• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.30 no.5
• /
• pp.108-115
• /
• 2016

Fire detectors play an important role in alerting the related people to the initial stages of fire to protect assets and life. Therefore, the performance in detecting fires in the early stages without the risk of false alarms is important. Owing to a recent revision of the national fire safety standards to install smoke detectors in living rooms used for sleeping, staying, hospitalizing in apartment house/efficiency apartment/lodging facility/medical facility/facility for elderly and young, the application of smoke detectors is increasing. On the other hand, there is lack of research in preventing false alarms. This study improved algorithms to prevent false alarms in analog photoelectric smoke detector's due to sudden dust and better classify pollution and fire signals through a self-compensatory function. Through this study, alternatives are suggested to reduce the number of false alarms of Analog Photoelectric smoke detectors, and prevent financial losses due to false alarms.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
• /
• v.13 no.8
• /
• pp.313-323
• /
• 2019

For the actors on video, facial expression acting can easily become 'forced facial expression' or 'over-acting'. Also, if self-restraint is emphasized too much, then it becomes 'flat acting' with insufficient emotions. By bringing forth questions in regard to such facial expression acting methods, this study analyzed the facial expression acting of the actors in genre dramas with strong commercial aspects. In conclusion, the facial expression acting methods of the actors in genre dramas were being conducted in a typical way. This means that in visual conventions of video acting, the aesthetic standard has become the important standard in the facial expression acting of the actors. In genre dramas, the emotions of the characters are often revealed in close-up shots. Within the close-up shot, the most important expressive medium in a 'zoomed-in face' is the 'pupil of the eye', and emotions are mostly expressed through the movements of the eye and muscles around it. The second most important expressive medium is the 'mouth'. The differences in the degree of opening and closing the mouth convey diverse emotions along with the expression of the 'eye'. In addition, tensions in the facial muscles greatly hinder the expression of emotions, and the movement of facial muscles must be minimized to prevent excessive wrinkles from forming on the surface of the face. Facial expressions are not completed just with the movement of the muscles. Ultimately, the movement of the muscle is the result of emotions. Facial expression acting takes place after having emotional feelings. For this, the actor needs to go through the process of 'personalization' of a character, such as 'emotional memory', 'concentration' and 'relaxation' which are psychological acting techniques of Stanislavsky. Also, the characteristics of close-up shots that visually reveal the 'inner world' should be recognized. In addition, it was discovered that the facial expression acting is the reaction acting that provides the important point in the unfolding of narratives, and that the method of facial expression and the size of the shots required for the actors are different depending on the roles of main and supporting characters.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.297-307
• /
• 2022

This study examined whether there was a difference in the attitude toward the recommended product and the effect on the choice deferral according to information sources. Experiment 1 examined the relationship between trust in information and product attitude, and between uncertainty and choice deferral according to information sources (AI chatbot vs. human). Experiment 2 examined the impact of social presence, perceived personalization, and choice deferral according to whether anthropomorphism of AI chatbots or not. The research results are as follows. First, consumers were found to have a more positive attitude toward products recommended by AI chatbots (vs. human). Second, consumers were more choice deferral whether to purchase products recommended by AI chatbots (vs. human). Third, it was found that consumers' selection of products recommended by anthropomorphic AI chatbots (vs. impersonated AI chatbots) increased. Also, the implications of this study and future research directions were discussed.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.167-173
• /
• 2019

This study aimed to point out the social meaning of acting and art and the change of perception according to the time change. The research method was based on qualitative research through literature review. Based on the findings of this study, the following conclusions should be made. Acting is an art directly linked to the life of an individual. Therefore, the life of an individual is an activity that sublimates his or her life into art through acting. Every activity that we do in our daily life is acting, which is directly related to our talents. In other words, a talented person is recognized as a good actor, and a person with a lack of talent plays the role of an extra person. However, talent is influenced by effort and is also influenced by a given environment. That is, an individual's talent is not fixed but can be changed according to the situation. Education is the area that deals with the possibility of changing these talents. Education has been operating in a variety of ways, but with regard to acting, it has long been centered on apprenticeship education. However, as the 20th century began, systems gradually began to emerge, and in recent years, countries have developed into different educational systems. Therefore, it is necessary to practice the development and operation of various education programs so that the acting and the art are naturally applied in everyday education process and can be applied in daily life.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
• /
• 2011.11a
• /
• pp.486-489
• /
• 2011

건축물 내 외벽에 주로 사용되는 건축용 자재 중 샌드위치 패널은 양면으로 도장한 철판 사이에 심재로 단열재를 넣어 구성된 합성복합자재이다. 샌드위치 패널의 사용범위는 창고시설 및 공업용 건축 등의 용도로 많이 사용되고 있으며, 최근에는 시공에 따른 이점으로 주택 및 상업용등으로 널리 확대되어 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 화재초기의 연기밀도는 인명 대피 시 시야확보에 있어 중요한 역할을 하기에 현재 국내에서 사용되는 건축용 외장재를 용도별로 선정하여 시간에 따른 연기밀도의 값을 구하고 용도에 따른 화재 연기의 확산 정도를 예측하는데 목적을 두었다.

• Korean Architects
• /
• no.6 s.66
• /
• pp.36-42
• /
• 1974

설계가 잘 되어있는 문은 사람이나 물건의 출입에 큰 지장을 주지않고 분리, 차음 및 안전등의 제기능을 충분히 발휘할 것이다. 화염이나 연기의 확산을 조지시키는 일은 안전상 가장 중요한 일 중의 하나이다. 건물의 여러곳에 위치한 문의 기능, 성능의 평가방법과 기준등은 전세계에서 논의의 대상이 되고 있다. 건물의 각부분은 내화구조구획에 의해 각각 분리될 수 있으며, 각 구획을 통하는 개구부는 화재시 자기의 기능을 충분히 발휘할 수 있는 문에 의해 차단될 수 있다. 첫째, 문은 그 문이 위치한 벽체에서 화재차단의 효과를 가져야 하며, 둘째, 피난통로의 안전을 조해하는 연소부산물이 침투하는 것을 방지하여야 한다. 그러므로 모든 방화문은, 건물에서 그 위치의 정도에 따라 연기와 화재의 확산을 막는 장벽으로서의 역할이 요구된다. 본 내용은 현재 논의되고 있는 상황에 대한 영국건축연구소의 연구보고서의 요약 소개이다.

• Review of KIISC
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.7-15
• /
• 2021

국제전기통신연합(ITU)은 UN 산하 정보통신기술에 대한 전문 국제표준화기구이다. 193개 회원국, 약 900개 기업 및 학교 멤버 등으로 구성되어 있으며, 산하에 전기통신표준화부문(ITU-T), 전기통신개발부문(ITU-D), 그리고 전파통신 부문(ITU-R) 등 3개의 부문으로 구성되어 있다[1]. ITU-T는 역할과 임무에 따라 11개의 연구반 (SG, study group)으로 구성되며, 각 업무에 맞는 선도 그룹(Lead Study Group)을 지정하여 국제표준을 개발하고 있다. 정보보호 국제표준은 ITU-T SG17(보안)에서 담당하고 있다[2]. ITU-T 국제표준화 조직은 4년 주기의 연구회기(Study Period)로 연구반 구조조정, 의장단 선출 및 표준화 추진 방향을 WTSA(World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly) 총회에서 결정한다. 2020년 11월에도 WTSA-20 총회가 개최될 예정이었으나, 코로나19로 총회가 2022.3월로 연기되었다. 본 논문에서는 WTSA-20 총회가 연기됨에 따라 기존 연구회기(2017.1-2020.12)의 연장인 추가 연구회기(2020.11-2022.2) 동안에 ITU-T SG17 의장단과 연구반 내에 구조조정 결과에 대해 정리하고, SG17 국제표준화 현황을 다룬다.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.19 no.1 s.57
• /
• pp.80-86
• /
• 2005

In this study effects of the natural wind and the forced smoke ejection by operating the exhaust fan are studied numerically to examine the flow characteristics of the smoke and heat generated from a fire on the platform of an underground subway station. Three different situations, including 1) the case with no natural wind and no exhaust fan operation, 2) the case with natural wind but no exhaust fan operation and 3) the case with no natural wind but exhaust fan operation, are considered for the numerical analyses. The numerical results show that the natural wind causes a rapid spread of the fire along the tunnel resulting in rapid spread of the smoke and heat over the platform which affects the escape. The operation of the exhaust fan also results in the rapid spread of smoke and heat over the platform, but the time required for reaching the safe escaping height of the smoke layer with the exhaust fan operation is much longer than that without the exhaust fan operation. The numerical results also show that the required capacity of the exhaust fan becomes larger when the effect of the natural wind is included.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
• /
• v.13 no.6
• /
• pp.451-462
• /
• 2011

The smoke control system plays the most important role in securing evacuation environment when a fire occurs in road tunnels. Smoke control methods in road tunnels are classified into two categories which are longitudinal ventilation system and transverse ventilation system. In this study it is intended to review the characteristics of smoke behavior by performing numerical analysis for calculating the optimal smoke exhaust air volume with scaled-model and simulation when a fire occurs in tunnels in which transverse ventilation is applied, and for obtaining the basic data required for the design of smoke exhaust systems by deriving optimal smoke exhaust operational conditions for various conditions. As a result of this study, when the critical velocity in the tunnel is 1.75 m/s and 2.5 m/s, the optimal smoke exhaust air volume has to be more than $173m^3/s$, $236m^3/s$ for the distance of the smoke moving which can limit the distance to 250 m. In addition, in case of uniform exhaust the generated smoke is effectively taken away if the two exhaust holes near the fire region are opened at the same time.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.79-84
• /
• 2009

The smoke control system plays the most important role in securing evacuation environment when a fire occurs in road tunnels. Smoke control methods in road tunnels are classified into two categories which are longitudinal ventilation system and transverse ventilation system. In this study it is intended to review the characteristics of smoke behavior by performing numerical analysis for calculating the optimal smoke exhaust air volume when a fire occurs in tunnels in which transverse ventilation is applied, and for obtaining the basic data required for the design of smoke exhaust systems by deriving optimal smoke exhaust operational conditions for various conditions. As a result of this study, when the critical velocity in the tunnel is 1.75m/s and 2.5m/s, the optimal smoke exhaust air volume has to be more than $173m^3/s$, $236m^3/s$ for the distance of the smoke moving which can limit the distance to 250m. In addition, in case of uniform exhaust the generated smoke is effectively taken away if the two exhaust holes near the fire region are opened at the same time.