• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.77-85
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• 2017

Insect pests have been one of the main constraints affecting turf sod cultivation areas, playgrounds, parks, golf courses, airports and other related recreational grounds. However, turfgrass research has been very limited and confined within a limited period of time compared to other branches of crop science in Korea. This review was surveyed from all papers in KCI (Korea Citation Index), SCI (Scientific Citation Index) and SCIE (SCI Expended) journals related to turfgrass research in Korea. Fifty two papers concerning turfgrass insect pest in Korea have hitherto been published in 8 different scientific journals since 1990. Thirty three papers (63.5% of total) were published in Weed and Turfgrass Science. The main topics of focus were divided into two parts; ecological study and control of insect pests. Before the 1990 decade, there were no scientific papers published in relation to turfgrass insect pest science. However, during the 1990, 2000 and 2010 decades, 9, 10 and 14 papers were published respectively in Weed and Turfgrass Science. From 1997, about 2 papers were published per year in the scientific journals. Thirty three insect pest species belonging to 13 families in 6 orders, one Eriophyidae mite, Aceria zoysia and one Armadillidae sowbug, Armadillidium vulgare, have hitherto been listed as turfgrass arthropod pests in Korea. Fifty percent of turfgrass insect pest papers published were focused on whitegrub, Adoretus tenuimaculatus, Popillia quadrigutta and earthworm research in Korea.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.1409-1414
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• 2016

In the larvae of the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens, innate immunity mechanisms are activated in response to various pathogens and stimulants, resulting in the expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). To induce the mass production of AMPs, H. illucens fifth instar larvae were immunized with five different kinds of bacteria. We isolated from the hemolymph of the H. illucens larvae after bacterial challenge, and their antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) were measured using the inhibition zone assay. Among these five different kinds of bacteria, the hemolymph of Bacillus subtilis-challenged H. illucens larvae showed the strongest antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria. The antimicrobial activity of the hemolymph of $1{\times}10^9cfu/ml$ B. subtilis-challenged H. illucens peaks at 24 hr at 48 hr post-infection and gradually declines with time. Moreover, the immunized hemolymph also showed strong antimicrobial activity against various poultry pathogens such as S. enteritidis, S. typhimurium, and S. pullorum. These results suggest that the expression of AMP genes in B. subtilis-challenged H. illucens is up-regulated by innate immune responses, and that B. subtilis-challenged H. illucens overexpressing AMPs may be useful as a feed additive in livestock diets to reduce the need for antibiotics.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.23 no.3 s.81
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• pp.35-47
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• 2005

This paper is to review a literature concerning Bus Transit Route Network Design(BTRNDP), to describe a future study direction for a systematic application for the BTRNDP. Since a bus transit uses a fixed route, schedule, stop, therefore an approach methodology is different from that of auto network design problem. An approach methodology for BTRNDP is classified by 8 categories: manual & guideline, market analysis, system analytic model. heuristic model. hybrid model. experienced-based model. simulation-based model. mathematical optimization model. In most previous BTRNDP, objective function is to minimize user and operator costs, and constraints on the total operator cost, fleet size and service frequency are common to several previous approach. Transit trip assignment mostly use multi-path trip assignment. Since the search for optimal solution from a large search space of BTRNDP made up by all possible solutions, the mixed combinatorial problem are usually NP-hard. Therefore, previous researches for the BTRNDP use a sequential design process, which is composed of several design steps as follows: the generation of a candidate route set, the route analysis and evaluation process, the selection process of a optimal route set Future study will focus on a development of detailed OD trip table based on bus stop, systematic transit route network evaluation model. updated transit trip assignment technique and advanced solution search algorithm for BTRNDP.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 2016

Modern cultural heritage were made with various materials. But there are no certain analysis for modern cultural heritage. Analysis on rickshaw from National Museum of Korean Contemporary History were carried out using P-XRF, species identification, paint film analysis, FT-IR and microscope observation. As a result Copper and Zinc were measured in metal parts. Nickel alloys were first used in the modern era for rickshaw. Wooden parts, Oak(Quercus spp.), bamboo(Phyllostachys spp.) and Hinoki cypress(Chamaecyparis spp.) were identified. Outer films were painted by 5 layers and inner films were painted by 3 layers. More simple painting process were performed on the inner part. Cotton and wool were identified by FT-IR. Also, cowhide were identified. Authenticity conservation and restoration could be carried out with the results.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.6 no.2 s.12
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• pp.77-102
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• 2006

This paper analyzes shaping of the discourse of "avoidance of S&T" throughout 2002 in Korea and main ideas on it and argues that the Korean S&T community is not homogeneous. The Korean S&T community consists of many subgroups with different interest mainly according to the institutions where they work as well as their specialties, qualifications, and tasks. The discourse of avoidance of S&T" was begun with the first notice of the rapid decrease in applications of Korean SAT for S&T majors in the middle of 2001. The decrease was interpreted as a warning sign of the avoidance of S&T among teenagers and developed into the avalanche of discussions on the causes of such rapid decrease around the end of the year. However, through 2002, the "avoidance of S&T' was developed into a general policy agenda covering most of problems in S&T, not just a teenagers' issue any more. Many scientists and engineers claimed that their own difficulties and problems be the main causes of the "avoidance of S&T". In the name of measures to overcome the avoidance, they requested the government to solve their problems and to accept their demands. Those claims varied from group to group. Some of them were shared among all scientists and engineers; some of them were criticized by other groups with different interest in it; some of them did not get any attention of other groups. Scientists and engineers seemed to have no idea on cooperative strategy to draw positive response to their requests from the government.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.66 no.4
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• pp.257-280
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• 2014

This is a study of Jinminso. The purpose of the study is to search and analyze the documents about Jinminso. The data is composed with the first hand historical documents both government documents and civil newspapers which are searched by internet. Based on the documents found, it is safe to say that Jinminso has existed and functioned as an indoor almshouse for the poor. It was established in June 25, 1898 by civil people with donated money in order to reduce the burden of Emperor and to share the love and care for their people with a brotherhood mind. The Jinminso resident were the poor, the sick, the orphans, widows, elderly living alone, and the disabled. They received food, clothes, and shelter. However, Emperor Gojong ordered to shut down Jinminso, and it was closed in Sept. 25, in 1898. The main reason was inappropriate collection of money for the agency operation from the merchants. When Jinminso was closed, all the inmates became homeless. The founders asked to reopen it, and it was accepted but this time was opened as a government agency in 1899. Jinminso imposes great meanings. One, Jinminso was not just an office but a direct service agency housing hundreds of poor people; two, poverty was understood as social problem not just a local district problem; three, rules and regulations were prepared to set up a system of modern age social welfare. The findings provide a clue how the government and society perceived poverty and the poor during the time of late 1800s to early 1900s. The existence of Jinminso will pose many new question.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.127-133
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• 2020

Chibby family member 2 (CBY2), also known as SPERT or NURIT, is a gene with Chibby-like super family domain, whose function is not well known. In this study, the quail CBY2 gene was cloned, its sequences were analyzed, and its role in the myogenesis of QM7 quail muscle cells was characterized. Quail CBY2 has 978 nucleotides, which are translated into 325 amino acids, and the amino acid sequences are highly similar to those of chicken CBY2. Avian CBY2 diverted from mammalian CBY2 during early evolutionary history. According to the protein domain prediction analysis, quail CBY2 has a Chibby-like superfamily domain consisting of 83 amino acids at the N-terminal of the protein, although compared to mammalian CBY2, many of the amino acids were different. CBY2 was highly expressed in the adipose tissue and moderately expressed in the liver, heart, and kidney, whereas rarely expressed in the muscle tissue in quail. To characterize the role of CBY2 in myogenesis, CBY2 was overexpressed in QM7 cells. The overexpression of CBY2 inhibited myotube formation as shown that the myotube area was approximately only 25% that of the control. Taken together, quail CBY2 has a Chibby-like superfamily domain and inhibits myogenesis. Further studies should focus on the identification of the inhibitory mechanism of CBY2 on myogenesis.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.263-268
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• 2007

Most of current works on the PEO-salt electrolytes has been focused on the enhancement of ionic conductivity with an addition of nano-ceramic fillers, but the significant drop of the conductivity with storage time is still in question and has been frequently overlooked. The conductivity drop with aging time has been assumed to come from the incorporation of ceramic particles. However, according to authors, the reported high-temperature values of the conductivity of pure $PEO_8LiCIO_4$ electrolytes are nearly in agreements, but the low temperature values are in great discrepancy reaching up to 10000 times. It indicates that the conductivity at ambient temperature is greatly dependent on the thermal history and sample preparations. In this paper, we showed that the ionic conductivities of both $PEO_8LiCIO_4$ and $PEO_8LiClO_4/Al_2O_3$ polymer electrolytes are strongly dependent on the thermal pretreatment and aging time. The conductivity drop with aging time of both ceramic-free and ceramic composite electrolytes has been measured to be nearly parallel. We showed that the conductivity relaxation with aging time is inherent irrespective of the incorporation of nano-ceramic fillers, since the PEO electrolytes at ambient temperature are in two-phase nature being in non-equilibrium state, never reaching completion.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.55-72
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• 2011

As the complexity of business environment increases rapidly the use advanced information technology start to affect not only the business processes of individual companies but also the fundamental nature of business and industrial ecosystem. The changes observed at the level of business and industrial ecosystem encompasses a broad range of transformation. This unit of analysis is not sufficiently dealt with by existing information systems research. This research attempted to analyze the changes in business ecosystem caused by digital transformation using a relatively new approach called ecosystem mapping. We developed and suggested an ecosystem mapping methodology step by step and applied the methodology to film industry. The film industry is chosen because it is an industry very sensitive to the changes in technology and has gone through massive transformation during the last three decade by way of using modem information technology.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 2002

The types of Alpine ski injuries have changed through the years in relationship to the development of skiing equipment. Modern skis, boots and bindings are better at protecting the tibia, which previously was almost as commonly injured as the knee. Since the 1980s, severe knee sprains, most of them involving the anterior cruciate ligament have tripled while injuries of the lower extremity below the knee diminished significantly. However, recent studies show no further improvements in either lower leg fractures or increase in the rates of ACL sprains has occurred. The use of carving skis presents an increased risk for sustaining isolated ACL injuries in more skilled skiers and less skilled skiers are more likely to sustain an ankle fracture than skiers using conventional skis. To restore the trend of diminishing lower leg injury rates, efforts will be needed to motivate skiers to have their equipment serviced by ski shop professionals following ASTM (American Society for Testing and Material) standard procedures. As of now, there are no boots, bindings or skis on the market designed to protect skiers from the ACL injury. The only method proven to reduce ACL injury Is a training program based on recognizing the circumstances that lead to ACL injury in skiing and to avoid these events.