• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.613-616
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• 2008

Many researches on alkali-activated concrete that does not need the presence of cement as a binder have been carried out recently. Instead, the source of material such as fly ash and blast slag, that are rich in Silicon(Si) and Aluminium(Al), are activated by alkaline liquids to produce the binder. Hence concrete with no cement is effect reduction of CO$_2$ gas. In this study, we investigated the influence of the workability and compressive strength of mortar on water reducing agent, alkaline activator and curing method in oder to develop cementless blast slag based alkali-activated mortar. In view of the results, we found out that the flowability of mortar was lowered as increasing to mole concentration of NaOH, but not large the loss of flowability to 9M NaOH, most of water reducing agent was not effect. The compressive strength was improved as increasing to mole concentration of NaOH, was the most effect in 9M NaOH. The curing temperature and curing conditions on compressive strength of blast slag based alkali-activated mortar didn't influence.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 2010

Fly ash has the advantages, among others, of improving the characteristics of concrete, reducing the price of concrete products, improving the durability, and reducing hydration heat. However, when added in mass, it leads to problems such as insufficient concrete intensity, increase of AE use, and others, resulting in a limitation of the use volume. Therefore, this study is undertaken to solve the problems associated with themass use of fly ash through the high concentration powder ($4000{\sim}8000cm^2/g$) of fly ash, curing method, the addition of an alkali stimulation agent and others for the purpose of increasing the added value of the fly ash. The research showed that the intensity manifestation has an outstanding status, with the hydrates reaching a very stable condition if the rate of addition of a stimulation agent is appropriately used with the heightening of the fineness of the fly ash in the temperature range of $40^{\circ}C$, and if the applicable study is continued, it is likely to result ineffective value generation on the massive replacement of fly ash.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.338-343
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• 2017

In this study, blast furnace slag powder was used in concrete to help reduce carbon dioxide emissions and to recycle industrial waste. Blast furnace slag powder is a byproduct of smelting pig iron and is obtained by rapidly cooling molten high-temperature blast furnace slag. The powder has been used as an admixture for cement and concrete because of its high reactivity. Using fine blast furnace slag powders in concrete can reduce hydration heat, suppress temperature increases, improve long-term strength, improve durability by increasing watertightness, and inhibit corrosion of reinforcing bars by limiting chloride ion penetration. However, it has not been used much due to its low compressive strength at an early age. Therefore, this study evaluates the effects of steam curing for increasing the initial strength development of concrete made using slag powder. The relationship between compressive strength, SEM observations, and XRD measurements was also investigated. The concrete made with 30% powder showed the best performance. The steam curing seems to affect the compressive strength by destroying the coating on the powder and by producing hydrates such as ettringite and Calcium-Silicate-Hydrate gel.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.184-194
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• 2011

This study is to analyze the internal temperature and relative humidity of concrete at early age, as well as the mechanical behavior. Three different levels of cement unit content were cosidered as an experimental variable. In order to measure internal temperature and relative humidity immediately after concrete placement, this study developed a unique measuring device, which provided reliable results. Different cement content did not significantly affected the strengths including compressive, tensile and flexural strength and after 7 days of curing, strengths did not increase noticeably. Internal temperature reached the maximum about 11 hours later the placement and decreased after removal of forms. The internal temperature varied depending on the location and the exposure condition. In addition, the internal relative humidity was more affected by the exposure condition rather than the cement content.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2012.11a
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• pp.173-175
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• 2012

Temperature during concrete curing can be effectively used to predict the early age strength of concrete However, various current methods have limits to provide the temperature data in real time due to harsh working environment including frequent cutting of wires. This paper presents the results of our investigation of an all-in-one Wireless sensor network (WSN) for the management of the curing temperature of in-placed concrete at early curing stages. Also, the network device for transmission can be easily separated from the probe sensor part and reused consistently. The field experiment entailed measuring the curing temperature of concrete using the WSN. After fresh concrete was poured into the formworks, the signals were measured at a 150 m radius from the field office. The signal was acquired for 28 days without any dispersion or interruption at the construction site; therefore, this study confirms the applicability of the proposed system to a construction site.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.17-20
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• 2005

This paper reported the temperature history of concrete placed at deck plate slab under cold climate condition by varying with surface insulating type. No curing sheet and simple insulation curing including non-woven fabric, double layer bubble sheet, the combination of double layer bubble sheet and non-woven fabric dropped temperature below zero within 24 hours, which caused frost damage at early age. On the other hand, the combination of double layer bubble sheet and non-woven fabric and double layer bubble sheet and styrofoam maintained minimum temperature above $4^{\circ}C\;and\;8^{\circ}C$, respectively. Based on core test results compressive strength of concrete with the combination of double layer bubble sheet and non-woven fabric and double layer bubble sheet and styrofoam was higher than those with other curing method due to good insulation effect.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.33-38
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• 1995

The rates of fixation of CCA-Type B and CCFZ in blocks of radiata pine sapwood were compared at various temperatures and conditioning methods (drying and nondrying conditioning). Also the time required to proper fixation of preservative components in the treated wood was estimated. Fixation was monitored by the rates of depletion of free hexavalent chromium in the cell lumens in the teated blocks. The rate of preservative fixation in wood was highly temperature dependent. The fixation rate was considerably accelerated by means of heating and complete fixation of hexavalent chromium was achieved within about 12 hours by heating at $60^{\circ}C$. The moisture content of treated wood during fixation apparently played an important role in the fixation process. The fixation rate of treated wood conditioned in nondrying conditions was much more faster than that of treated wood conditioned in drying conditions. particularly when the moisture content of treated wood was below fiber saturation point. Time required to full fixation could be predicted successfully using the fixation temperatures applied since the correlation between the fixation temperature and the fixation time was excellent. regardless of conditioning methods.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.57-60
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• 2008

This study investigated the results of insulation heat curing method using double layer bubble sheet in slab concrete and mass concrete in cold weather environment. First of all, when double bubble sheets are applied, it was shown that slab concrete was protected from early freezing by remaining between 6 and 15℃ even in case outside temperature drops -9℃ below zero until the 2nd day from piling, and in the case of mass concrete, with the maximum temperature difference between the center and surface less than 4℃, crack occurrence index was close to 2 and no hydration heat crack occurred by internal constraint. The insulation heat preservation curing method using the double bubble sheet applied in this field prevented early freezing owing to stable curing temperature management, deterring concrete strength development delay at low temperature, and obtained the needed strength. Also, it was proven that the method is highly effective and economic for cold weather concrete quality maintenance through curing cost reduction like construction period shortening and labor cost reduction, etc by reducing the process of temporary equipment installation and disassembling.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.35-38
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to investigate the manufacture of light weight concrete panel using the artificial light-weight aggregate as a part of the substitution of foamed styrene and polyurethane because of narrow allocable temperature Bone in use. The experimental parameter of this study is 40, 60 and 8$0^{\circ}C$ of curing temperature at 100% relative humidity and the type of admixture such as cement, 6mm glass fiber and St/BA emulsion. Testing item is compressive and flexural strength and strength of specimen cured at standard condition is compared to that of specimen cured at 40, 60 and 8$0^{\circ}C$ of curing temperature at 100% relative humidity. As a result or this, it was revealed that the maximum or strength is developed in 6$0^{\circ}C$ or cure temperature at 100% relative humidity in case of the most of the specimen. Specimens modified by St/BA emulsion show the highest development of strength dependent on the curing tmeperature. So, it seems to be effective that evaporation curing method shoud be considered to curing the specimen as the panel core.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2009.05b
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• pp.25-28
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• 2009

This study investigated the results of insulation heat curing method using double layer bubble sheet in slab concrete in cold weather environment. First of all, when double bubble sheets are applied, it was shown that slab concrete was protected from early freezing by remaining between 5 and $l0^{\circ}C$ even in case outside temperature drops $-11^{\circ}C$ below zero until the 4nd day from piling. The insulation heat preservation curing method using the double bubble sheet applied in this field prevented early freezing owing to stable curing temperature management, deterring concrete strength development delay at low temperature, and obtained the needed strength. Also, it was proven that the method is highly effective and economic for cold weather concrete quality maintenance through curing cost reduction like construction period shortening and labor cost reduction, etc by reducing the process of temporary equipment installation and disassembling.