to shift to hyperopia depending on age (r=0.486, p<.001) and 50.0% of the subjects increased plus power during this study period. Plus power Increments per year in distance refractive power in the reading spectacle wearing group were significantly different with control and multifocals wearing group (p<.05). On the other hand, the multifocals wearing group's increments were not different with control. Increments in reading addition were also increased in the reading spectacles group than in the control and multifocals wearing groups (p<.05). Conclusions: The age related hyperopic shift could be occurred in the elderly people, routine refraction is mandatory. And reading spectacles could induce an age related hyperopic shift and the additional need for reading addition that the prescription of multifocals may reduce changes in distance refractive power and reading addition.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.157-164
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• 2000

Objectives : This study was peformed to determine the reference values of blood lead, manganese, aluminium, and silicon in healthy adults. Methods : The subjects were 132 (67 male and 65 female), and classified to three age groups $(\leq39,\;40\sim49,\;and\;50\leq)$. Blood lead, manganese and aluminium were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer, and blood silicon was analyzed by direct current plasma optical emission spectrometer. Results : Blood lead levels(geometric mean, S.D) were (3.49, 1.70) ${\mu}g/dL$ in male and (3.04, 1.65) ${\mu}g/dL$ in female, but the difference is not significant, and there was no significant difference between age groups. Mean blood manganese level was $0.99{\pm}0.41{\mu}g/dL$, and there was no significant difference between sex or age groups. Mean blood aluminium level was $0.59{\pm}0.35{\mu}g/dL$, and there was no significant difference between sex or age groups. Mean blood silicon level was $54.41{\pm}27.64{\mu}g/dL$ in male and $43.34{\pm}23.51{\mu}g/dL$ in female, and the level in male was significantly higher than that in female (p<0.05). There was significant difference between age groups, and the oldest showed the highest level in male (p<0.05), but no significant difference between age groups in female. Conclusions : Authors hope that this study would provide basic data for determining reference values and evaluating health effects.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.54-60
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• 2011

Purpose : In this study, we listed common diseases in pediatric inpatients and evaluated the distribution of diseases by period and age group, in order to estimate the epidemiologic trend. Methods : Patients who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics between 1997 and 2008 were included. Demographic characteristics, date of admission, and International Classification of Diseases (ICD) code of patients were indentified. Study period was divided into two; early (1997-2002) and late (2003-2008), and age of patients were grouped into four; infancy, early childhood, late childhood, and adolescence. Results : A total of 33,513 patients were admitted for 12 years. In the list of ICD code, Pneumonia (J12-J18; 21.2%) was the most prevalent, followed by gastroenteritis (A00-A09; 17.8%), bronchiolitis (J21; 11.9%), and so on. Common diseases ranked from 1 to 10 comprised the majority (79.1%) of all the inpatients. There was increase in the number of inpatients with respiratory infectious disease (bronchiolitis, otitis media, and sinusitis), enlarged lymph node, or impetigo/cellulitis, but decrease in the number of inpatients with aseptic meningitis, intussusceptions, measles, or nephritic/nephrotic syndrome. The distribution of diseases also showed age group-specific difference. Conclusion : The distribution of diseases by period and age group was different. The epidemiologic trend should be considered in developing the management of strategy for the Department of Pediatrics.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.345-358
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• 1982

1980.8-1982.8월까지 일광, 주문진, 돌산, 어청도 및 성산포에서 채집한 1,663미의 보라성게의 성장 및 산란에 관한 조사이다. 1세부터 5세까지의 평균각경은 가각 19, 32, 43, 51, 58mm로 추정됐으며 $l_\infty=84.4 mm,\;k=0.223,\;t_o=-0.187$의 성장식을 보였다. 가경에 대한 각고, 보대, 간보대, 위홍문부경 및 극 길이의 상관관계는 매우 높았다. 연령에 따른 가부분의 상대성장은차이가 없으나 극의 성장에서는 3세까지는 각경에 비례하여 성장하나 그 이후의 연령부터는 반비례하고 있다. 일광해역에서의 산란은 6-10월에 일어나며 주 산란은 8월로 사료한다. 연령에 따른 주 산란시기는 다르며 고연령군은 저연령군 보다 일찍 산란하고 있다. 제주산 보라성게는 8월 이전에 산란을 이미 마친 상태이며 여수산, 일광산은 주로 8월에, 주문진산, 어청도산은 8월 이후에 산란하는 것으로 판단된다.