• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.347-364
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• 2014

The present study was conducted to investigate how emotional expression change, test delay, and background influence on face recognition. In experiment 1, participants were presented with negative faces at study phase and administered for standard old-new recognition test including targets of negative and neutral expression for the same faces. In experiment 2, participants were studied negative faces and tested by old-new face recognition test with targets of negative and positive faces. In experiment 3, participants were presented with neutral faces at study phase and had to identify the same faces with no regard for negative and neutral expression at face recognition test. In all three experiments, participants were assigned into either immediate test or delay test, and target faces were presented in both white and black background. Results of experiments 1 and 2 indicated higher rates for negative faces than neutral or positive faces. Facial expression consistency enhanced face recognition memory. In experiment 3, the superiority of facial expression consistency were demonstrated by higher rates for neutral faces at recognition test. If facial expressions were consistent across encoding and retrieval, memory performance on face recognition were enhanced in all three experiments. And the effect of facial expression change have different effects on background conditions. The findings suggest that facial expression change make face identification hard, and time and background also affect on face recognition.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.389-408
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• 2012

'Verbal overshadowing' refers to the phenomenon whereby the verbal reporting of a visual memory of a face interferes with subsequent visual recognition of that face. Schooler (2002)[1] suggested that verbalization causes a shift from a holistic/global processing orientation towards a more analytic/local processing orientation that is detrimental to face recognition. The present research investigated whether this processing shift occurs or not by assessing performance of Navon task following face recognition task, interposing verbalization between encoding stage and retrieval stage. The face recognition task showed the verbal overshadowing effect. In the Navon task, while non-verbalization group showed global precedence, verbalization group showed local precedence. This results imply that the cause of verbal overshadowing effect is a processing shift induced by verbalization.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.101-116
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• 2011

Current researches on emotion detection classify emotions by using the information from facial, vocal, and bodily expressions, or physiological responses. This study was to review three representative emotion recognition methods, which were based on psychological theory of emotion. Firstly, literature review on the emotion recognition methods based on facial expressions was done. These studies were supported by Darwin's theory. Secondly, review on the emotion recognition methods based on changes in physiology was conducted. These researches were relied on James' theory. Lastly, a review on the emotion recognition was conducted on the basis of multimodality(i.e., combination of signals from face, dialogue, posture, or peripheral nervous system). These studies were supported by both Darwin's and James' theories. In each part, research findings was examined as well as theoretical backgrounds which each method was relied on. This review proposed a need for an integrated model of emotion recognition methods to evolve the way of emotion recognition. The integrated model suggests that emotion recognition methods are needed to include other physiological signals such as brain responses or face temperature. Also, the integrated model proposed that emotion recognition methods are needed to be based on multidimensional model and take consideration of cognitive appraisal factors during emotional experience.

• 전기의세계
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.234-242
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• 1987

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.102-108
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• 2016

Objectives : The deficit of recognition memory has been found as one of the common neurocognitive impairments in patients with schizophrenia. In addition, they were reported to fail to enhance the memory about emotional stimuli. Previous studies have shown that bilateral eye movements enhance the memory retrieval. Therefore, this study was conducted in order to investigate the memory enhancement of bilaterally alternating eye movements in schizophrenic patients. Methods : Twenty one patients with schizophrenia participated in this study. The participants learned faces (angry or neutral faces), and then performed a recognition memory task in relation to the faces after bilateral eye movements and central fixation. Recognition accuracy, response bias, and mean response time to hits were compared and analysed. Two-way repeated measure analysis of variance was performed for statistical analysis. Results : There was a significant effect of bilateral eye movements condition in mean response time(F=5.812, p<0.05) and response bias(F=10.366, p<0.01). Statistically significant interaction effects were not observed between eye movement condition and face emotion type. Conclusions : Irrespective of the emotional difference of facial stimuli, recognition memory processing was more enhanced after bilateral eye movements in patients with schizophrenia. Further study will be needed to investigate the underlying neural mechanism of bilateral eye movements-induced memory enhancement in patients with schizophrenia.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.359-386
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• 2010

In order to evaluate the domain-specific model and process-specific model of spatial and nonspatial working memory (WM), this study manipulated the memory load of the delayed response task and examined how the neural correlates of memory load effect was influenced by the stimulus domain (face and location) at the maintenance stage of WM using an event-related fMRI experiment. One or three face stimuli were presented as target stimuli and participants were asked to maintain the face itself (face WM) or the location of face stimuli (spatial WM). The results of recognition judgment accuracy showed no difference between face WM and spatial WM, and showed equivalent memory load effects of both WM. As a result of brian image analysis, memory load effect at maintenance stage showed that inferior, middle, and superior PFC were recruited by both face WM and spatial WM, and showed that VLPFC was the commonly activated area by both WM, supporting functional specialization of PFC by process components of WM. This study provides evidence for process-specific model in which maintenance of WM is associated with VLPFC.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.207-212
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• 2020

This study analyzes the Soju(Korean alcohol) advertisement image, which is relatively easy to interpret subjectively, among sexual appeal advertisements that stimulate consumers' curiosity, where the image is verified through AOI (area of interest) 3 areas (face, body, product), and eye-tracking, one of the psychophysiological indicators. The result of the analysis reveals that visual attention, the interest in the advertising model, was higher in the face than in the body shape. Contrary to the prediction that men would be more interested in body shape than women, both men and women showed higher interest in the face than a body. Besides, it was derived that recognition and recollection of the product were not significant. This study is significant in terms of examining the pattern of visual attention such as the gaze point and gaze time of male and female consumers on sexual appeal advertisements. In further, the study looks forward to bringing a positive influence to the soju advertisement image by presenting the expression method that the soju advertisement image should pursue as well as the appropriate marketing direction.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.46-57
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the changes to nursing activities of nurses on patients with DNR (Do-Not-Resuscitate) order and factors associated to the changes. Methods: Data were collected using a structured questionnaire for 173 nurses at general hospitals. Logistic regression analysis was performed on the data using SAS 9.4. Results: With 39 nursing activities, an average of 60.4 (34.9%) nurses reported an increase in the activities, 102.4 (59.2%) no change and 10.1 (5.9%) a drop. The activity increase was the greatest in the social area, and the physical area was where the activities decreased the most. The activity increase was associated knowledge competency (9 items), attitudes (2 items), practical competency (4 items) and work load (14 items were). Conclusion: To offer systematical care for DNR patients, it is necessary to expand nurses' knowledge through end-of-life education and adjust their workload and provide a support system at the department level.