• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1163-1170
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• 2015

Various computational methods for obtaining volatilities for financial time series are reviewed and compared with each other. We reviewed model based GARCH approach as well as the data based method which can essentially be regarded as a smoothing technique applied to the squared data. The method for high frequency data is focused to obtain the realized volatility. A hybrid method is suggested by combining the model based GARCH and the historical volatility which is a data based method. Korea stock prices are analysed to illustrate various computational methods for volatilities.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.525-538
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• 2018

Myazedi Quadrilingual Stone Inscription of Myanmar, inscribed to the World Heritage List in 2015, is a rare historical artifact which has an exact date of inscription. It is a written record that displays the history, religion, and culture of Myanmar. Since the surface of the Stone Inscription has been rubbed with ink many times during the process of making printed copies for interpretation and academic research, it has developed a serious stain problem. Therefore, scientific analysis of the stain and research on the treatment for its removal have been conducted. In particular, an experiment was conducted on stain removal using laser cleaning and chemical treatment. The stains are mostly ink dirt, which accumulated from previous ink-rubbing processes. In order to conduct the experiment under similar conditions, a sample with similar stain has been reproduced, and a set of different conditions for treatment was applied to the sample to determine an effective solution. Laser cleaning was found to be effective in removing stains from most samples. However, chemical treatment showed different results. The physical friction method using ethanol provided the best result. In conclusion, laser cleaning is an effective universally-applicable technique but chemical treatment with laser cleaning can be considered an alternative method in certain situations.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.39-47
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to examine the progress of negotiations between the two countries regarding the implementation of AFKN's satellite broadcasting on October 4, 1983, as well as the opposition of domestic public opinion, which emerged as an important variable in the negotiation process. Through this, it was intended to lay the foundation for the historical facts necessary to interpret the negotiation process between the two countries over the implementation of AFKN's satellite broadcasting in the context of world history of cultural globalization. As a research method, the historical literature research method was used, focusing on archive documents stored in diplomatic archives. The study revealed that public opinion's movement toward cultural imperialism under domestic political conditions, which had authoritarian control over the media, served as an accidental factor to help carry out the regime's interests of regime protection. Through these findings, this paper interpreted that AFKN-TV's satellite broadcasting, which was implemented under the U.S. Department of Defense plan without the prior consent of the Korean government, clearly shows that Korea has been "semi-forced" into the U.S.-led cultural globalization order.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.133-173
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• 1988

최근 과학기술(科學技術)의 영향을 받아 급변하는 국내외의 환경을 감안할 때, 과학교육(科學敎育)의 중요성은 심각히 인식되고 있으며 특히 수학교육(數學敎育)은 그 비중이 크다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 수학교과과정(數學敎科課程)의 편성(編成)은 매우 중요한 위치에 있으며 현재 문교부(文敎部)에서도 중(中) 고등학교(高等學校)의 수학교과서(數學敎科書)를 새로이 개편하는 작업을 진행하고 있다. 이러한 국가적으로 중요한 작업이 체계적(體系的)인 연구(硏究)와 제도적(制度的)인 개선(改善)을 바탕으로 이루어져야 한다는 생각 아래에서, 각급학교(各級學校)의 교과과정(敎科課程), 행정(行政) 및 제도(制度), 교과서(敎科書) 집필(執筆) 및 지도평가방법(指導評價方法)에서 나타나는 문제점(問題點)을 파악하고 개선방향(改善方向)을 모색하는 데에 본고(本稿)의 목적이 있다. 수학교육(數學敎育)의 목적을 이해하는 데에는 수학(數學)의 특성(特性)을 파악함이 가장 중요하다고 생각된다. 이 특성(特性)의 근원을 산수(算數)와 기하(幾何)의 발단(發端)에서 찾아보았으며 각급학교(各級學校)의 학과내용(學科內容)을 수학(數學)의 역사적(的) 발전단계(發展段階)와 현대수학(現代數學)의 특징(特徵)에 비추어 분석하여 보았다. 그 결과 각급학교(各級學校) 교과과정(敎科課程)이 일관성있게 배열되지 않은 면이 있고 하위(下位)의 능력평가(能力評價)에 치우친 감이 많아, 다음 단계의 교육에 지장을 초래하면서도 오히려 학생들이 수학(數學)을 어렵게 생각하게끔 만드는 원인들을 찾을 수 있었다. 이러한 문제를 개선하기 위해서는 장기적(長期的) 연구(硏究)를 할 수 있는 전문연구집단(專問硏究集團)과 활성화된 교사(敎師)의 재훈련제도(再訓練制度)의 필요성과 아울러 인시제도(人試制度), 지도방법(指導方法), 평가방법(評價方法)의 개선(改善)이 이루어져야 하겠다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.216-232
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• 2020

This research aims to analyze the characteristics of modern public sculptures in Chinese historical and cultural cities, and explore how public sculptures can effectively intervene in historical and cultural elements to show their placeness. In addition, this research provides basic information for the place significance and application of public sculptures. First, the theoretical basis was provided by understanding the concept of historical and cultural city and the concept of Placeness. Second, the related literature and cases were summarized to analyze the expressive characteristics of public sculptures, and the eight factors most related to the place-related characteristics were selected through the evaluation of characteristics from 10 experts. Third, as a case analysis, this study selected 60 cases from 7 magazines with the highest publication volume among public sculptures in China's representative cities, Shanghai, Beijing, and Guangzhou, and finally 15 public sculptures were selected through expert selection. In general, Whether to explore historical and cultural elements or the city's modern humanistic atmosphere, the public sculptures of the three cities all reflect different places.It is the development trend of public sculpture to combine the artistic originality and interaction with the public brought by unique advanced technology, and use the unique historical and human elements of the city to create places that are different from other regions.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.57-66
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• 1987

본 연구는 경관선호에 관한 평가방법을 서술적으로 구명하면서 기존의 경관선호에 관한 평가방법이 자연적 요소를 많이 포함한 경관의 평가출 정착히 하는데 따르는 문제점을 제시하고 경관의 우연적 국면에 따라 경관선호의 우연성(Contingency in Landscape Preference)을 개관하면서 경관평가의 우연성(Contingency in Landscape Evaluation)에 의한 우연적 경관평가방법(Contingent Approach in Landscape Evaluation)의 가능성을 시사했다. 최근까지의 경관평가방법을 크게 분류하면 총체적(Universal) 접근방법, 개성적(Idiosyncratic) 접근방법, 조화적(Contrastic) 접근방법 등으로 나눌 수 있다. 그런데 경관성에서의 우연성을 강조함 으로써, 앞의 세방법만을 가지고서는 경관의 실체 파악이 어렵기 때문에 새로운 방법이 강구되어야 한다. 이의 한 대안으로 경관선호에 대한 평가를 우연적 접근방법으로 해결함으로써 평가영역과 평가요소를 확장시킬 수 있다. 따라서 수학적 매트릭스가 가능하다는 시사를 본 연구에서 구시하면서 새로운 평가방법으로 우연적 경관평가방법을 제시했다. 우연적 경관평가방법은 우연적 경관성에 의한 심미성을 고려하여 종합적으로 분석할 수 있으나 우연적 영역을 의도적으로 설정하지 않는 한 현실적으로 재정적 흑은 시간적 제약성을 지니고 있다. 그러나, 경관선호의 정도에 관한 평가보다는 경관의 본질을 구성하는 모든 요소를 고려한 평가가 경관선호평가에 대한 종합성을 반영할 수 있다. 경관평가의 모호성에도 불구하고 경관의 본질은 우연성에 의존한다고 본다면 우연적 경관평가방법은 크게 무리가 없다. 결국 경관은 생명성을 지니고 있기 때문에 현상으로만 볼 것이 아니라 동시적이면서 산재적 이며 상황적 다양성으로 간주해야 하며 고러란 관점을 강조한 것이 우연적 경관선호 및 경관평가에 대한 접근이라 할 수 있다.도 나타났다. 직업간의 유의성은 학생과 타 직업간에 나타났다. 직업간의 유의성은 학생과 타 직업간에 현격하게 나타났으나, 개인차를 나타내는 속성적 변수는 상호보완적인 변수기능을 수행하고 있기 때문에 다양한 행동의 설명력있는 이유로 볼 수 없다.때로는 민담에서도 풍수가 주제가 되는 경우가 있고, 일반적으로는 역사적 사실이나 인물을 통하여 취락민이지녀온 자연요소에 대한 인식관 또는 그러한 생활에서 나타나는 윤리관 등이 암암리에 표현되기도 한다. 민담을 통하여 우리는 주민들 의식 속에 남아있는 취락의 중요한 요소나 장소들을 찾아볼수 있고 더불어 이들을 중심으로 이루어 졌을지도 모를 생활모습들을 생각해볼 수 있다. 이러한 것들은 $\ulcorner$순응$\lrcorner$의 다른 일면 또는 때에 따라서는 극히 의도적인 $\ulcorner$표현$\lrcorner$적인 한 면모 - 그 대표적인 경우로 정원을 구성하는데 개재된 인간의 의미는 무언가를 표현 또는 표출하고자 함에 있다는 점 -라 볼수도 있을, 예로써 성리학적 사고관념으로써 집과 정사 그리고 주변 경관을 자신의 내적본직 또는 윤리적 영역으로 삼아 묘사.표현.구체화 시켜가기도 한다. 최소한 동족부락의 한두 예들에서 그러한 $\ulcorner$표현$\lrcorner$적 의도에 의한 경관구성의 일면을 확인할수 있지만 엄밀히 생각하여 보면 이러한 예의 경우도 최락의 총체적인 외형은 마찬가지로 $\ulcorner$순응$\lrcorner$의 범위를 벗어나지 않는다. 그렇기 때문에도 $\ulcorner$순응$\lrcorner$과 $\ulcorner$표현$\lrcorner$의 성격과 형태를 외형상으로 더욱이 공간상에서는 뚜렷하게

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.101-122
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• 1999

The history of make-up can go back to the beginning of human being and it can’t be separated from women’s life. The change of history and women's position have given make-up different form and meanings. So make-up becomes another text which can read social·cultural specialty. This study has tried to find out make-up as women culture for women have experienced make-up in a specific situation for a long time and a suit of make-up experience from self-retrospect and made an open channel for women and this paper checked out the possibility of alternative make-up culture. This research used new audience theory of cultural studies which is used for communication study and studied active meaning-construction process and its resistance pleasure. This study saw women as independent subjects not passive victims and how make-up has been different meanings in women’s life. And what pleasure is made and how the way of resistance made constructed in the regulation of make-up.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.539-553
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• 2004

The main aim of this paper is to analyze the influence of the particular social geographical characteristics and the historical background of an area on the thinking and attitudes of its Japanese locals towards immigrant residents. The results of my research suggest the following three points. Firstly, Japanese locals who were strongly attached to their communities were likely to avoid foreign residents. In the areas where new residents were dominant in the community local people were relatively open and accepting to foreign residents. Secondly, age and occupation were influential factors that made some impact on the attitudes of Japanese locals towards foreign residents. When local and foreign residents carried out the same type of occupations Japanese locals were antagonistic with immigrant residents. Finally, the feelings and attitudes of Japanese locals towards migrant residents deeply affected the policies of local governments with regard to treatment of foreign residents, while the policies of local governments for foreign residents might influence the thinking of Japanese local residents about the foreign residents.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.597-610
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• 2022

In this study, we investigated actual cases of assessment science teachers conducted and the cases they preferred in a typical situation based on the curriculum in the context of 'Scientific Inquiries in the History' of Scientific Inquiry Experiment. A questionnaire composed of descriptive questions was developed and a survey was conducted with 70 science teachers with experience in teaching 'Scientific Inquiries in History'. Interviews were conducted with eight of them. The assessment cases were analyzed in terms of the assessment areas and assessment methods, and the results were compared. The analyses of the results revealed that 'scientific inquiry ability' accounted for the highest ratio of the assessment areas in the actual cases of assessment. There were few cases that assessed the core concepts presented in the curriculum, 'the nature of science' and 'scientists' inquiry methods'. The assessment methods were greatly biased toward the report method and various assessment methods were not used. In preferred cases of assessment, the ratio of cases that assessed the core concept increased slightly, however the frequencies remained at a low. As for the assessment methods in preferred cases of assessment, the measurement methods decreased, the performance methods increased, and the informal methods which were not shown in the actual cases appeared. However various assessment methods were still not used. The causes of the survey results were analyzed based on the opinions of the teachers who participated in the interviews. Based on above results, plans to actively conduct NOS assessments in Scientific Inquiry Experiment are discussed.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.27-35
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• 2019

This study is analysed about institutional change of international refugee regime with advent of supernational periods in 21 century. Especially the contents was focused on how the EU countries managed their refugee people and system compared to the Asian counterparts. In the international society, especially EU, the British and German preside the refugee policy and laws very positively so as to enter easily from other countries, however, the Asian countries do not as well like the European countries. In terms of this result, that is based on largely their basic comsiouness and values and norm of world citizenships. This research will be conduceived to erect the new international refugee regime which is related to world citizenships. And this will more help to perform a general international regime than in the past. To conclusion, the research was showed a new refugee paradigm forward between many countries as well.