• Proceedings of the Korea Multimedia Society Conference
• /
• 2004.05a
• /
• pp.679-683
• /
• 2004

흔히 애니메이션은 캐릭터의 표정이 얼굴에만 나타난다고 생각한다. 하지만 캐릭터의 몸도 얼굴만큼이나 풍부하게 감정을 표현할 수 있다. 이에 따라 본 논문에는 캐릭터 움직임에 따른 동작이 어떻게 변화되고, 생동감 있게 움직일 것인가에 대해 알아보고자 한다. 애니메이션의 기본 동작원리에는 스쿼시, 스트레치, 동작의 속도와 타이밍, 관성, 선행동작, 포물선 따라 움직이기, 인비트위닝 등 많은 것이 있다. 이들 기본동작들은 모두 애니메이션 성공에 크게 영향을 끼친다. 애니메이션에서 캐릭터의 연기는 보는 사람들로 하여금 필요한 동작을 통하여 어떤 표현을 전달할 수 있도록 올바른 타이밍을 가져야한다. 본 논문은 애니메이션 동작을 표현하기 위해 각각의 이미지들의 표현방법에서 감성위주의 느낌들을 어떻게 보여줘야 할 것인가에 대해 다양한 표현들로 나타내었다.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2008.02a
• /
• pp.547-552
• /
• 2008

Human and robot will have closer relation in the future, and we can expect that the interaction between human and robot will be more intense. To take the advantage of people's innate ability of communication, researchers concentrated on the facial expression so far. But for the robot to express emotional intensity, other modalities such as gesture, movement, sound, color are also needed. This paper suggests that the intensity of emotion can be expressed with color and blinking so that it is possible to apply the result to LED. Color and emotion definitely have relation, however, the previous results are difficult to implement due to the lack of quantitative data. In this paper, we determined color and blinking period to express the 6 basic emotions (anger, sadness, disgust, surprise, happiness, fear). It is implemented on avatar and the intensities of emotions are evaluated through survey. We figured out that the color and blinking helped to express the intensity of emotion for sadness, disgust, anger. For fear, happiness, surprise, the color and blinking didn't play an important role; however, we may improve them by adjusting the color or blinking.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
• /
• 2008.04a
• /
• pp.435-438
• /
• 2008

본 논문에서는 애니메이션을 위해서 얼굴의 특징표현(Action Units)의 조합하는 방법으로 얼굴 모델링을 하기 위한 3D대응점(3D dense correspondence)을 찾는 방법을 제시한다. AUs는 표정, 감정, 발음을 나타내는 얼굴의 특징표현으로 통계적 방법인 PCA (Principle Component Analysis)를 이용하여 만들 수 있다. 이를 위해서는 우선 3D 모델상의 대응점을 찾는 것이 필수이다. 2D에서 얼굴의 주요 특징 점은 다양한 알고리즘을 이용하여 찾을 수 있지만 그것만으로 3D상의 얼굴 모델을 표현하기에는 적합하지 않다. 본 논문에서는 3D 얼굴 모델의 대응점을 찾기 위해 원기둥 좌표계 (Cylinderical Coordinates System)을 이용하여 3D 모델을 2D로 투사(Projection)시켜서 만든 2D 이미지간의 워핑(Warping) 을 통한 대응점을 찾아 역으로 3D 모델간의 대응점을 찾는다. 이것은 3D 모델 자체를 변환하는 것보다 적은 연산량으로 계산할 수 있고 본래 형상의 변형이 없다는 장점을 가지고 있다.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.53-62
• /
• 2014

Despite the huge potential of the practical application of emotion recognition technologies, the enhancement of the technologies still remains a challenge mainly due to the difficulty of recognizing emotion. Although not perfect, human emotions can be recognized through human images and sounds. Emotion recognition technologies have been researched by extensive studies that include image-based recognition studies, sound-based studies, and both image and sound-based studies. Studies on emotion recognition through facial expression detection are especially effective as emotions are primarily expressed in human face. However, differences in user environment and their familiarity with the technologies may cause significant disparities and errors. In order to enhance the accuracy of real-time emotion recognition, it is crucial to note a mechanism of understanding and analyzing users' personality traits that contribute to the improvement of emotion recognition. This study focuses on analyzing users' personality traits and its application in the emotion recognition system to reduce errors in emotion recognition through facial expression detection and improve the accuracy of the results. In particular, the study offers a practical solution to users with subtle facial expressions or low degree of emotion expression by providing an enhanced emotion recognition function.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
• /
• 2006.11a
• /
• pp.200-204
• /
• 2006

They use emoticons as assistance to express their emotion on CMC communications. Emoticons have been developed into diverse forms like text emoticon, image emoticon, animation emoticon. However emoticons represent the emotion only in simple way, not in specific because the shortage of grouping expressions of the emotion. So, the emoticons used nowadays should be grouped specifically in order to help produce the modulated animation emoticons those are able to represent the feeling in specific and diverse way and be used conveniently. Therefore, this thesis is going to propose the design method of a new kind of animation emoticons those can make what animation emoticons used nowadays are not able to through the grouping and analyzing expression images according to faces, gesture(hand), and backgrounds(decoration) focused on the animation emoticons in messenger programs.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
• /
• 2009.05a
• /
• pp.197-203
• /
• 2009

The users need the communication that interaction is possible in digital communication environment. It is necessity to develop the Interactive Character that various emotional expression was possible while a user-centered emotional display tool was necessary. It is a fundamental research that is going to develop the Interactive Character that individualized emotional expression is possible. In other words, I have the purpose that is going to show the aromaticness of the technology development to express feelings. Therefore, I am going to analyze whether no matter how much technology to express feelings mainly on a face expression is incarnated through an example. And, I am going to show the development direction of the Interactive Character as an emotional display tool through this.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.10 no.3 s.35
• /
• pp.55-64
• /
• 2005

The avatar can be used as an auxiliary methodology of text and image communications in cyber space. An intelligent communication method can also be utilized to achieve real-time communication, where intelligently coded data (joint angles for arm gestures and action units for facial emotions) are transmitted instead of real or compressed pictures. In this paper. for supporting the action of arm and leg gestures, a method of generating the facial expressions that can represent sender's emotions is provided. The facial expression can be represented by Action Unit(AU), in this paper we suggest the methodology of finding appropriate AUs in avatar models that have various shape and structure. And, to maximize the efficiency of emotional expressions, a comic-style facial model having only eyebrows, eyes, nose, and mouth is employed. Then generation of facial emotion animation with the parameters is also investigated.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
• /
• 2000.10b
• /
• pp.425-427
• /
• 2000

얼굴 표정은 사람의 감정을 표현함과 동시에 그것을 이해할 수 있는 중요한 수단이다. 최근 이러한 얼굴 표정의 자동인식과 추적을 위한 연구가 많이 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 대략적인 얼굴영역을 설정하여 얼굴의 표정을 나타내는 표정요소들을 찾아낸 후, 각 요소의 특징점을 추출하고 추적하는 방법을 제시한다. 제안하는 시스템의 개요는 입력영상의 첫 프레임에서 얼굴영역 및 특징점을 찾고, 연속되는 프레임에서 반복적으로 이를 추적한다. 특징점 추출과 추적에는 템플릿 매칭과 Canny 경계선 검출기, Gabor 웨이블릿 변환을 사용하였다.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
• /
• v.12B no.7 s.103
• /
• pp.795-802
• /
• 2005

In this paper, we present a facial expression recognition-synthesis system that recognizes 7 basic emotion information automatically and renders face with non-photorelistic style in PDA For the recognition of the facial expressions, first we need to detect the face area within the image acquired from the camera. Then, a normalization procedure is applied to it for geometrical and illumination corrections. To classify a facial expression, we have found that when Gabor wavelets is combined with enhanced Fisher model the best result comes out. In our case, the out put is the 7 emotional weighting. Such weighting information transmitted to the PDA via a mobile network, is used for non-photorealistic facial expression animation. To render a 3-D avatar which has unique facial character, we adopted the cartoon-like shading method. We found that facial expression animation using emotional curves is more effective in expressing the timing of an expression comparing to the linear interpolation method.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.6 no.8
• /
• pp.165-174
• /
• 2006

Birdwhistell explains in the whole communication, language conveys only 35% of the meaning and the rest 65% is conveyed by non-linguistic media. Humans do not entirely depend on linguistic communication, but are sensitive being, using every sense of theirs. Human communication, by using facial expression, gesture as well as language, is able to convey more concrete meaning. Especially, facial expression is a many-sided message system, which delivers Individual Personality, interest, information about response and emotional status, and can be said as powerful communication tool. Though being able to be changed according to various expressive techniques and degree and quality of expression, the symbolic sign of facial expression is characterized by generalized qualify. Animation characters, as roles in story, have vitality by emotional expression of which mental world and psychological status can reveal and read naturally on their actions or facial expressions.