• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.41-45
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• 2013

This study was carried out to improve standardization of agricultural products and investigate quality changes during preservation at various treatments. The standardization does much to improve merchantable quality, distribution efficiency and fair dealings by shipping of the standard agricultural products. Mushrooms notified as the standard are five; Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus eryngii, Flammulina velutipes, Agaricus bisporus and Ganoderma lucidum. But many farmers are suffering from strict standards. Therefore, modification of these standards is required to fit farmhouse situations. Fruit-body weight of A, B and C grades of the marketed Agaricus bisporus was 19.3g, 12.2g and 10.4, respectively. Average pileus diameter of A grades was 43.3mm but B and C grades did not show significant difference. Average stipe length of A, B and C grades was 9.8mm, 13.1mm and 11.6mm, and stipes thick was the highest in A grades. The weight loss rate of stipe cutting of Agaricus bisporus was 12.6% in harvested mushrooms and the rate of stipe cutting length was 60.8%. The diameter of Agaricus bisporus stored for 5 days was 3.5~4.5cm but decreased rapidly in 15 days. The weight loss rate of the high temperature samples lowered rapidly than that of the low temperature samples. Conversely, the L value of the low temperature samples was higher than that of the high temperature samples.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.1103-1112
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• 2017

This study was performed to investigate the effects of different cooking methods (boiling, roasting, stir-frying, and deep-frying) on folate retention in 6 kinds of mushrooms (Beech-, button-, Juda's ear-, oak-, oyster-, and winter-mushrooms) frequently consumed in Korea. In order to assure reliability of analytical data, trienzyme extraction-L casei method was verified and analytical quality control was also evaluated. Folate contents of mushrooms varied by 6.04-64.82 g/100 g depending on the type of mushrooms. and were significantly affected by cooking methods. Depending on cooking methods, folate contents of mushrooms decreased by 22-48%, 2-31%, and 17-56% for Juda's ear-, oak- and oyster-mushrooms, respectively, while 17-90% of folate was increased in Beech mushroom. Overall, the largest weight loss was found in boiled mushrooms, but the lowest one in deep-fried samples. True folate retention rates considering processing factor were less than 100% for all cooked mushrooms except for Beech samples. Overall, folate loss was the largest by boiling with water but the smallest by deep-frying. Both accuracy and precision of trienzyme extraction-L-casei method were excellent based on a recovery close to 100% and coefficient variations less than 3%. Quality control chart of folate analysis (n=26) obtained during the entire study and an international proficiency test (z-score=-0.5) showed that trienzyme extraction-L casei method is reliable enough for production of national folate database.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.375-378
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• 2014

The attractions of Lycoriella ingenua to different LED light sources were investigated in the mushroom cultivations which were located in Yongin of Gyeonggi-do province and Buyeo of Chungcheongnam-do Province. The LED light sources which were used in the investigations were white, green, red, blue and orange. Numbers of Lycoriella ingenua to LED lights in Yongin and Buyeo were 132.9 and 3,272.5 to white LED source, 120.3 and 3,109.5 to green LED source, 105.5 and 1,910.1 to red LED source, 88.3 and 2,708.3 to blue LED source and 46.7 and 2,465.5 to orange LED source, respectively. The numbers of Lycoriella ingenua to LED light sources were 2.7~3.5 times higher than the ones of untreated.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.402-410
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to estimate the chitinolytic and antifungal activity of Actinomycetes sp.isolated from waste mushroom media. In five kinds of waste mushroom media, Sinyeong mushroom and Yangsongi were the order of the population density of actinomycetes. Totally 91 chitinolytic isolates of Actinomycetes sp. were obtained from waste mushroom media. The isolates were categorized into 3 groups based on chitinolytic activity and antagonisms against Phytophthora capsici, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Collectotrichum gloeosporioides, and Cladosporium cucumerinum in vitro. CA-23 was selected as a representative isolate of a group showing strong chitinolytic and antagonistic activities to all of the plant pathogens, while AA-65 was selected as a representative isolate showing no chitinolytic activities but strong antagonistic activities to the pathogens. CA-23 and AA-65 were highly effective on control of Phytophthora blight of hot-pepper, powdery mildew and scab of cucumber in a greenhouse tests. Among the isolates tested, CA-23 showed highest control efficacy, while AA-65 not only effectively controlled the diseases but also consistently increased plant growth and yield. Although the isolates are similarly affected on suppression of plant pathogens, the isolates could be differ from each other in modes of action. Further studies on mechanisms and practical applications are being progressed.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.353-357
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possibility of the laboratory-made rice straw pulp tray(RSPT) for mushroom(Agaricus bisporus) pre-packaging. The quality changes of mushrooms packaged respectively in the RSPT and 'commercial' expanded polystyrene tray(EPST) were observed during storage. The weight losses of mushrooms in the two types of trays were maintained below 5% and the Hunter L values were showed above 76 at $4^{\circ}C$, while mushrooms in RSPTs had better lightness than those in EPSTs during storage at $25^{\circ}C$. There were no significant differences in the hardness values and cap openings between mushrooms in the two types of trays at $4^{\circ}C$. The cap openings of mushrooms were more proceeded in RSPTs than in EPSTs at $25^{\circ}C$ and the weight increases of RSPTs were greater than those of EPSTs during storage at $4^{\circ}C,\;25^{\circ}C$. As a result, it may be favorable to apply the environmentally-friendly RSPT to mushroom pre-packaging under the condition of low storage temperature.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.266-269
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• 2023

This study aimed to address the increasing demand for technologies preventing mushroom fly damage. By monitoring the annual occurrence patterns of pests over several years and accumulating data, we conducted an analysis to evaluate the efficacy of preventive measures applied before the surge in mushroom fly infestation, typically observed in May. For preemptive control, physical measures involved installing air curtains at cultivation facility entrances and placing sticky traps and insect traps around entry points to block external entry and reduce internal insect density. Additionally, we applied an organic agricultural material, Dalmatian chrysanthemum extract, weekly alongside chemical control measures. To assess the reduction in mushroom fly populations, yellow sticky traps (15×25 cm) were placed at three locations within the mushroom cultivation facility, and the occurrence patterns before and after implementing preventive measures were compared. Compared to conventional practices, the application of preventive techniques resulted in a significant reduction, with a 60% decrease from 15 levels of mushroom flies/m² to 6 levels of mushroom flies/m² in May and a 40% decrease from 10 levels of mushroom flies/m² to 6 levels of mushroom flies/m² in June. While achieving over 50% efficacy during the peak mushroom fly season with preventive measures, we identified complementary actions such as blocking external sources (gaps in cultivation facility doors) and maintaining cleanliness around cultivation facilities (proper disposal of spent substrate) for further improvement. Comprehensive analysis and safety studies, including correlation analysis with contaminants and pathogens, are recommended to ensure the widespread adoption of mushroom fly preventive techniques for safe and stable mushroom production in the agricultural sector.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.173-178
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• 1997

The contents of ergocalcife.of (vit D$_2$) and cholecalciferol (vit D$_3$) in mushrooms (Lentinus edodes, Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Flammulina velutipes, Auricularia auricular, Gyropora esculenta, Romaria botftis, Coriorus versicolar, Ganoderma lucidum) were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), using external standard method. The methods included saponification, extraction, drying, filtering and quantification with analytical HPLC (waters Inc.). The contents of vit D$_2$ and D$_3$ found in different mushroom species. A. auricular, and L. edodes contained high amounts of vit D, 167.8, 72.6 $\mu\textrm{g}$/100 g of edible portion, respectively. On the other hand A. bisporus showed the lowest contents of vit D among analyzed mushrooms.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.83-94
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of application of spent mushroom compost(SMC) on soil chemical properties and tomato growth. After the mushroom has been harvested, the SMC contains a lot of organic material, different microorganism and high density of mushroom hypha. SMC of white button mushroom(Agaricus bisporus) contained diverse microorganisms including fluorescent Pseudomonas sp. and actinomycetes. These isolates showed strong antagonistic to bacterial wi1t(Ralstonia solanacearum) and fusarium wi1t(Fusarium oxysporum) of tomato. The growth and sugar content of tomato showed no significant difference with other treatments by stage of maturity. The EC, exchangeable K and Ca contents of the soil during growing stage were increased in comparison to those of farmhouse practice, but available phosphate decreased. Microbial population in the soil in all growing stages showed no significant difference with other treatments, but yield of tomato decreased in some way in comparison to farmhouse practice. As the result of analysis on chemical property of soil and plant growth and yield of tomato, it seems likely that SMC of white button mushroom(Agaricus bisporus) may be used as substitute of practice compost on cultivation of tomato.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.243-249
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• 2015

Agaricus bitorquis is an edible white mushroom of the genus that is cultivated at high temperature($25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$) unlike A. bisporus is cultivate at $16{\pm}2^{\circ}C$. Unlike Agaricus bisporus, an edible white A. bitorquis mushroom is cultivated at high temperature ($25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$). Most farmers cultivate this mushroom for a long cultivation period in Korea. For this reason, we made heterokayons to develop a new cultivar that generate fruitbodies for short cultivation period. Over one hundred SSIs(single spores isolates) were collected from selected A. bitorquis ASI1151 and ASI1349 strains. Seventy-three SSIs were germinated on CDA(compost dextrose agar) media after 20 days (minimum) or 83 days (maximum) incubation under different media condition. The mycelial growth rate of germinated SSIs was different. 9 homokaryons in ASI 1151 and 11 homokaryons in ASI 1349 from SSIs were selected by OPN-02 primer in RAPD analaysis. Also this primer was used to select heterokaryon that cross among each homokaryon with compatible locus. Therefore 44 compatible matings were confirmed of 99 crossed lines.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.134-138
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• 2017

The white button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus, is commercially the fifth most important edible mushroom, accounting for the production of 9,732 tons of mushrooms in Korea in 2015. The genus Agaricus has been known for its potential to degrade lignocellulosic materials. Chemical analyses carried out during the cultivation of A. bisporus indicated that the cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin fractions were changed preferentially for both vegetative growth and sexual reproduction. We screened A. bisporus strains for effective biodegradation through extracellular enzyme activity using cellulase, xylanase, and ligninolytic enzymes. The enzyme biodegradations were conducted as follows: mycelia of collected strains were incubated in 0.5% CMC-MMP (malt-mops-peptone), 0.5 Xylan-MMP, and 0.5% lignin-MMP media for 14 days. Incubated mycelia were stained with 0.2% trypan blue. Eighteen strains were divided into 8 groups based on different extracellular enzyme activity in MMP media. These strains were then incubated in sterilized compost and compost media for 20 days to identify correlations between mycelial growth in compost media and extracellular enzyme activity. In this study, the coefficient of determination was the highest between mycelial growth in compost media and ligninolytic enzyme activity. It is suggested that comparison with ligninolytic enzyme activity of the tested strains is a simple method of screening for rapid mycelial growth in compost to select good mother strains for the breeding of A. bisporus.