• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.633-641
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• 2017

This study explores how the digital divide caused by personal SES(Socio-Economic Status) eventually affect personal life satisfaction. The study also investigates the differences between living in urban and rural areas, as well as the differences among generations, with respect to the digital divide and personal life satisfaction. Based on the Korean Media Panel data produced by KISDI, this study used 9,647 national samples to obtain variables such as digital divide, and life satisfaction. Results show that personal SES is a key factor that significantly influences digital divide and life satisfaction in various degrees. Also, the study finds that the degree of the digital divide have an effect on people's life satisfaction. The findings imply that people living in urban areas are more highly used to digital media than those in rural areas regardless of their SES. The study has an implication, in terms of digital equity among generations as well as urban and rural residents.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.53
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• pp.285-310
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• 2003

As National Pension Scheme for all nation complete in 1999 through expanding application in cities, the public pension including Public Occupational Pension became main axis of old-age income maintenance. After 4years since then, now, it is only half of total National Pension insured persons who have been qualified to receive pension through participate and contribution. The other half of National Pension insured is left the excluded from public pension. This paper is intended to identify scale and characteristics of the excluded from public pension and to analysis its cause, and to explore policy measures for solving the excluded's problem. for current recipients over 60 years old generation, the its excluded's scale is no less than 86% of the old over 60 years. The probability of getting in the excluded is high in case of old elderly and female for current elderly generation. For future recipients 18-59 years working generation, the its excluded's scale is no less than 61% of the 18-59 years total population. The probability of getting in the excluded is high in case of 18-29 years and female for current working generation. As logistic regression analysis determinant factor of paying or not pension contribution for future recipients, it appear that probability of getting in the excluded for current working generation is high in case of younger old, lower education attainment, irregular employee, working at agriculture forestry fishery sector, construction sector, wholesale retail trade restaurants hotels sector, financial institution and insurance real estate renting and leasing sector in comparison with manufacturing sector, occpaying at elementary occupation, professionals technicians and associate professionals, sale and service workers, plant machine operators and assemblers, legislators senior officials and managers in comparison with clerks. The Policy measures for the current recipient old generation have need to reinforce supplemental role of Senior's pension(non-contribution pension) until maturing of public pension, because of no having chance of public pension participants for them. And the Policy measures for the future recipient working generation have need to restructure social security fundamentally corresponding with social-economic change as labour market and family structure etc. The pension system has need to change from one earner one pension to one citizen one pension with citizenship rights. At this point, public pension have need to manage with combining insurance's contribution principle and citizenship principle financing by taxes. Then public pension will become substantially universal social network for old-age income maintenance and we can find real solution for the excluded from.

• Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.3117-3126
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• 2018

The operating system update is a basic step to maintain a safe internet use environment. This study analyzed whether the implementation of the operating system update was related to gender and age group during the violation accident prevention act in relation to information protection on the internet, and tried to verify the validity of these factors by analyzing the influence of gender and age group. In this study, logistic regression analysis was conducted based on the information security survey data surveyed by the Korea Internet & Security Agency in 2016. As a result, gender and age were surveyed as factors related to the implementation of operating system updates. As a result of analyzing the impact on the implementation of operating system updates by gender, it is estimated that the odds are 0.419 times higher for women than for men. According to the analysis of the operating system update by age group based on the 50s, which is a vulnerable group of information, the result is that the odds are 13.266 times higher in the 20s than the 50s.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.255-262
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• 2000

포항지역 주민 500명을 대상으로 꽁치과메기의 기호도 조사를 한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다.과메게 용어 인지 여부에 대해서는 대부분 응답자가 알고 있었으며, 과메게 시식 여부는 92.5%가 먹어 보았으며, 먹어보 지 못한 7.5%에 대해 그 이유를 알아본 결과 먹고 싶지 않았다가 61.3%를 차지하였다. 연령별 시식 여부 차이 분석에서 나이가 많을수록 대부분 과메게를 먹어본 것으로 나타났다.(P<0.05). 과메기를 먹는때는 술안주로가 80.9%로 가장 많았다. 남(86.5%), 여(56.8%)모두 술안주로 먹는 경우가 가장 많았다. 간식으로 먹는 경우도 남자(6.6%)보다 여자(16.3%)가 많게 나타났다(P<0.05). 또한 연령이 많을수록 간식으로 먹는 경우가 많았다.이러한 결과를 놓고 볼때 사철과메기의 개발 또는 포항 꽁치과메기가 향통식품으로 자리잡기 위해서는 술안주로서의 과메기가 아니라 조리방법이나 스낵 등의 가공방법 개발 등을 통하여 반찬이나 간식으로 먹을 수 있어야 진정한 먹거리로서 자리잡을 수 있을 것이다. 과메기를 처음 먹은 꼐기는 주위의 권유로 먹은 경우가 57.9%로 가장 많았다. 연령별로 살펴보면 젊을수록 과메기를 주위의 권유로 먹은 경우가 많으며, 나이가 많을수록 먹음직스러워서 과메기를 처음 먹은 계기가 된것으로 나타났다.(P<0.05). 과메기 선호도는 92.5%가 과메기에 대해 호의적인 응답을 하였다. 남자가 여자보다 과메기를 더 선화하는것으로 나타났다.(P<0.05) 연령별로는 31~40세 연령층이 과메게를 가장 선호하는 계층으로 나타났다. 과메게를 먹을때 곁들여 먹는 것으로 과메기, 생미역,초고추장으로 먹는 경우가 가장 많았다. 포항 지역 주민들은 과메기를 먹을때 대부분 생미역과 곁들여 먹지만 초고추장 없이 먹는 경우도 적지 않았다. 대부분 3~10마리 정도 1회 먹는것으로 나타났으며, 20마리 이상 많이 먹는 주민도 남녀 거의 유사하게 나타났다. 따라서 여성층의 과메기 애호가도 많다는 것(5.6%)을 알 수 있다.(P<0.05)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.75-81
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to observe the age differences in safety perception among babyboomer, pre-elderly, and the elderly and to seek for countermeasures to overcome the risk. The data used for this study were from the 2008 Social Survey conducted by Administration on Statistics, Korea. The data were divided into three different age groups such as babyboomer, pre-elderly, and the elderly. Results showed that overall safety level of the society, safety perception of others and oneself, current social safety level compared to 10 years ago, social safety level after 10years, awareness of safety among different social fields, and the rank among the list of factors that lead to social insecurity appeared to differ according to the three different age groups. The awareness of safety for the elderly group was not higher than babyboomer and pre-elderly groups. Age differences in safety perception reflected the times and experiences the same age cohort went through. Countermeasures for security should be developed by considering the characteristics of the generations and different age groups.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.145-166
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• 2023

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has led to a widespread shift towards non-face-to-face/uncrewed services in various sectors of society. Despite this, research on the digital divide has focused predominantly on analyzing various factors, with the notable absence of studies addressing the digital divide. Therefore, study examined the current digital divide in the transportation sector through a survey-based approach. First, a nationwide survey was conducted among adult men and women to assess their digital device usage. Vulnerable groups sesceptible to digital disparities were identified based on factors such as age, education, and income. Second, comparative analysis was conducted to examine the usage patterns of mobile applications related to the transportation sector among the vulnerable and non-vulnerable groups using chi-squared test. These findings suggest that the vulnerable group exhibited lower awareness and preference for mobile applications, a significantly lower frequency of application usage than the non-vulnerable group. Finally, a comparison of the proficiency in utilizing transportation sector mobile applications was conducted, showing that the vulnerable group demonstrated a significantly lower level of proficiency across all aspects of application usage procedures compared to the non-vulnerable group. These survey results provide a valuable foundation for future policy formulation to reduce the digital divide in the transportation sector. By highlighting the current state of digital disparities, the research contributes to developing evidence-based strategies to enhance inclusivity and equal access to digital services in tjwtransportation.

• Journal of Teachers' Pension
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• v.2
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• pp.47-102
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• 2017

오늘날 대다수의 선진 국가들은 고령화 사회에 대비하여 자국의 노후소득보장 제도를 대대적으로 개혁해 오고 있다. 우리나라의 경우에서도 지난 2015년 사학연금제도의 개혁이 이러한 취지에 해당될 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구에서는 고령화 사회의 문제가 단순히 노인부양비용의 증가 그 자체가 아니라, 평균수명의 증가에도 불구하고 늘어나게 된 노후의 삶에 대한 시간적 배분이 근로와 여가에 걸쳐 균형적으로 이루어지지 않고, 사회적 부양을 필요로 하는 노후의 여가만 일방적으로 늘어나고 있다는 점을 문제점으로 지적하였다. 따라서 이러한 차원에서 볼 때 고령화 사회의 문제는 생애근로기간의 연장을 통해서만 효과적으로 극복할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다, 하지만 이와는 반대로 개인별로 건강상태나 가족상황 등의 이유로 생애근로주기의 연장이 불가능한 사람들을 위하여 별도의 제도적 장치가 추가적으로 마련되어야 할 것이다. 종합해 보면, 고령화 사회의 노동시장 문제는 개인별로 다양한 욕구나 능력을 반영하여 각자에게 다양한 선택권을 보장해 줄 수 있는 방향으로 개선되어야 할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 고령화 사회에 대비하여 연금수급연령 상향조정의 필요성을 사학연금제도를 중심으로 살펴보고, 대신 그로 인해 발생할 수 있는 소득공백문제와 연금가입경력 공백문제 등 제반의 충격을 흡수할 수 있는 제도적 장치로서 점진적 퇴직제도의 도입방안을 제안하였다. 개략적으로 사학연금제도에 있어서 점진적 퇴직모형은 법정연금수급연령의 인상 일정에 따라 다음과 같이 운영하는 방안을 제안하였다. 먼저 법정연금수급연령이 60세로 유지되는 2022년까지의 단기적 대책으로서 여기서 점진적 퇴직의 자격연령은 모든 가입자에게 60세로 적용하도록 한다. 이 경우 가입자들의 신분구분에 따라 각각 교수 5년, 교원 2년(문제해결에 대한 정책적 의지에 따라 이행구간을 확장할 수도 있음) 그리고 교직원 0년의 조기의 점진적 퇴직이 허용되므로, 현재 교원이나 교수의 임용대란문제에 효과적으로 대응을 할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 다음으로는 2023년 이후 2033년 사이 법정연금수급연령의 인상단계에 해당되는 기간 동안의 대책으로서 여기서는 교수, 교원, 교직원에게 적용되는 정년연령과 매년도 법정연금수급연령 사이의 기간을 조기의 점진적 퇴직 이행구간으로 정하도록 한다. 그리고 이러한 이행구간에 상당하는 기간만큼 후기의 점진적 퇴직 이행구간을 별도로 설정하여 그에 적절한 혜택이 주어질 수 있도록 한다. 마지막으로 2033년 이후부터는 교수, 교사, 교직원의 신분구분 없이 모두에게 적용되는 사항으로서 65세를 기준으로 그 이전의 5년은 사학연금의 적용을 받는 조기의 점진적 퇴직 그리고 그 이후의 5년은 국민연금의 적용을 받는 후기의 점진적 퇴직이 이루어질 수 있도록 한다. 그리고 전체 10년의 점진적 퇴직 이행구간 동안 개인별로 퇴직시점이나 퇴직형태의 선택이 자유롭게 이루어질 수 있도록 하기 위하여 보험수리의 원칙에 입각한 감액률 또는 가산율의 엄격한 적용을 제안하였다. 그리고 고령계층이 자신의 근로시간을 단계적으로 단축할 수 있도록 하고, 그 과정에서 발생하게 되는 소득의 감소부분은 별도의 제도적 방법(가교연금, 시간가치적립계정 등)으로 충당하도록 하는 방안을 제안하였다. 나아가 점진적 퇴직제도의 운영방식은 근로시간의 단축뿐만 아니라 작업부담의 경감 등에 대해서도 인정을 해주도록 해줌으로써 임금피크제도의 기능과 연계가 가능할 수 있도록 할 것을 제안하였다.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.141-178
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• 2012

Although the rate of self-employment is high in Korean labor market and the rate gap between age groups is high, few studies have addressed on the effects of push factors on transition into self-employment across age groups. The goal of this research is to determine if push factors exert different effects on the self-employment decisions across age groups. There is interest in testing push hypothesis and pull hypothesis. The Korean Labor and Income Panel Study wave 6~11 is used to test this study's hypothesis. The main contribution of the paper is that in case of high unemployment, the probability of transition into self-employment increases. It is consistent with the push hypothesis. Many people are forced to become self-employed person due to the high rate of unemployment and limited occupational choice rather than the role of entrepreneurship. By age subgroup, the transition into self-employment of the ages of 30 and 49 is high. In addition, people at 40-49 years of age are more likely to become self-employed as a response of inadequate job opportunities. It provides the evidence that the self-employment is not a matter of special age group in that people in the 30 to 49 year old age group whose economic activities are vigorous move into marginalized labor market. Furthermore, it seems to be threatened the employment's stability of the prime age in that even people who are age 40-49 years of age are pushed into self-employment because of the recession.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.461-478
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• 2008

This study was investigated and analyze the library anxiety of public library users utilize LAS. The main contents of this study contained the differences of library anxiety in sex, educational background, age categories, the frequency of library visit, the completion of information literacy program and library use instruction. Library anxiety is very differed according to the various factors, especially, the library anxiety of knowledge of library, barriers with staff was high, the average LAS score is 2.61, 2.60. Regard to results of this study, conclusion are suggested the recommendations for a decrease in library anxiety of public library users.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.885-895
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to find out the most pursuasive social stratification variables affecting the attitude toward foreign luxury goods and the purchase frequency and examined the difference in the attitude toward foreign luxury goods and the purchase frequency among groups divided by age and social stratification variables. The subjects were 521 married women over 25 years old living in Seoul and Kyong-gi province areas. The data were analyzed by multiple regression, ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test, frequency and percentage. Social stratification was measured by family's monthly income, educational and occupational levels of married women's and their husbands' for an objective method while economic levels, social status, consumption levels, and cultural levels were used fer a subjective method. The results were as follows; first, the most explainable variables influencing the attitude toward foreign luxury goods and the purchase frequency were age and women's educational levels examined by the objective method of social stratification. Second, according to the subjective method of social stratification, the attitude toward foreign luxury goods and the purchase frequency were affected by age, economic levels, consumption levels, and cultural levels. Consumption levels which showed actual expense per family were the most explainable variable in the purchase frequency.