• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.289-294
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• 2010

Mandarin fish (SSOGARI: Korean name) has emerged as new aquaculture and aquarium fish among Korean native fish species. Unfortunately, this fish could not exempt from infectious agent invasion. As an epidemiological survey, high mortality of mandarin fish (Siniperca scherzeri) observed from a fish farm in Gyeongnam province of South Korea. The major macroscopic sign of the diseased fish was severe multifocal dermal ulceration. Histological observation revealed inflammation, necrosis and colonization of bacteria in various tissues. Seven bacterial isolates from the diseased fish were identified as Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida (typical A. salmonicida) using API 20E and 20NE system. However, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay using two different primers (AP and MIY) revealed that the bacterial strains were not typical A. salmonicida, but atypical A. salmonicida. This study demonstrates that PCR assay is a reliable method for the confirmation of atypical A. salmonicida in mandarin fish as compared to biochemical tests. Furthermore, this is the first account of extensive dermatitis in mandarin fish due to atypical A. salmonicida infection, which has high potential in aquaculture and aquarium fish among native fish species.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2008

Pathological symptoms and hematological parameters of red sea bream, Pagrus major and water temperature in the culture ground was investigated to clarlify the cause of winter moratility. Dead fish showed green liver and accumulation of ascites in the cavity. A few Bivagina tai were also found on the gill but either bacteria or virus were not. When hematological parameters from fish taken before/after the winter mortality were compared, blood glucose, serum AST and ALT, and total cholesterol, trigyceride and total protein were significantly decreased in the fish after the winter mortality. These results may explain that the nutritional level of fish was decreased because fish could not fed during winter season. According to the CORI monitoring system operating by KODC, NFRDI a long term water temperature from Dec. 25, 2005 to Feb. 24, 2006 (60 days) were exposed the low water temperature environments to the red sea bream. First of all, mass mortality began at Sarayngdo where low temperature below 8℃ continued for 42 days. The winter mortality did not occured in the depths of 9 m to 19.2 m where difference of water temperature in the surface and bottom was only within 0.1℃. But in the depth of 7.5 m to 11 m winter mortality occured where water temperature in the surface and bottom showed much variation ranged from 0.2℃ to 1.4℃. From these results, great difference of water temperature in the surface and bottom of the culturing area might results in winter mortality of red sea bream.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.47-57
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• 2007

Real-time oceanographic information system was developed using platforms of aquaculture farms to examine causes of mass mortality of hatchery fishes, and to reduce the damage of mass mortality which has been occurred frequently off coast by abnormal change of ocean conditions. The system had the advantages of direct data distribution to fishermen at the farm and instant maintenance of equipments due to easy access to the farms and residents at the farms in comparison with offshore mooring buoy system. To avoid discontinued measurement of the system, repairs caused by malfunction of equipments, bimonthly preventive maintenances and daily monitoring of measured data were systematized. Confidence intervals calculated by a statistical method using accumulated data were applied to data management. Such activities could minimize discontinuance of measurement and keep information more trustful. In addition, the system has various ways of data distribution. Through homepage and e-mail in the internet, information was provided to public. Display units which were connected to equipments at the farm gave the measured data directly to fishermen, which guided them to run their farm scientifically. Finally large display unit was installed at a fish market and showed the measured data at the nearest station with tide and weather information. Proper region for aquaculture and wintering region were studied using temperature data obtained by the system in 2006. The system will contribute to reduce economic damage of coastal fishery and to understand coastal marine environment.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.53-72
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• 2010

The objects of this study are to consider the current features and the development process of the utilizing system of aquaculture farms in Japan, and to suggest the theoretical basis for improvement of aquaculture system of Korea in the future through the analysis of background of the liberalization theory proposed recently. The aquaculture-fishery system of Japan was begun from the Meiji Era Fishery Act and New Fishery Act of the World war II. A small sum of fishery fee is paid to the fishery cooperative having fishing rights for securing fishing area newly, because the aquaculture of Japan belong to fishery cooperative not individual ownership of union membr of cooperative society, the other words, cultivation fisheries household. In case of Korea, there are several differences with Japan as follows; almost cultivation fisheries household has a individual license, the lisence of fishing rights are recognized as an article, the license of fishing lights are able to do sale. Therefore, it is needed to paid a lots of money for securing fishing area newly. On the other hand, advanced countries in the marine aquaculture such as Norway have reached the stage where the managing abilities of marine aquaculture are similar to those in the manufacturing industry. And the number of large scale aquaculture farms with developed technologies and advanced marketing strategies in those countries is increasing. Considering that the marine aquaculture in Japan under the similar fishery systems of Korea has developed the state-of-the-art management skills or lead to large scale management, it is difficult to expect the decrease in the production costs under the small scale family business in Korea and this will lead to the decreasing competitive advantage over the imported seafood. Therefore marine aquaculture in Korea needs to increase the economy of scale to acquire the competitive advantage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2009

The burial method has been generally used for the protection methods of submarine cable. Especially in Korea, various types of protection methods have been used according to fisheries and fishing implements. In these days, all the protection methods - burial, continuous concrete mattress, cast iron pipes, U-duct, concrete bags, rock berm, mortar bags and FCM(Flexible Concrete Mattress) are applied to the submarine cable, but these methods just focus not on the characteristics of ocean environment and the protection of environment but on the safety of submarine cable against the external damages. This research presents the protection methods of submarine cable according as the characteristics of ocean environment - external damages, depth of water, seabed condition and the protection of environment.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.259-265
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• 1977

After a great mortality owing to abnormal oceanographical condition and fungal disease in 1973 hanging cultch lines per raft has been reduced to 450 from 558, and oyster production per raft has also been decreased. It seems to be result of dense culture of oysters and its resulting accumulation of waste materials on the sea bottom in the farm area. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of rearing density and the degree of eutrophication in Geoje Bay for 6 months from June through November in 1977. Total area of this bay is about $48.9\;km^2$, and the area of registered oyster farms as of November in 1977 is around $10.9\;km^2$, which is about $22.3\%$ of this bay. Water Quality during summer season was shown as transparency 5.5 m, COD 1.5ppm, degree of oxygen saturation $90.6\%$ in upper and middle layers and $82.2\%$ near bottom, chlorophyll-a 3.0 mg/m^3, and phytoplankton $8.7\times10^4\;cells/l$. In superficial mud in August COD was 35.4 mg/g, total sulphide 0.24 mg/g, and phaeophytin $43.7\;{\mu}g/g$dry mud. These values indicate that water qualify in this bay is so far excellent but quantities of chemical oxygen demend and sulphide in bottom mud show maximum level or a little over eutrophication standard.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.424-436
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• 2013

Organic enrichment was investigated in surface sediments from the Yeoja and Gangjin Bays of Korea, which contain dense shellfish farms, in order to evaluate the contamination status and temporal changes in shellfish farming along these coasts. The degree of organic enrichment was determined using geochemical indicators (chemical oxygen demand, ignition loss, acid volatile sulfide, total organic carbon in sediments, and total nitrogen in sediments, ammonium and nitrate in pore water, and bioluminescence inhabitation for sediments). Temporal changes in organic enrichment conditions were detected by comparing our 2012 data to those previously reported from a survey conducted in 1999/2000. Organic enrichment was significantly higher in September than in May and July, in Gangjin Bay than in Yeoja Bay, and significantly higher in shellfish farms than in reference sites not used to culture shellfish. Ammonium concentrations in pore water were two orders of magnitude greater than nitrate concentrations, suggesting that these bays represent nitrogen-reducing environments.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.437-444
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• 2013

Eight fecal sterols were analyzed in surface sediments collected from shellfish farming areas in Yeoja Bay and Gangjin Bay, Korea, to evaluate sewage-derived fecal pollution. The concentrations of coprostanol, a good marker of sewage-derived organic contamination, in sediments were in the range of 10-530 ng/g-dry in Yeoja Bay, and 10-190 ng/g-dry in Gangjin Bay. Coprostanol levels were markedly higher in the inner bay than in the outer bay. These levels were lower than those reported in urbanized bays in Korea, however, they were comparable to levels in other shellfish farming areas including Gamak Bay. A multivariate analysis of the ratios of other sterols suggested that the sterols originated from sewage and plankton/benthos. Sewage was the dominant source at stations located close to the river mouth and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) outfalls, and plankton/benthos was the primary source in the outer bay. These results suggest that management of point sources, e.g., WWTP as well as non-point sources, e.g., riverine inputs is important for improving the water quality in Yeoja Bay and Gangjin Bay.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2002

Seasonal changes in biochemical composition of Crassostrea giggas and Scapharca broughtonii in the Kosong bay and Kangjin bay, southern Korea were studied over 12 months in relation to their habitat. In Crassostrea giggas, protein was high during summer in all experimental station, but lipid and carbohydrate were high during winter, and no clear difference was between experimental station. Glycogen content was sharply decreased during summer, and energy content was low but carbohydrate was high during summer. In Scapharca broughtonii, protein was low, but carbohydrate was high during summer. Lipid was high from February to March, glycogen content was low from June to September. Energy content was low during winter and no clear difference biochemical composition was between experimental station of Scapharca broughtonii.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.173-180
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• 2017

The albinism phenomenon of the East Sea is now in progress, and the area of the intensified bedrock has reached up to 61.7% of the whole bedrock area of the East Sea. The methods to eradicate the sea urchin that is known as the main cause of albinism and that influences huge damage on the selfish farm have been continuously studied but they have focused on the food using the sea urchin and recycling and the research on the recognition of the sea urchin has not been performed yet. Therefore, this study suggested the adaptive boundary detection to extract the characteristics of the sea urchin in order to catch the sea urchin in quantity that is the pirate of the sea, and it is believed to help the sea urchin recognition program a lot in the future.