• Iberoamérica
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.31-72
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• 2020

This study examines the concepts and policy factors regarding gender-mainstreaming strategies and urban areas that have been discussed in the fields of international norms and development cooperation from the perspective of the Mexican government. It analyzes how gender-mainstreaming strategy is integrated and realized through Mexican law and key programs carried out by Mexico City. Through a literature review, this study builds upon previous research and theoretical discussions. In fact, Mexican federal government is considered to have successfully achieved "gender institutionalization." Within the framework of the law and institutions, the programs promoted by Mexico City aim to realize women's rights and meet their needs in the metropolis, while emphasizing a wider participation by citizens to realize these urban rights. In particular, the government of Mexico City is expanding on policies and programs that focus on strengthening the financial autonomy of women by understanding women's vulnerabilities as inequalities arising in the areas of the economy, space, and time.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.111-125
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• 2010

For a shift to a new paradigm that allows restoring solidarity among class, gender, and race, it is necessary to closely investigate the differences between Marxist view and poststructuralist view which provide theoretical basis for labor movement and for feminist movement, respectively. However, little effort has been devoted to this task. This paper critically compares two best wellknown geographers; Harvey's class-centered theory and Gibson-Graham's post-structuralist feminist approach by focusing on their understandings of "difference". David Harvey argues that racial/gender discrimination is another form of class-exploitation and puts priority on the solidarity based on the commonality of labor. On the contrary Gibson-Graham argues that the privileging of class above all else marginalizes other political dimension, and proposes the deconstruction of hegemonic discourse of capitalism and the construction of "community economies", Based on the critical survey of both theories, I propose that understanding the role that spatiality plays in capital accumulation process is the key to compromise two different approaches.

• Sim-seong Yeon-gu
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-26
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• 2010

The Ten Ox Herding Pictures by Kuo-an, a Zen Master of China in the Middle Ages are interpreted from the view point of the analytical psychology of C.G. Jung. Basically, I agree with the previous Jungian comments on it by M. J..Spiegelman, M.Miyuki, and H.Kawai at the Ox Herding Pictures are symbolic manifestations of the individuation process in terms of C.G.Jung. In connection with the process of Jungian analysis, I went through, not only the pictures but also the eulogies and critical comments of Zen masters in order to elucidate the symbolical meanings of each stage of spiritual development in Zen meditation. I noticed that the Ox Herding Pictures suggest the preference of suppression and conscious control of shadow in Jung's terms rather than its assimilation through making conscious the unconscious inferior personality. Also, the feminine psyche seems to be not particularly taken into consideration. In another words, different psychic aspects are represented in one single image : Ox. Due to the simplicity of pictorial expressions, the Ox Herding Pictures provide us possibilities to pour abundant imaginations into the pictures. The images comprise multiple irrational meanings; therefore it is warranted to render multiple interpretations of the Pictures as shown in the eulogies and comments by other Zen masters. The sequences of the Pictures need not coincide with a linear process but rather with a circular process of enlightenment, as Miyuki has suggested. Kuo-an's Pictures clearly suggest the danger of ego inflation and the fact that the final goal of Zen meditation should be the capability of the enlightened to serve the people.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.1590-1603
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• 2007

This study deals with the contents of gender role, using the method of content analysis inquiring total of 40 volumes of the $3rd{\sim}6th$ $\ulcorner$Educational Active Program Guidance Book in Preschools$\lrcorner$ (EAPGP). A lower analysis conviction of gender role was sex division of labor and occupation assortment of the man and woman who gave it and was going to analyze expression for it. The purpose of this study was to make a searching the contents of a gender role in the $3rd{\sim}6th$ EAPGP in Preschools, to offer basics document to the 7th EAPGP. The issues of this study were follows: First, how gender division of labor of man and woman was expressed in EAPGP; Second, how much an occupation of man and woman was expressed in EAPGP; Third, How contents of gender role have been changed in EAPGP. The major findings in this study could be summarized as follows: First, males are described as formal workers and females are mostly seen as housekeepers; second, jobs of males are diversified than those of females; third, gender role discrimination which gives the clues to segregate two sexes tends to be greatly reduced in the 6th EAPGP than in the 3rd, the 4th, and the 5th EAPGP.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.91-124
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• 2007

이 논문은 우리나라의 물리학, 화학, 생물학 분야의 과학자들을 대상으로 한 설문조사를 바탕으로 머튼이 과학자사회의 규범구조로 정식화한 네 가지 규범들-보편성, 공유성, 탈이해관계, 조직화된 회의-과 국가주의 가치관이 실제 과학자사회에서 어느정도 작동하고 있는지를 분석하였다. 전반적으로 응답자들은 한국 과학자사회에서 출신대학과 해외학위라는 귀속적 지위의 영향으로 보편성 규범이 제대로 작동하지 않는 것으로 평가했고, 여성의 경우 성의 영향도 큰 것으로 평가하고 있었다. 공유성과 탈이해관계 규범의 경우 한편으로 공유성과 탈이해관계라는 전통적인 규범이 그리고 다른 한편으로는 비밀주의와 연구주제 선정에 있어서 산업적 응용성과 국가적 필요를 강조하는 국가주의적 가치가 공존하고 있었다. 조직화된 회의 규범의 경우 특히 과학적 증거 이외의 다른 권위들에 대해 회의적인 태도를 견지해야 한다는 규범이 제대로 작동되지 않는다는 평가가 대다수였다. 과학자사회의 규범과 가치에 대한 평가는 각 과학자들의 연구환경에 따라 상이한 모습을 보여주는데 특히 젊은 세대의 과학자들이 보편성과 조직화된 회의 규범의 위반을 더 강도 있게 지적하는 반면 연구 주제의 선정에 있어서 탈이해관계 규범은 부정하는 경향을 보여주고 있다.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.430-437
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• 2013

The present study examined whether sentence perception scores were changed under various conditions of time alteration (compression and/or expansion) and selective word stress in normal hearing listeners. Twenty young normal hearing adults (ten males) were participated. As stimuli, Korean standard-sentence list for adults (KS-SL-A) modified to semantically anomalous sentences was newly recorded by a female speaker. Seven different time-altered conditions (e.g., ${\pm}60%$, ${\pm}40%$, ${\pm}20%$, 0 %) were controlled. To see the effect of selective word stress (i.e., the emphasis of specific syllables in the sentence), all subjects were tested twice 2 weeks apart. The results showed 1) there was significantly different sentence perception scores among the different time-altered conditions, yet only in the 60 % compression condition; 2) there was no significant difference of the sentence perception scores in the effect of stress; however, there was a positive effect of the selective word stress in the sentences consisting of 6 ~ 7 syllables at the 40 % compression condition; 3) there was no significant gender difference. The pattern of results suggests that the combination of time compression and selective word stress is more effective to understand speech, instead of only using time expansion condition. However, further studies should be needed for standardization.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.129-143
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• 2020

Recently, Start-ups has been emphasized as part of a career-breaking women returning to society policy. To this Policy, the relationship between the planned happenstance skills and the entrepreneurial intentions of a career-breaking woman was investigated, and the successful role model as an individual environmental factor and the moderating effect of social support forces was verified. The results of the survey analysis of 139 women who have experienced career cut-offs in the metropolitan area and Dae-gu and Gyeong-buk are as follows; First, the planned happenstance skills of career-breaking women affect a positive effect on the entrepreneurial intentions. Second, it was found that the moderating effect of the successful role model does not appear in the relationship between the planned happenstance skills of a career-breaking woman and the entrepreneurial intentions. Third, it was found that there was no moderating effect of the social support forces in the relationship between the planned happenstance skills and the entrepreneurial intentions of a career-breaking woman. Last, It was found that the entrepreneurial intentions, which is a personal psychological characteristic for career-breaking women is more directly affected than personal environments. In order to increase career-breaking women's the entrepreneurial intentions, it is necessary to develop psychological skill-building programs which can enhance the accessibility of start-ups and raise the perception of Start-ups. In addition, it is necessary to continuously expand exposure opportunities such as role models and success stories which succeeded in starting a business after a career break and to expand social support forces that can help with courage, advice, and change management to discover opportunities of start-ups.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.257-287
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• 1996

The late period of Choson was the renaissance of the modern literature and art of the 'common-people'. Appearance of the common-people class following the emergence of such literature and art highlighted the common costume culture and evoked a fashion. The common trend of fashion of all classes at that time included a exaggerated hair style, a jacket short and tight enough to expose the breasts, a belt looking like a sensual silhouette of a woman body were expressed. Appreciating the human body could be regarded as some social advances at that age, when all the woman's clothing behaviors were restricted and controlled by the Confucian rules. Although eroticism itself is quite dependent on the basic instinct of a human being, this way of expressing eroticism had a social significance, in that women tried to be freed from the long-lasting social bondage. Therefore, the erotic mode during the late half of Choson reflected the society as well the women's repression. In addition, was the disclosure of humanity shadowed by the crusts of the hypocritical and superficial Confucian morality. It implied advances and modernity of the literature and art of the common-people at that time.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.499-511
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to verify the moderating effect of the social support (emotional support, informational support, material support, and appraisal support) on the effect of depression of middle-aged women on internet addiction. The 509 samples were selected through an online survey, and the collected data were conducted using the SPSS WIN26.0 program for frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis. As a result of the analysis, depression had a static effect on Internet addiction. Informational support and material support, among the four sub-factors of social support served as a moderator variable in the relationship between depression and Internet addiction. Based on the results, the followings were proposed; It emphasizes differentiated welfare services and interdisciplinary convergence research that are suitable for middle-aged women's characteristics, and suggests the necessity of internet addiction prevention education such as proper usage habits for internet use.

• Advanced Industrial SCIence
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.31-41
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• 2023

The study aims to identify unmet needs, barriers, and constraints in reproductive health education for adolescent girls in Luwero, Uganda. The study included a survey of 55 young women (aged 14-26) in the region and interviews with 40 stakeholders, including teachers and healthcare workers. Results showed that the majority of respondents (87%) rely on schools for reproductive health information, preferring health institutions (58%) for reproductive health services. Over half of respondents encountered obstacles accessing relevant information due to limited resources and cultural barriers and emphasized the significance of schools and health institutions as essential health information sources. Schools and health institutions need to collaborate to enhance reproductive health education for young women's accessibility.