• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.187-197
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• 2021

The Hyeongjeseom (Islet) is an erosional remnant of volcano which is located about 2 km northeast of sea shore of the Songaksan tuff ring, and is composed of volcaniclastic deposit, agglomerate and scoria deposit, ponded lava, aa lava flows, reworked deposit and beach deposit in ascending order from the base. The volcano is formed by volcaniclastic deposits and lava flows that recorded a transition from initial phreatomagmatic to magmatic explosions followed by lava effusion. It is interpreted that the outcropped volcaniclastic deposit may be a remaining portion of outer ring of a tuff cone. A bomb and a ponded lava yield geochemically basaltic trachyandesite compositions (SiO2 51.3 wt%, Na2O+K2O 6.0 wt%) and belong to olivine basalt with scarce (<5 %) phenocrysts of olivine, petrographically. By incremental heating Ar-Ar dating method, the plateau age of lava flow in the Heongjesom is 9.2±3.6(2σ) ka, implying that the volcanism of Heongjeseom may have occurred earlier than the Songaksan tuff ring which erupted ca. 3.7 ka. It still remains a task to find a volcano which matches with a historical record of volcanic activity that occurred a thousand years ago.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.67
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• pp.301-337
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• 2021

The researcher looked at the differences in views and various controversies surrounding Korean youth sexuality education in the wake of the Nth Room incident, which had a great impact on modern Korean society. Sex education for adolescents in Korea can be divided into public sex education through school sex education and the Youth Sexuality Center, and conservative/traditional Protestant sex education. Public sex education is partly influenced by feminist sexual ethics and comprehensive sex education abroad. Based on gender sensitivity and the right to sexual self-determination, four major projects are prevention of sexual harassment, prostitution, sexual violence, and domestic violence. However, the school sex education standard was criticized for stereotypes of gender roles and gender-discriminatory content, reinforced distorted myths about sexual violence, and exclusion of sexual diversity and various family types. Conservative/traditional Protestantism is based on the normal family ideology such as bisexual marriage, premarital chastity, and sexual ethics recognized only within marital relationships. It is a form of confrontation with public sex education while strongly opposing it. The researcher first analyzed the characteristics of public sex education, conservative/traditional Protestant sexual ethics and sex education, feminist sex ethics and sex education, and overseas youth sex education, respectively, while composing the curriculum for Korean youth sexuality education. And as a more fundamental solution to youth sexuality education, I pointed out that there are limits to asceticism, premarital chastity, gender sensitivity and sexual self-determination education, and found an alternative to the concept of body and sex in feminist theology. The researcher pointed out that it is necessary to reconceptualize the body and sex under the recognition that the most fundamental cause of distorted sexual culture is dualistic sex and understanding the body, centering on the research of various feminist theologians. And this was conceptualized into three concepts: holistic sexuality, mutual solidarity understood in relationships with others, and sexuality as a spirituality that extends to the global community. And with each curriculum, 1) Holistic Sexuality: Breathing, Narrative, Making the Shape of One's Body and Mind 2) mutual solidarity : Feeling the Breath of Others, Media Literacy through Conscientization, Sending a Good Wind 3) Sexuality as a spirituality that extends to global concern: It was proposed to pay attention to nature and to co-cultivate it, to listen to the earth's moans and create a new way of life, and to write a prayer with the earth and fellow living beings.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.177-184
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• 2016

Solutions to improve collaborative energy-saving programs were developed as follow; First, the scoring for the selection of the programs between KEMCO and the NGOs' Energy Network needs to be adjusted. Second, solutions were proposed to diversify the network selected to participate in programs and to tighten the network among the participating citizens. Third, improving the compatibility with the targets that are set for the program and raising the program budget was proposed. Fourth, ideas to introduce the final evaluation guidelines for the programs by the network, to improve the convenience of the program procedures. Fifth, developing a manual to inspect energy-saving measures in households, counseling for at-home energy-saving behaviors, sharing search programs such as financial support and home repair, introducing a program energy-saving APPs.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.151-181
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• 2009

Im koreanischen Gesundheitsversicherungssystem spielt die soziale Solidarit$\ddot{a}$t Hauptrolle bei unterschiedlichen gesundheitspolitischen Entscheidungen. Daher wird manchmal vernachl$\ddot{a}$ssigt, dass auch die Qualit$\ddot{a}$tsverbesserung der Medizin und der Umfang der von der Krankenversicherung unterst$\ddot{u}$tzten medizinischen Leistungen wichtige Elemente der Krankenversciehrung sind. Um die letztere zwei Ideologien zu verwirklichen, soll insbesondere das Prinzip der Konkurrenz funktionieren k$\ddot{o}$nnen. Aber im koreanischen System hat die Konkurrenz fast gar kein Platz f$\ddot{u}$r sich. Auch das deutsche GKV (Gesetzliche Krankenversicherung)-system versucht die Sozialversicherung zu sein. Aber den deutschen Krankenversicherungssystem sieht es-speziell mit dem Vergleich vom Koreanischenzumindest viele unterschiedliche Funktionssysteme immanent zu sein. Zum einen tendiert die Einf$\ddot{u}$hrung des Gesundheitsfonds und vom Einheitlichen Beitragssatz die Sozialsolidarit$\ddot{a}$t zu verst$\ddot{a}$rken. Zum anderen tragen aber die Systeme von Zusatzbeitrag, Pr$\ddot{a}$mien und Wahltarife dazu bei, bessere Qualit$\ddot{a}$t der medizischen Leistungen zu garantieren und die Pr$\ddot{a}$ferenz von Patienten ernst zu nehmen. Es ist zwar nicht einfach vorauszusagen, zu welchen Ergebnissen diese Elementen f$\ddot{u}$hren. Aber die Funktion der unterscheidlichen Elementen, die die Konkurrenz motivieren konnen, zeigen schon viele Andeutungen f$\ddot{u}$r die Ver$\ddot{a}$nderung des korenischen Systems.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.519-533
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• 2012

This study investigates a neotectonic context of the past 5 Ma for the Otway Ranges along the southern Victoria coast, SE Australia by evaluating the distribution and development of marine terraces along the mountainous coastal area. Uplift rate derived from low terrace deposits using OSL dating method is determined to evaluate the extent to which mild intraplate tectonism has the capability to influence the geomorphic evolution of continental interiors. This study also investigates the stratigraphic relationship between Quaternary marine terraces and Pliocene strandlines, which suggests a change of tectonic activity in the Late Neogene. The intensified tectonic response is well addressed in terms of an increase of the Australian intraplate stress level due to the change of relative motion and increased forces in the boundary between the Australian and Pacific plate.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.101-101
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 금강 유역(9,645.5 km²)을 대상으로 SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)을 이용하여 장기간 지하수 양수와 산림 성장이 수문에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 1976년부터 2015년까지 40년의 지하수 이용량(GU)과 산림 성장(FG) 자료를 10년 단위(1980s; 1976~1985, 1990s; 1986~1995, 2000s; 1996~2005, 2010s; 2006~2015)로 구축하고, SWAT 입력자료와 증발산량 매개변수로 사용하여 연대별 지하수 양수와 산림 생장을 반영하였다. 금강 유역 내 위치한 2개의 다목적댐과 3개의 다기능 보에서 관측된 일별 유량으로 2006년부터 2015까지 10년을 검·보정하여 모델의 적용성을 검증하였다. 5지점에 대한 검보정 결과, NSE는 0.76에서 0.79, R²는 0.78에서 0.81, RMSE는 0.55 mm/day에서 1.96 mm/day, PBIAS는 -5.48%에서 8.56%로 통계적으로 유의한 수준으로 분석되었다. 적용성을 검증한 SWAT에 각 연대에 맞는 GU와 FG 정보를 입력하여 수문을 모의하였으며, 두 요인이 물순환에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 기상조건은 2010s로 고정하였다. 모의결과, GU와 FG 변화가 주는 영향으로 유역 출구의 총유출량은 7.8%(60.7 mm/year) 감소하였으며, 1980s과 2010s에서 각각 775.0 mm/year, 714.3 mm/year의 값을 보였다. 물순환 분석 결과, 지표유출, 중간유출, 기저유출, 침투량, 토양수분은 감소하는 경향을 보였고, 증발산량과 지하수 충전량(GWR)은 증가하는 경향을 보였다. GU의 증가로 인한 지하수위의 지속적인 감소가 GWR이 증가하는 원인으로 판단하였으며, 강우 기간에 포장용수량 이상의 토양수가 빠르게 흘러 지하수 충전량을 증가시켰다고 추론하였다. 또한, 유황 곡선을 분석한 결과, 유량이 지하수 양수와 산림 생장에 영향을 받은 지역에서 시간 흐름에 따라 감소하였고, 저유량 구간에서 상대적으로 많이 감소하였다.

• The Journal of Information Technology and Database
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.81-92
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• 1997

실시간 분산 시뮬레이션 응용을 개발할 때 시뮬레이션 대상의 시간적 행동 및 분산 노드간 상호작용의 복잡성 때문에 모델 개발에 어려움이 있다. 그러나 실시간 분산 객체(RTO)를 기반으로 하여 시뮬레이션 모델을 설계할 때 모델의 시간적 행동의 표현이 자연스러워지고 설계의 명확성을 가져다준다. 본 연구에서는 RTO 모델을 이용하여 압연공정 제어시스템 실시간 시뮬레이션 모델을 설계 구현하였다. 구현 과정에서 RTO 접근방법이 설계의 자연스러움, 설계 명세의 단순 명확화, 시간적 행동 표현의 복잡성 제거, 객체의 노드분산 용이성 등 많은 장점을 가지고 있음을 확인하였다. 이 방법은 보다 복잡하고 규모가 큰 실시갈 분산 시뮬레이션에 효과적으로 적용할 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.475-489
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• 2008

1987년 최초의 ISO 9000 (품질경영시스템) 패밀리 규격이 발행된 이래, 기업의 경영 시스템(Management System)의 핵심이 되는 MS 규격으로서 QMS(ISO 9001), EMS(ISO 14001), ISMS (ISO/IEC 27001) 등이 발행 또는 개정되어 왔다. 또 QMS 섹터 규격인 항공 우주 (AS/EN 9100), 의료기기 (ISO 13485), 정보통신 (TL 9000), ITSMS(ISO 20000), FSMS (ISO 22000), SCSMS (ISO 28000) 등이나 새로운 MS 규격이 되는 GHG(ISO 14064), IPOCM(ISO/PAS 22399), SR(ISO/CD 26000) 등 ISO 또는 비ISO 의 MS 규격이 차례차례로 발행 또는 개발 중에 있어 경영시스템 인증은 더욱 더 광범위해지면서 다방면화, 섹터화의 경향을 나타내고 있다. 제품 및 서비스 무역의 글로벌화, 조달 및 투자의 비 지역화, 공공 서비스에 대한 규제 철폐, 소비자 및 환경보호에 대한 공적인 요구, 테러리즘 전염병 자연적인 재앙에 대한 국제적인 연대 책임에 대한 필요성, 새로운 기술과 혁신의 전개 등이 경영 시스템 인증에 대한 요구를 증대시키고 있으며, 그 전제로서 세계적 규모로 제도의 신뢰성을 확보하는 구조의 확립 및 활동 결과의 신뢰가 보증되는 체제가 구축되어 있어야 한다. 이러한 신뢰를 바탕으로 한 제3자 인증제도는 세계경제의 원활한 발전에 중요한 과제가 되고 있다.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.32
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• pp.245-278
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• 2008

The purpose of this paper is to create an inter-religious dialogue between the Western Christian concept of the spirit and Eastern ch'i philosophy within the category of panentheism. The Hebrew term ruah means 'moving air' and 'wind' which derive from the particular experience of the ancient Hebrew people living in the desert. The Greek pnuema also means 'life' and 'wind' which denote the natural power. Both ruah and pneuma consist of the main idea of the spirit exploring the symbol of relationality of the divine in Western tradition. Eastern ch'i philosophy indicates a vital force for keeping the body and soul alive, which is unconscious and spontaneous. Ch'i as a vital force constitutes cosmogony and cosmology with the constant movement of yin and yang. Yin and Yang as representing earth and heaven are dynamic breaths, blending harmoniously to become all existence. The ethical implication of the inter-religious dialogue between the spirit and ch'i would be the integration and interconnection of heaven, earth, and human beings. The dialogue suggests becoming one body with nature and human community through embodying the non-dualistic spirit of life. The inter-relationality means that since all modalities of existence are made of the cosmic life, human beings are part of the divine cosmic process. This is related to degree of spirituality in the entire chain of being: rocks, trees, animals, humans, and goods represent different levels of spirituality based on the varying composition of the spirit and ch'i. All beings that internally embody with the spirit and ch'i are organically inter-connected, and they are integral part of a continuous process of transformation of life towards holistic liberation of human and nature community.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.2 s.40
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• pp.93-107
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• 2005

We determined $^{40}Ar/^{39}Ar$ ages of the Tertiary dike swarms and volcanic rocks distributed in the SE Korea where the most prevalent crustal-deformation and volcanism occurred during the period. In previous study, it was disclosed that the mafic dike swarms on both sides (east and west) of the Yeonil Tectonic Line (YTL) were originated from a same magma although they are consistently aligned with different intrusion directions of NS and NE, respectively. Ages of the mafic dike swarms of this study are $47.3\pm0.8Ma$ and $48.0\pm1.3Ma$, respectively and confirm such conclusion. These facts clarify that the YTL acted as a westernmost limit of the crustal deformation, especially clockwise crust-rotation, during the Miocene. Frequent occurrence of basic dikes indicate strongly that the southeastern part of the Korean Peninsula was under E-W extensional stress field at about 48 Ma, intimately related to the India-Asia collision and subsequent sudden change of the Pacific Plate motion. The ages of the uncommonly appearing intermediate and felsic dikes were determined as $55.9\pm1.5Ma$ and $53.0\pm1.0Ma$, respectively. Ages of the andesitic lava of the Hyodongri Volcanics, the dacitic lava of the Yongdongri Tuff, and dacitic rocks intruding and covering the Churyeong Breccia were determined as $24.0\pm0.5Ma,\;21.6\pm0.4Ma$, $21.8\pm0.1Ma,\;and\;22.0\pm0.5Ma$ respectively. The ages from the volcanics agrees well with the stratigraphy established by the latest field survey, which confirms that the $andesitic\~dacitic$ volcanism was followed by the basaltic volcanism during the Early Miocene.