• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.66-81
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• 2011

In this study, it was aimed to develop a thermal-hydraulic-mechanical coupled fracture mechanics code that models a fracture initiation, propagation and failure of underground rock mass due to thermal and hydraulic loadings. The development was based on a 2D FRACOD (Shen & Stephasson, 1993), and newly developed T-M and H-M coupled analysis modules were implemented into it. T-M coupling in FRACOD employed a fictitious heat source and time-marching method, and explicit iteration method was used in H-M coupling. The validity of developed coupled modules was verified by the comparison with the analytical result, and its applicability to the fracture initiation and propagation behavior due to temperature changes and hydraulic fracturing was confirmed by test simulations.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.127-127
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• 2023

지표수와 하상 경계층에서 발생하는 흐름 교환은 하천, 호소, 연안, 해안 등 자연계에 존재하는 수환경시스템에서 일반적으로 나타나는 수리학적 특성으로서, 흐름 교환이 발생하는 경계층 아래 하상층 영역을 혼합대(hyporheic zone)라 부른다. 수질오염사고 등에 의해 외부의 오염물질이 하천 내 유입될 경우, 혼합대 흐름에 의해 하상층으로 침투되고 지표수 대비 유속이 느린 하상 내 공극 흐름에 의해 거동함에 따라 이들의 하천 내 체류시간이 증가하게 된다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 지표수와 하상 흐름을 연계한 수치해석 방법을 적용하여 혼합대가 지표수 내 용질 체류시간에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 먼저 연직 2차원 Reynolds 평균 Navier-Stokes(RANS) 방정식과 Darcy 방정식을 연계하여 지표수와 하상 내 흐름을 해석하였다. 지표수 영역은 RANS 방정식을 이용하여 모의하였고, 지표수 흐름해석에서 얻어진 하상의 압력장을 경계조건으로 하여 Darcy 방정식과 함께 하상 내 흐름을 모의하였다. 여기서 하상의 형태는 자연계 하천에서 일반적으로 관찰되는 사련하상(Ripple bed)으로 모사하였다. 이후, 지표수-하상 연계모의를 통해 얻어진 흐름 결과를 바탕으로 지표수-하상 경계층에서 용질거동을 모의하였다. 흐름 모의결과를 과거 실험자료와 비교한 결과, 지표수 영역 내연직흐름 분포를 정확하게 재현하였고, 동시에 혼합대 흐름 구조에 큰 영향을 미치는 지표수-하상 경계층 압력 분포 역시 관측값과 유사하게 나타났다. 용질거동 해석을 통해 얻어진 용질의 체류시간을 분석한 결과, 혼합대 흐름이 고려된 경우(투수성 하상)와 고려되지 않은 경우(불투수성 하상)를 비교했을 때 전자에서 체류시간 분포의 감수곡선이 길어지고 첨두농도가 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 아울러, 지표수 영역의 유입부 경계의 평균 유속이 증가함에 따라 최대 체류시간이 감소하는 것으로 나타났는데, 이는 지표수-하상 경계층에서의 압력 경사가 커져 혼합대 내 유속이 증가함에 기인하는 것으로 분석되었다.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.127-142
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• 2024

The robustness of a numerical method means that its computational performance is maintained under various modeling conditions. New numerical methods or codes need to be assessed for robustness through benchmark testing. The TOUGH-FLAC modeling approach has been applied to various fields such as subsurface carbon dioxide storage, geological disposal of spent nuclear fuel, and geothermal development both domestically and internationally, and the modeling validity has been examined by comparing the results with experimental measurements and other numerical codes. In the present study, a benchmark test of the TOUGH-FLAC approach was performed based on a coupled thermal-hydro-mechanical behavior problem with an analytical solution. The analytical solution is related to the temperature, pore water pressure, and mechanical behavior of a fully saturated porous medium that is subjected to a point heat source. The robustness of the TOUGH-FLAC approach was evaluated by comparing the analytical solution with the results of numerical simulation. Additionally, the effects of thermal-hydro-mechanical coupling terms, fluid phase change, and timestep on the computation of coupled behavior were investigated.

• 기계와재료
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.60-69
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• 2010

고분해능의 첨단 재료분석 장비들의 발달로 인해 철강재료 연구에서도 마이크로, 나노 단위 이하에서의 재료거동 해석 등 새로운 개념의 연구가 진행되고 있다. 특히 전자현미경과 연계한 이미지 기반 나노 물성 측정과 예측 기술은 주로 구조용 재료로 사용되는 철강 재료에서도 결정립 단위의 미세 물성 및 거동을 정밀 분석 가능하게 하여, 이를 통해 재료 전체의 물성까지도 예측할 수 있게 되었다. 이와 같은 물성과 신뢰성 예측 능력 향상은 최종 제품의 품질 제고와 효율적인 제조 공정으로의 개선을 유도하기에, 첨단 분석 장비의 적극적인 활용은 철강 산업에서 큰 역할을 하고 있다. 이에 본 고에서는 여러 가지 재료 분석 장비를 통합적으로 연계 활용하여 다양한 용도의 철강 재료에 대해 그 미세 거동 및 미세물성을 측정, 분석한 연구들에 대해 소개한다.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.601-608
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• 2011

In order to design floating structures, it should be required to evaluate hydrodynamic motions and structural behavior under the wave loadings. Then, structural behavior of floating structures should be evaluated including the effects of wave-induced hydraulic pressure subjected to floating structures. However, there has been a problem to exactly evaluate structural behavior of floating structures since it was difficult to directly connect wave-induced hydraulic pressure resulting from hydrodynamic analysis with structural analysis model. In this study, in order to exactly evaluate structural behavior of floating structures under the wave loading, integrated analysis of hydrodynamic motion and structural behavior was carried out to the large-scaled floating structure. The wave-induced hydraulic pressure resulting from hydrodynamic analysis AQWA were directly mapped to structural analysis model ANSYS bia Workbench interface of ANSYS Inc.. As the results of this study, it was found that the integrated analysis of this study evaluate exactly structural behavior of floating structures under the wave loadings since this method can directly reflect wave-induced hydraulic pressure resulting from hydrodynamic analysis to structural analysis model. Also, as the results of structural behavior evaluation, it was found that the tensile stress on the top slab was maximized at the wave direction of $0^{\circ}$, and tensile stress on the bottom slab was maximized at the wave direction of $45^{\circ}$, respectively.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.317-326
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• 2024

In this paper, compression molding-structural coupled analysis was proposed to accurately consider the effect of initial compression molding conditions on the mechanical behavior of short-fiber reinforced composite structures. To this end, local short-fiber orientations depending on the initial charge conditions were investigated using compression molding analysis, and a mean-field homogenization scheme was employed to efficiently derive equivalent orthotropic material properties determined by short-fiber orientations. Furthermore, based on the refined finite element model with short-fiber orientation, compression molding-structural coupled analysis precisely described the locally independent mechanical behavior induced by initial molding conditions. Consequently, it could be confirmed that the proposed analysis model provides a reasonable solution in the design process of short-fiber reinforced composite structures manufactured by compression molding.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.166-180
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• 2016

The present study numerically simulated the CO2 injection into the saline aquifer of CO2CRC Otway pilot project and the resulting hydrological-mechanical coupled process in the storage site by TOUGH-FLAC simulator. A three-dimensional numerical model was generated using the stochastic geological model which was established based on well log and core data. It was estimated that the CO2 injection of 30,000t over a period of 200 days increased the pressure near the injection point by 0.5 MPa at the most. The pressure increased rapidly and tended to approach a certain value at an early stage of the injection. The hydrological and mechanical behavior observed from the CO2 flow, effective stress change and stress-strength ratio revealed that the CO2 injection into the saline aquifer under the given condition would not have significant effects on the mechanical safety of the storage site and the hydrological state around the adjacent fault.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.46-46
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• 2020

하천의 합류부는 지류와 본류가 만나 수리 및 수질 특성이 변화하는 구간으로 매우 중요한 지점이다. 따라서, 최근에는 ADCP와 같은 측정장비를 활용하여 실제하천을 대상으로 합류부의 수리학적 혼합거동을 분석하는 많은 연구들이 수행되고 있다. 하지만 기존의 연구들은 대부분 중소하천 규모의 합류부를 대상으로 연구가 수행되었고, 유속이 존재하는 하천을 대상으로 연구가 수행되었다. 그리고 기존의 연구들은 대부분 수리특성을 활용하여 합류부의 지형학적 특성을 함께 고려한 연구가 대부분 수행되어 합류부의 수질적인 혼합거동을 분석한 사례는 매우 드물다. 이에 본 연구에서는 낙동강과 황강합류부에서 ADCP와 YSI를 활용하여 본류의 유량이 지류에 비해 매우 크고 저유속인 대하천에 유입되는 지류를 대상으로 수리·수질 특성을 기반으로 혼합 패턴을 분석하였다. 수리특성 분석을 위해 ADCP를 활용하여 수심평균유속분포, 2차류를 분석하였고, 수질특성을 분석하기 위해 YSI의 전기전도도(EC)를 수질인자로 활용하여 합류부의 혼합 거동을 분석하였다. YSI 장비는 보트에 장착하여 단면 혹은 수심방향으로 이동식으로 적용하였고, 공간위치는 동시에 운용된 ADCP의 GPS자료와 연동하였다. 분석결과, 기존의 ADCP의 유속측정 결과로는 본 연구대상과 같은 저유속 대하천에서 공간적 혼합 거동을 포착하는데 한계가 나타났다. 반면에, 수질인자(EC)를 연계하여 합류부 수질의 공간분포를 나타낼 경우 본 대상인 황강-낙동강 합류부와 같은 평수기 저유속 대하천의 혼합거동을 포착 및 분석할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 대하천의 저유속인 합류부의 혼합 거동 분석은 유속분포와 같은 수리특성과 함께 수질인자(EC)를 연계한 분석을 통할 경우 혼합 거동의 분석이 용이해짐을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.155-167
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• 2015

The thermal-hydrological-mechanical (T-H-M) behavior of rock mass surrounding a high-temperature cavern thermal energy storage (CTES) operated for a period of 30 years has been investigated by TOUGH2-FLAC3D simulator. As a fundamental study for the development of prediction and control technologies for the environmental change and rock mass behavior associated with CTES, the key concerns were focused on the hydrological-thermal multiphase flow and the consequential mechanical behavior of the surrounding rock mass, where the insulator performance was not taken into account. In the present study, we considered a large-scale cylindrical cavern at shallow depth storing thermal energy of $350^{\circ}C$. The numerical results showed that the dominant heat transfer mechanism was the conduction in rock mass, and the mechanical behavior of rock mass was influenced by thermal factor (heat) more than hydrological factor (pressure). The effective stress redistribution, displacement and surface uplift caused by heating of rock and boiling of ground-water were discussed, and the potential of shear failure was quantitatively examined. Thermal expansion of rock mass led to the ground-surface uplift on the order of a few centimeters and the development of tensile stress above the storage cavern, increasing the potential of shear failure.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.33-46
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• 2004

This paper presents the effect of groundwater on tunnel excavation. Fundamental issues in tunneling under high groundwater table are discussed and the effect of groundwater on tunnel excavation was examined using a 3D stress-pore pressure coupled finite-element analysis. Based on the results the interaction mechanism between the tunnelling and groundwater is identified for cases having different lining permeabilities. Examined items include pore pressures around lining and lining stresses. Face deformation behavior as well as ground surface movement patterns was also examined. Besides, the effect of grouting pattern was investigated. The results indicated that the effect of groundwater on tunnel excavation increases lining stresses as well as ground movements, and that the tunnel excavation and groundwater interaction can only be captured through a fully coupled analysis. Implementations of the findings from this study are discussed in great detail.