• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.73-83
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• 2015

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the Spaced Retrieval Training (SRT) with Errorless learning on the elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)'s memory, Instrumental Activities Daily Living, Depression symptom. Methods: A single subject experimental research with ABA design was conducted in this study on the 78-years-old person who was enrolled in day-care center. The total experimental sessions were 16 which composed of 3 sessions for baseline, 10 sessions for intervention and 3 sessions for second baseline. K-Auditory Verbal Learning Test (K-AVLT) was measured for the memory each session. For the measurement of cognitive function, IADL, depression Symptom, Korean version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-K), Philadelphia Geriatric Center Instrumental Activities Daily Living (PGC IADL), Geriatric Depression Scale Korean Version (GDS-K) was measured at pre-post test. Results: Memory at the phase B was improved than Phase A. At the phase B, the scores trend was ascending, but after the intervention at the phase A', the scores trend was descending. The scores of MoCA-K were improved, PGC IADL were maintained, GDS-K were decreased. Conclusion: This results support the evidence of the SRT with EL on the elderly with MCI in the clinical setting. In the future, the correlation researches about MCI's memory and other functional factors will be needed for effective occupational therapy service.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.19-31
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• 2013

Since the high readable source codes help us to understand and modify the program, it is much easy to maintain them. The readability of source code is not only affected by the complexity of algorithms such as control structures but also affected by the coding styles such as naming and indentation. Although various coding standards have been presented for promoting the readability of source codes, it has been usually lost or ignored in a programming course. One of the reasons is that the coding standard is not a hard-and-false rule since it does not contribute to the performance of software. In this paper, we propose a simple automatic system, namely StyleJigsaw, which checks the style of the source codes written by C/C++ or Java. In this system, the coding style score is calculated and visualized as a jigsaw puzzle. To measure the educational effectiveness of StyleJigsaw, several experiments have been conducted on a class students in C++ programming course. According to the experimental results, the coding style score increased about 8.0 points(10.9%) on average using StyleJigsaw. Further, according to a questionnaire survey targeting the students who attended the programming course, about 88.5% of the students responded that StyleJigsaw was of help to learn the coding standards. We expect that the StyleJigsaw can be effectively used to encourage the students to obey the coding standards, resulting in high readable programs.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.482-492
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• 2019

This study began with the assumption that the phonetics-centered interpretation of 100 Chinese characters would enhance thinking ability and comprehension. For this purpose, two experimental groups and a comparative group were recruited from the graduate students from June 3, 2017 to February 22, 2018. The experimental group participated in the phonetics-centered Chinese character lecture for 4 hours per week for 6 weeks for a total of 24 hours. QEEG were measured before and after the phonetics-centered Chinese character lecture. A total of 18 subjects ( nine subjects in the experimental group and nine comparative subjects) were included in the study, and the difference between before and after the QEEG of the experimental and comparative groups was analyzed, respectively. The conclusions drawn from this study are as follows. First, the Chinese character lecture changed brain waves. Second, the LORETA analysis before and after the lecture in the experimental group significantly decreased the delta wave in the brain region (Broadmann 40) associated with the meaning of language and phonology. This study result is meaningful because it shows the significant changes of EEG via the lecture.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.412-425
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• 2008

One of the important elements for improving academic achievement of learners in education through e-learning is to support learners to study by finding questions they want with providing various evaluation questions. However, most of question retrieval systems usually depend on keyword search based on only a syntactical analysis and/or a hierarchical browsing system classified by the topics of subjects. In such a system it is not easy to find integrative questions associated with each other. In order to improve this problem, in this paper we proposed a question management and retrieval system which allows users to easily manage questions and also to effectively find questions for study on the Web. Then, we implemented a system that gives to access questions for the domain of C language programming. The system makes it possible to easily search questions related to not only a single theme but also questions integrated by interrelationship between topics and questions. This is done by supporting to be able to retrieve questions according to conceptual interrelationships between questions from user query. Consequently, it is expected that the proposed system will provide learners to understand the basic theories and the concepts of the subjects as well as to improve the ability of comprehensive knowledge utilization and problem-solving.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.185-201
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• 2015

This paper suggests how Korean housemaids, called Sikmo, and Korean-Chinese migrant domestic workers have similar class positions and therefore form a dual identity in their interactions with female employers. rough spoken stories of the experiences of 27 females from Seoul, including Korean-Chinese domestic workers, Korean housemaids, and their employers, this research effectively overcomes the dichotomous discourse of natives versus foreigners. Instead it suggests the new interpretation that it is not foreignness but class inferiority of the domestic workers that plays a key role in establishing relationships with employers. Korean housemaids and Korean-Chinese domestic workers, both groups of whom are migrant workers, have developed coping strategies to enhance their labor value by spatially relocating themselves from their home society to a new society. They possess a similar labor status in women's history, being of low income, low education, and rural births. Consequently, these women experience 'translocal anchoring,' meaning their identities are intertwined with that of their home societies, and employers perceive them based on the characteristics of these places. The Korean employers perceive that the domestic workers' morality and intellectuality are inferior based on their class differences. This stigmatizing process leads employers to regard domestic workers as ambivalent people, not only threatening outsiders but also objects of pity, needing love and protection of their employers. The employers educate them culturally, teaching them skills to survive in the urban environment. These skills include cooking and language, in addition to advice on long-term plans to blend into society.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.255-277
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• 2009

Currently Science and technology are changing so fast these days, educating competent and creative person, majoring in natural sciences, including mathematics., becoming more and more important. But, in Korea, there are many problems in high school and university education program, so performance level in mathematics is decreasing and avoiding mathematics and natural sciences is increasing. Naturally the numbers of science oritented students in high school are decreasing and ability in mathematics, in particular calculus, is decreasing. Hence, the above situation leads to a reduction of scientific manpower. In this point of a view, we analyse the situation of the downturn of the ability of the science, especially calculus, among engineering majored freshmen. We also study many data reported by Ministry of Education and Science, Korea and scholar societies. From this study we conclude that the essential rerasons for the above situations are curriculum and the system of the entrance examination of the university, and we give suggestions for solutions of such a situation.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.453-475
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• 2007

School algebra starts with introducing algebraic expressions which have been one of the cognitive obstacles to the students in the transfer from arithmetic to algebra. In the recent studies on the teaching school algebra, algebraic thinking is getting much more attention together with algebraic expressions. In this paper, we examined the processes of the transfer from arithmetic to algebra and ways for teaching early algebra through algebraic thinking factors. Issues about algebraic thinking have continued since 1980's. But the theoretic foundations for algebraic thinking have not been founded in the previous studies. In this paper, we analyzed the algebraic thinking in school algebra from historico-genetic, epistemological, and symbolic-linguistic points of view, and identified algebraic thinking factors, i.e. the principle of permanence of formal laws, the concept of variable, quantitative reasoning, algebraic interpretation - constructing algebraic expressions, trans formational reasoning - changing algebraic expressions, operational senses - operating algebraic expressions, substitution, etc. We also identified these algebraic thinking factors through analyzing mathematics textbooks of elementary and middle school, and showed the middle school students' low achievement relating to these factors through the algebraic thinking ability test. Based upon these analyses, we argued that the readiness for algebra learning should be made through the processes including algebraic thinking factors in the elementary school and that the transfer from arithmetic to algebra should be accomplished naturally through the pre-algebra course. And we searched for alternative ways to improve algebra curriculums, emphasizing algebraic thinking factors. In summary, we identified the problems of school algebra relating to the transfer from arithmetic to algebra with the problem of teaching algebraic thinking and analyzed the algebraic thinking factors of school algebra, and searched for alternative ways for improving the transfer from arithmetic to algebra and the teaching of early algebra.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.1283-1291
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• 2005

One of the problems in boosting Java performance using a Just-in-Time (JIT) compiler is removing redundant array bound checks. In conventional static compilers, many powerful algorithms have been developed, yet they are not directly applicable to JIT compilation where the compilation time is part of the whole running time. In the current JIT compilers, we tan use either a naive algorithm that is not powerful enough or an aggressive algorithm which requires the transformation into a static single assignment (SSA) form of programs (and back to the original form after optimization), thus causing too much overhead not appropriate for JIT compilation This paper proposes a new algorithm based on an inequality graph which can eliminate array bounds check codes aggressively without resorting to the SSA form. When we actually perform this type of optimization, there are many constraints in code motion caused by the precise exception rule in Java specification, which would cause the algorithm to miss many opportunities for eliminating away bound checks. We also propose a new method to overcome these constraints.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.8
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• pp.718-732
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate nutrients or food factors related to cognitive function of elderly having Alzheimer's disease. In this study 38 subjects who were over 65 years old have participated in dementia clinic at A medical center. After they were diagnosed to Alzheimer's Disease (AD) through blood analysis, neuropsychological test, brain image and interview by medical specialist, we examined for their general information, anthropometry, blood pressure and dietary intakes. Dietary intakes were investigated using the 24-hour recall record. Energy intake was adequate and the energy composition of carbohydrate, protein and fat was 60.8 : 16.2 : 23.0, but dietary intakes of calcium, vitamin A and folate were less than 75% of the recommended intake levels for Koreans. The multiple regression analysis adjusted with age, sex and educational level showed that cognitive function was positively related to intakes of zinc, fishes and shellfishes, beans & nuts, sugars and fats, and negatively related to intakes of plant calcium and eggs. These results indicate that intakes of specific nutrients or food groups are associated with the specific domains of cognitive function in elderly with AD.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.221-228
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• 2018

With an increase in demand for the high added value of shipbuilding and marine industry based on the information and communications technology (ICT), software technology has become more important than ever in the industry. In this paper, we present the result of our preliminary investigation on the current software development environment in the shipbuilding and marine industry in order to develop reusable software component, which can enhance the competitiveness of software development. The investigation is performed based on the survey answers from 34 developers who are working in different shipbuilding and marine companies. The questionnaire is composed of items to gather the information of each company such as the number of employees and product domain, and actual software development environment such as operating system, programming languages, deployment format, obstacles for developing components, and the adoption of software development methods and tools. According to the results of the survey, the most important consideration to select their development platform was the number of available utilities and the technical supports, followed by performance, price and security problems. In addition, the requirements of various platforms supporting and the higher reliability, and the limitations of low development cost and manpower made it difficult for them to develop reusable software components. Finally, throughout the survey, we find out that only 15% of developers used software development processes and managed the quality to systematically develop their software products, therefore, shipbuilding and marine companies need more technical and institutional support to improve their ability to develop high qualified software.