• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.36-44
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• 2020

It is necessary to predict the activation time of fire detectors accurately to improve the reliability for evaluating the required safe egress time (RSET) in performance-based fire safety design. In this study, problems of the plunge test, which is widely applied in assessing fire detectors, were examined through experiments and numerical simulations. In addition, a new shield-cup test method was proposed to address these problems. A fire detector evaluator (FDE) developed in a previous study was applied to ensure measurement accuracy and reproducibility. During the plunge tests, a significant measurement error was observed in the activation time of the smoke detector because of the rapid flow change when the detector was input. However, during the shield-cup tests, slight changes occurred in the flow inside the FDE when the detector as exposed to smoke. In conclusion, the proposed shield-cup test method is expected to be useful for evaluating the response characteristics of fire detectors more accurately in simulated fire environments.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Industrial Safety Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.82-87
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• 2002

지금까지의 화재감지시스템은 하나의 입력요소에 대하여 화재, 비화재로 판단하는 단순한 형태의 신호를 발신하여 하나의 요소로만 화재를 판단하여 왔다. 또한 기존의 화재감지시스템은 화재 시에 발생되는 열, 연기, 불꽃 등에 대하여 감지기회로에서의 미리 지정한 고정값과의 비교를 통하여 정해진 기준을 넘을 경우 화재로 판정한다. 그러나 고정값을 기준으로 신호를 발신하게 되어있는 화재감지기의 동작은 상황에 따라 불확실한 경우가 발생한다.(중략)

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2013.04a
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• pp.154-155
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• 2013

2007년 1월 1일부터 2012년 5월 31일까지의 주택화재에 대한 소방방재청의 통계자료를 보면 공동주택에서 발생하는 화재는 매년 약 10,000여건 이상이 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 전체 화재발생의 약 30%정도를 차지하고 있으므로 조기에 인명을 대피시키기 위한 경보설비의 필요성은 더욱 높아지고 있는 상황이다. 화재감지기는 보통 거실/방 등의 천정에 위치하는데, 해당 화재감지기가 제대로 작동하는지를 점검하기 위해서는 점검기구를 이용하여 열 또는 연기를 각 감지기에 직접 가하는 방법으로 개별적인 점검을 하고 있다. 그러나 공동주택과 같이 사생활침해가 우려되는 건물의 침실 등에 설치된 화재감지기를 점검하는 경우 점검자가 해당 세대에 직접 들어가 점검을 수행해야 하기 때문에 현실적으로 100% 점검이 불가능한 상황이다. 따라서 본 논문은 이와 같은 문제점을 해결하기 위한 방안을 제시한 것으로서, 화재감지기가 정상작동 여부를 수신기에서 원격으로 점검할 수 있도록 하기위한 것이다.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.74-79
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• 2012

This study is described for development of the stand-alone smoke and heat detector (SASHD) according to the revised in 2011 type approval and performance inspection code for detector. The main improvement of the revised regulation is source. CMOS microcontroller with nano watt technology is use for development of the workable SASHD over 10 years. The low-power SASHD is developed by using the power-saving sleep mode of microcontroller, by making the low-power source voltage checker, heat detector and smoke detector. The stand-alone detector is developed by smoke and heat detector type for reduce false fire alarm. User can choose type of work between the heat detection mode and smoke & heat detection mode. The SASHD can communicate with each them using RS-485 communication supported from microcontroller. So, this study can develop the SASHD that is able to alarm more wide area when fire occurs and reduce a flash fire alarm.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.7964-7970
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• 2015

In enclosed areas such as railway tunnels, the heat and smoke generated by a fire can pose a tremendous risk to the life of passengers. To prevent or mitigate such scenarios, fire detectors are installed for early fire detection. This numerical study is preformed for establishing the method of detecting performance of fire detectors installed on railway tunnels. Numerical analysis are conducted using the fire dynamics simulator, developed by the NIST. The temperature of the tunnel walls is determined using the assumed exterior structure of the tunnel. In addition, the detection times of detectors installed at different locations in the tunnel are obtained for different sizes of the fire source, and the results are compared and analyzed.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.54-63
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to test the adaptability of the CO sensor as a fire detector by analyzing its sensing characteristics on fire. In order to test the applicability, we designed and made a fire testing ground whose size is similar to that regulated by UL 268, carried out real fire tests suggested by UL 268, and conducted a comparison analysis on the sensing characteristics between the CO sensor and a photoelectric smoke detector by different types of fire source. The experiment result to the sensing characteristics of the CO sensor is about twice to three times faster than that of the photoelectric smoke detector, proceeding with incomplete combustion such as paper and wood fire source in the initial fire. Especially in case of wood smoldering fire, sensing characteristics of the CO sensor is very excellent.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2012.04a
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• pp.425-428
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 터널 내 유고 상황을 실시간으로 빠르게 감지하여 터널 관리자에게 상황을 전달하여 터널의 안전한 운영에 도움을 줄 수 있는 컴퓨터 비전을 이용한 터널 유고감지 시스템을 제안하였다. 제안한 시스템은 관리자, 서버, 영상 검지기로 구성되며 영상 검지기의 경우 객체를 추출하기 위하여 배경차이법을 사용하였으며, 터널 내에서 발생하는 조명의 변화, 입 출입구의 조명의 영향, 카메라의 프리컬링 잡음의 영향을 최소화하였으며, 터널 내에서 발생할 수 있는 정지물체, 차량 외 통행, 연기, 역주행, 정체 지체의 유고 상황을 감지하는 방법을 개발하였다. 제안한 시스템을 전남 여수의 마래터널 및 엑스포터널, 전북 임실의 운암터널에서 실험한 결과 터널 내에서 발생하는 유고 상황을 감지하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2018.07a
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• pp.289-290
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• 2018

본 과제는 각종 센서를 활용하여 빠르고 정확하게 화재를 감지하고 스프링클러를 활용한 초기진압과 동시에 어플리케이션을 통한 자동신고 기능을 포함하고 있다. 열/연기 감지센서를 통해 빠르게 화재 발생을 감지하고 화재감지기에 부착되는 Zigbee통신으로 스프링클러 시스템과 통신하여 초기진압을 하며, 고유 번호로 정확한 화재진원지를 파악하여 소방원들의 화재진압에 도움이 된다. 또한 연동되어있는 어플리케이션의 자동 신고기능을 통해 소방서에 정보를 제공하여 빠른 출동이 가능하게 되고 스피커를 통해 화재발생시 화재경보로 알려주어 신속한 대피를 할 수 있다.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.64-70
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• 2014

The neural networks were able to be used by analyze fire source with the optical characteristics of smoke particles. The neural networks were learned the optical characteristics for three types test fire (paper, wood, flammable liquid). These test fires which were adopted in this study were also used to performance test of smoke detector according to UL268. A smoke chamber which was able to detect light extinction and scattering simultaneously was created. The optical characteristics of smoke particles were measured by the smoke chamber. And the results were used to input data for the neural networks. The neural networks distinguished the fire source accurately for paper fire, wood fire or flammable liquid fire. The neural networks distinguished accurately the combined fire source such as paper-wood fire, paper-flammable liquid fire or wood-flammable liquid fire.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 2011

Due to the rapid development of construction technology with effective land utilization in this nation, many tunnels were and are being built across the country. However, the smoke and the heat generated from tunnel fire are the most important critical factors which may results in both massive personal injury and property damage, especially, due to the closed surrounding of the tunnel. Considering this particular nature of the tunnels, this study aims to install a fire detection system using an optic fiber cable to measure the temperature changes, compare, and analyze the resulted values with the times of temperature changes of the sensor by performing fire simulations under the same condition as a real fire test. From the results, it has been found that the temperature sensor detects a fire occurrence and generates an alarm within one minute after ignition for both a real fire test and a fire simulation alike, and also that the characteristics of temperature changes of the sensor has close relations with the speeds of the currents inside the tunnel. In addition, considering the tunnel fires can affect the evacuation efficiency and the fire extinguishing activities of the fire brigade inside the tunnel, the temperature sensor must be able to search and find the locations and directions of the fires correctly.