• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.22-33
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• 1997

The objective of this study is to understand disordered parent-child relationships of Reactive Attachment Disorder(RAD) systematically through the mother’ internal working model of child. In this study, RAD mothers’internal representations of the child were compared with mothers’of control group and association between mothers’ representation classifications and children’ attachment classifications was examined. Also individual differences in mother-child interaction by mothers’representation classifications was observed. The subjects of this study were 40 2-5 year-old children and their mothers, 20 attachment disordered dyads and 20 normal dyads of control group. Mothers were interviewed using the Working Model of the Child(Zeanah, Benoit & Barton 1986) to classify internal representations of child. Children’ attachment patterns were assessed by the Strange Situation Procedure. For observation of motherchild interaction, Each dyad was seen in DPICS devised by Eyberg and Robinson(1983). The results of the study were as follows：1) Among RAD group, 55% of mothers were classified as disengaged and 45% classified as distorted, while all mothers of control group were classified as balanced. In rating scales, there were significant differences in all 3 representation classifications in Intensity of involvement and Coherence. In Intensity of involvement disengaged representations had the lowest score and distorted representations had the lowest score in Coherence. 2) Mothers’representation classifications were related to children’ attachment classifications. All mothers of control group whose children were classified as secure were classified as balanced. Among RAD’ mothers, by contrast, 82% of mothers classified as disengaged had children classified as anxious-avoidant, 56% of mothers classified as distorted had children classified as disorganized / disoriented and 33% of mothers classified as distorted had children classified as anxious-resistant. 3) There were individual differences in mother-child interactions by mothers’representation classifications. In the child-centered play, mothers classified as disengaged used discriptive statement, reflective statement and discriptive-reflective question less than balanced mothers. Mothers classified as distorted used direct command and indirect command more than balanced mothers. In the clean-up task, mothers classified as disengaged and distorted used direct command and indirect command more than balanced mothers. The results of this study suggest that parents’working model of the child is an important factor to understand parent-child attachment relationships and their interactions. The understanding of parents’ working model of the child is thought to enrich our understanding of disordered parent-child relationships and to provide useful informations for specific and successful treatments.

• Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.75-86
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• 2019

Objective: The study looked at the relationship between the mother's adult attachment, the children's problematic behavior and the mother's nurturing attitude. In doing so, this study tried to determine whether the mother's nurturing attitude would play a moderating role in the context of the effect of mother' adult attachment on the children's problematic behavior. Methods: we surveyed 352 mothers of 3~5 year old infants who were financially dependent on day care centers. Results: The problematic behavior of being daunted is high when mothers' adult attachment of avoidance is high and when mothers have low level of controlling pattern in their nurturing of their children. The problematic behavior of anxiety and depression was observed when adult attachment of anxiety was high and low level of controlling pattern in their nurturing. Meanwhile, when the externalized problematic behaviors were examined, no interaction effect of mothers' adult attachment and nurturing pattern was observed in all sub-levels of the children's externalized problematic behaviors. Conclusion/Implications: We could see how the influence of parenting attitude appears in mothers with unstable adult attachment. In addition, mothers with unstable adult attachment may be able to confirm that the quality of the interaction of the parent-child relationship and the form of the child's problem behavior differ according to the level of the mother's parenting attitude in the child's problem behavior. The results of this study showed that mothers with unstable adult attachment differed in the form of problem behaviors of infants according to mother's parenting attitude in infant problem behaviors.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.1-20
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• 2011

This study investigated the relationships among mother's adult attachment, psychological well-being and affection parenting in low-income class and middle income class The subjects were 339 mothers who reared 3-5 old age child in Daegu and Gyoungbuk Province. The collected data were analyzed by t-test, Pearson's correlation, single and hierachical multiple regression, using SPSS Win 15.0. The results were as follows. (1) Adult attachment fully exerted indirect effects on affection parenting mediated by psychological well-being in low income class of mothers. (2) But adult attachment partly exerted indirect effects on affection parenting mediated by psychological well-being in middle income class of mothers.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.200-206
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• 2011

This research was to investigated correlation between the mother and father's attachment and the parent motivation. The subjects were W university student 223 of Jeon-buk province. They took the parent-child relation courses. The questionnaire were IPPA[Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment) and Parent Motivation Scale. The data were analyzed by t-test, Pearson correlation using the SPSS Program. The results were as follows: First, the university students who perceived the mother's attachment higher than the father's. Second, Parent motivation of the university students who perceived higher medium and the sex difference were no significance. Third, parent attachment were positively correlated with parent motivation. The finding from above results were that pre-parent education program of university students considered with the content that promotion to the parent attachment.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.215-221
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• 2016

The subjects of this study were 64 young children aged 12 to 36 months old and their mothers and teachers. The attachment Q-set and an instrument for teachers' responsivity were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0, and Cronbach's and Pearson's r were calculated. The results were as follows. Teachers' consistency, warmth, and sensitivity were significantly correlated with the children's attachment to teachers. In addition, teachers' warm and sensitive responses were related to the children's attachment to mothers. Teachers' warm, sensitive, and responsive characteristics are emphasized for quality interactions between young children and teachers, since they contribute to the children's secure attachment to their mothers as well as teachers.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.474-481
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• 2009

This study aims to investigate the relation between adult attachment types and communication types of child who attend childhood-care center and their mothers, offer general information of parent education with the importance of language within family as the basic material and provide data and materials to improve communication skills of infants who attend childhood-care center. Based on these goals, study subjects in order to examine the relation between adult attachment types of mothers and communication types of child were established as follows: 1. What is the relation between adult attachment types of mothers and communication types of child? 2. How do attachment types of mothers affect on communication skills of child? The objects of this study were child aged 3 - 5 years old who attend children's house in Daejeon Metropolitan City and their mothers. Measurement tool of adult attachment and tool of communication types of child were used to them for analysis. As the results of the study, there was no correlation between the types of adult attachment and communication types of child. On the contrary, there were passive correlations between dependency and negative communication types and between insecurity and positive communication types. Based on the correlation analysis, insecurity among types of mothers' adult attachment was a major variable that can predict communication skills of children's in the result of multiple regression analysis.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.3321-3330
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• 2009

This research was about influence on parenting by parent attachment. The subjects were W university students 223 of Jeon-buk province. The questionnaire included Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment(IPPA) and parenting perception. Data were analyzed by Pearson's correlation and Stepwise. The findings were as follows: First, the relationship between parent(mother and father) attachment and parenting perception was found to a positive relationship. especially, communication and reliability of parent attachment. But between isolation of parent attachment and parenting perception was found to a negative relationship. Second, the parenting perception influenced by father's reliability among of parent attachment and the next was mother's communication.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.247-247
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• 2005

The attachment representation of 40 36- to 52-month-old upper-middle class children was analyzed in relation to their attachment security and mother-child interaction behaviors. Instruments were the Attachment Story Completion Task(Bretherton, Ridgeway, & Cassidy, 1990), the Attachment Q-set, and the Vocabulary test of the K-WIPPSI. Mother-child interaction behaviors were observed at home during semi-structured problem-solving situations. The Attachment Story Completion Task classified Korean preshoolers from these upper-middle class families as securely attached to their mothers. Girls' representation of their attachment relationship was more secure than boys. Preschoolers' attachment representation was significantly related to vocabulary ability. Attachment security correlated positively with preschool children's attachment representation. Mother-child interaction behaviors related significantly to preschool children's attachment representation.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.69-79
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• 2006

This study investigated intergenerational transmission from mother's attachment representation to infant's attachment pattern and the associations between maternal attachment representation and their childhood experiences. Subjects were forty 12- to 15-month-old infants and their mothers. The Adult Attachment Interview (Main & Goldwyn, 1984) was used to assess mother's attachment representation. The Strange Situation (Ainsworth, 1978) was used to classify infant's attachment relationship. Mothers were classified as autonomous (F), dismissing (Ds), preoccupied (E), or unresolved/disorganized (Ud). Infants were classified as secure (B), insecure-avoidant (A), insecure-resistant (C), or insecure-disorganized (D). Exact A/B/C/D and Ds/F/E/Ud agreement was observed in 30 of 40 dyads(75%). Maternal childhood experiences were related to maternal attachment representation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.231-239
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• 2018

This study was conducted to examine the influence of personal characteristics of infant-toddler and mother, social support and mother-child interaction on mother-child attachment. A descriptive study was implemented, and data were gathered from March 1 to September 30, 2016. The subjects were 215 mothers whose children were in infancy or toddlers. A survey was conducted with self-administered questionnaires regarding general characteristics, social support, mother-child interaction and attachment. SPSS 24.0 was used for descriptive statistics, intergroup comparisons of average scores, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. Statistically significant differences in average attachment scores according to gender (t=3.200, p<0.002), age (t=4.037, p<0.001) and temperament (F=4.614, p<0.011) were observed among the characteristics of infant-toddlers, as well as according to age (F=18.028, p<0.001) and academic credentials (F=4.241, p<0.016) among the characteristics of mother. Attachment was correlated with social support (r=0.507, p<0.001) and with mother-child interaction (r=0.571, p<0.001). The factors that affected attachment were mother-child interaction (${\beta}=0.361$, p<0.001), social support (${\beta}=0.309$, p<0.001), age (under the age of 30)(${\beta}=-0.370$, p<0.001) and marriage duration (less than 10 years)(${\beta}=-0.179$, p<0.033). Overall, the results indicate that interaction programs that bolster social support and mother-child interactions that exert a crucial influence on attachment should be developed.