• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.11
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• pp.1308-1315
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• 2017

This study was conducted to develop Momordica charantia L. juice fermented by four Lactobacillus species such as Lactobacillus paracasei (LPA), Lactobacillus plantarum (LPL), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LRH), and Lactobacillus reuteri (LRE) as well as to investigate their inhibitory effects against digestive enzymes and antioxidant activities. Fermentation was performed at $37^{\circ}C$ without nutrient supplementation for 72 h. The pH and total lactic acid contents were within the ranges of 3.75~3.96 and 5.21~10.04% in fermented juices, respectively. The type of starter culture and fermentation time induced changes in flavonoid contents more than total phenolic contents. All juices fermented for 48 h strongly inhibited ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity with the percentage of inhibition ranging of 91.24~95.05%. Antioxidant activities of all juices mostly increased after 48 h of fermentation. Our results suggest that fermented juice possesses inhibitory activity against digestive enzymes and antioxidant activity, and they can be used as health functional beverages.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 2015

BACKGROUND: Momordica charantia (MC) have been used in various parts of the world to treat diabetes. Despite the highest effects of phytochemicals than any other part of the plant, the main components of seed of MC grown in Korea and their properties have not been studied extensively. METHODS AND RESULTS: The seeds of MC were extracted into five different polarity solvents: 30%, 50%, 70%, 95% ethanol and distilled water. The 95% ethanol extract showed the most potent inhibition ($IC_{50}=88.7{\mu}g/mL$) against ${\alpha}$-glucosidase. To investigate the compounds responsible for this effect, activity guided fractionation of MC seeds by chromatography yielded two phytochemicals which were confirmed as vicine (1) and ${\alpha}$-eleostearic acid (2) based on their NMR and ESI-MS spectroscopic data. Among them, ${\alpha}$-eleostearic acid (2) possessed potent ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activities with $IC_{50}$ values from $32.4{\mu}g/mL$. CONCLUSION: Collectively, the results from this present study strongly suggest that both extract and ${\alpha}$-eleostearic acid (2) have potent ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Furthermore, ${\alpha}$-eleostearic acid (2) as the most active ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitor was proven to be present in high quantities in the MC seeds by a HPLC chromatogram.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.72-75
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate changes in the functional compounds in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.). Four treatments were used to analyze vitamin C, momordicin, K, Mg, and Ca compounds in Dragon bitter gourd on the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th days after pollination. According to the number of days after pollination, level of chemicals containing vitamin C in bitter gourd appeared to decrease continually after pollination, and was the highest, being 74.7 mg/100 g on the 7th day. The level of momordicin, an anti-diabetic was significantly higher in the 7th-day product than that of the 14th day;, meanwhile, there was no significant difference in Ca compounds. These phenomena are considered to fasten the stages of harvest for effective use of functional ingredients in bitter gourd fruits.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.263-263
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• 2019

자동유량측정시설은 하천 유량을 실시간으로 측정하기 위한 수문조사시설로써, 기존 수위-유량관계곡선식으로는 유량산정이 어려운 배수 및 조위영향 구간에서 양질의 유량자료를 확보할 수 있다. 하지만 자동유량측정시설의 경우 시설물 고장 등으로 인해 자료의 결측이 발생할 수 있으며, 단기간 발생한 결측자료는 수문자료품질관리를 통해 보완이 가능하지만 장기간 결측이 발생한 경우 보완방법이 없는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 남한강 유역의 여주시(남한강교)~양평군(양평교) 구간 중 장기간 결측이 발생한 여주보(하류) 지점과 이포보(상류) 지점의 2013년 평수기(3월)와 홍수기(7월) 기간을 선정하여 HEC-RAS 모형을 통해 결측자료의 보완 가능 여부를 검토하였다. HEC-RAS 모의결과 여주보(하류) 지점의 경우 실시간 유량자료와 상대오차는 평저수기(3월), 홍수기(7월) 각각 0.7%와 5.0% 나타났으며, 이포보(상류) 지점은 각각 5.0%와 6.0%로 나타나 장기간 결측 발생시 HEC-RAS 모형을 통해 결측자료 보완이 가능한 것으로 나타났으며, 결측 발생기간에 적용한 결과, 여주보(하류) 지점과 이포보(상류) 지점에서 측정된 검보정 측정성과와 상대오차는 각각 4.0%, 6.0%로 나타나 결측자료 보완이 잘 이루어진 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 남한강 유역의 여주시(남한강교)~양평군(양평교) 구간과 같이 배수영향을 받는 지점에 경우 장기간 결측 발생 시 검증된 지점에 한하여 HEC-RAS 모형과 같은 수치모형을 통해 자료를 보완하는 것이 적절하다고 판단된다. 또한, 이 방법을 통해 현재 보 개방에 따라 유량측정이 어려운 자동유량측정시설의 자료보완 방법으로 일부 적용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.415-425
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• 2017

Purpose: Many studies have suggested that neuronal cells protect against oxidative stress-induced apoptotic cell death by polyphenolic compounds. We investigated the neuroprotective effects and the mechanism of action of Momordica charantia ethanol extract (MCE) against $H_2O_2-induced$ cell death of human neuroblastoma SK-N-MC cells. Methods: The antioxidant activity of MCE was measured by the quantity of total phenolic acid compounds (TPC), quantity of total flavonoid compounds (TFC), and 2,2-Diphenyl-1-pycrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. Cytotoxicity and cell viability were determined by CCK-8 assay. The formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured using 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) assay. Antioxidant enzyme (SOD-1,2 and GPx-1) expression was determined by real-time PCR. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway and apoptosis signal expression was measured by Western blotting. Results: The TPC and TFC quantities of MCE were 28.51 mg gallic acid equivalents/extract g and 3.95 mg catechin equivalents/extract g, respectively. The $IC_{50}$ value for DPPH radical scavenging activity was $506.95{\mu}g/ml$ for MCE. Pre-treatment with MCE showed protective effects against $H_2O_2-induced$ cell death and inhibited ROS generation by oxidative stress. SOD-1,2 and GPx-1 mRNA expression was recovered by pre-treatment with MCE compared with the presence of $H_2O_2$. Pre-treatment with MCE inhibited phosphorylation of p38 and the JNK pathway and down-regulated cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP by $H_2O_2$. Conclusion: The neuroprotective effects of MCE in terms of recovery of antioxidant enzyme gene expression, down-regulation of MAPK pathways, and inhibition apoptosis is associated with reduced oxidative stress in SK-N-MC cells.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.466-473
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• 2016

This study was performed to investigate the reduction in bitter taste and quality characteristics by pretreatments (brining; 1, 5% and blanching; 1, 3 min) in pickled bitter melon, respectively. We prepared picked bitter melon samples at 1%-1 min, 1%-3 min, 5%-1 min, 5%-3 min. Total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents were found to be the highest in 5%-1 min at $14.23{\pm}0.40mg\;CE/g$ (dry) and $4.46{\pm}0.10mg\;RE/g$ (dry), respectively. L-ascorbic acid level was the highest in control samples. Arginine and glutamic acid were increased by brining and blanching. ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activity were found to be the highest at $43.60{\pm}0.40$ and $44.88{\pm}0.20%$ at 5%-1 min, respectively. ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibitory activity was the highest at 5%-1 min. The a value was statistically different, whereas L and b values were similar among different pretreatments. Hardness in pretreated samples was decreased as compared to that in the control. Among sensory evaluations, 'color' did not indicate any statistical difference, while 'texture', 'bitterness preference' and 'overall preference' increased with pretreatments, and 'bitter intensity' decreased.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.129-130
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• 2018

3D애니메이션 <겨울왕국 (Frozen, 2013)> 속 여주인공은 동작의 표현에 있어 캐릭터의 매력을 나타내는 중요한 수단이자 애니메이션 디자인에 있어 핵심적인 부분이다. 또한, 각 캐릭터에서 보여주는 예비동작들의 유머 요소와 내용들은 이 애니메이션의 생명력을 한층 높여준다. 본 연구는 3D애니메이션 <겨울왕국 (Frozen, 2013)> 속 여주인공의 예비 동작과 관련하여 유머요인을 파악하며, 이를 통해 캐릭터의 동작에 내재된 의미를 살펴 불 수 있는 의미 연구라 사료된다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.289-294
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• 2015

In this research, water and ethanol extract of Momordica charantia shells, fruits and seeds were tested to see possibility as natural functional cosmetic agent. Water and ethanol extract showed 69.45 mg/g and 70.87 mg/g polyphenol concentration, respectively. Momordica charantia water and ethanol extracts did not indicate cell toxicity up to $1,000{\mu}g/ml$ concentration in MTT assay. Tyrosinase inhibition effects of water and ethanol extract were lower than arbutin, however, ethanol extract showed better DOPA oxidation inhibition effect than arbutin. Elastase inhibition effects of ethanol extract displayed similar efficacy with adenosine at higher concentrations. Solution formulations (5% extract) were stable for 28 days in both extracts, however, lotion formulation (1% extract) showed considerable variation in viscosity whereas ethanol extraction indicated relative stability. In conclusion, water and ethanol extract of Momordica charantia shells, fruits and seeds indicated strong possibility for whitening and antiwrinkle functional cosmetic ingredient.

• KAPE Magazine
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• s.256
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• pp.13-14
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• 2017

경기도 여주에서 28년간 양돈업을 하며 고품질의 돼지를 생산하고 있는 길목농장의 남상현 대표. 그에게 2017년은 아주 특별한 해가 되었다. 지난 11월 29일 제15회 축산물품질평가대상 시상식에서 영예의 한돈부문 대통령상인 대상을 수상하였다. 남 대표를 만나 그만의 특별한 축산운영에 대한 이야기를 들어보자. 어려서부터 부유하지 않은 농부의 아들로 자라 막연하게 부모님 가업을 승계 받아 농업으로 농사일을 시작하였다는 그는 우연찮게 지인으로부터 축산이 미래가 있다는 조언으로 축산의 길을 선택하게 되었다. 처음에는 한우와 양계로 시작했는데 남 대표에게는 별 매력이 없어 이후 한돈으로 전환하여 우여곡절 끝에 대통령상까지 수상하는 영예를 얻은 것이다.

• Proceedings of the KGS Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.61-61
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• 2004

본 연구는 수도권 농촌지역인 여주 지역의 토지이용 변화, 생활공간 변화, 생활실태의 변화 등을 살펴 급격하게 변화하고 있는 생활공간의 사례를 살펴 지역성을 규명코자 농촌성격이 강한 지목(예; 전, 답, 임야)과 도시적 성격이 강한 지목(대지, 공장용지, 도로용지 등)의 필지변화와 면적변화를 중심으로 토지이용의 변화를 살폈고, 지형도를 통해 과거의 마을에 비해 변해버린 생활ㆍ공간을 추적하였다. 설문지 조사를 통해 주민생활의 실태를 살폈다. (중략)