• Smart Media Journal
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 2018

Avian influenza (AI) is notorious for its rapid infection rate, and has a serious impact on consumers and producers alike, especially in poultry farms. The AI outbreak, which occurred nationwide at the end of 2016, devastated the livestock farming industries. As a result, the prices of eggs and egg products had skyrocketed, and the event was reported by the media with heavy emphasis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the egg price fluctuation and the keyword changes in online news articles reflecting social issues. To this end, we analyzed 682 cases of AI-related online news articles for fourteen weeks from November 2016 in South Korea. The results of this study are expected to contribute to understanding the relationship between the actual price of eggs and the keywords from news articles related to social issues.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.620-625
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• 2001

The pulpectomy or root canal treatment on primary teeth is to be done when there is evidence of chronic in flammation or necrosis in the radicular pulp. Due to the tortuous and ribbon-shaped anatomy of the primary teeth, the instrumentation of endodontic hand files and barbed broaches is not an easy procedure. Recently, many automatic Ni-Ti rotary instruments have been developed and has made endodontic treatment easier and faster. This report describes two cases of root canal treatment on primary molars using Ni-Ti rotary files. The cervical constricture was eliminated by the crown-down method, as smaller file proceeded unhindered into the apical third of the canal. In addition, the crown-down technique enhanced the efficacy of the endodontic irrigant. The use of rotary instrumentation for primary teeth seemed to be a more effective way to debride the uneven walls of primary teeth.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.18-27
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• 1980

Infectious bursal disease, so called Gumboro disease, is found world-wide in areas of intensive poultry farming. The clinical signs of the disease are very indicative, but most infections occur unnoticed due to the age of infection of chicken as well as the degree of virulence of virus affected. Edematous and hemorrhagic lesions in BF at early course of infection and the complete atrophies of BF in later are the most characteristic. The infection is considered highly contagious by direct contact, by fecal material and by contaminated feed and water. The virus is also highly resistant in environment and belongs to Diploma virus with size of 55 to 60nm of Ribovirus group. IBDV grows in embryos, embryonic cells and BF of susceptible chickens. Immune-diffusion using agar gel is the method of a choice to determine IBDV infection in chickens. Maternal immunity is very effective in protecting chickens of critical age when IBDV infection severely damages the function of BF. Immunosuppressive effect of IBDV causes more production losses than direct effects of clinical disease of IBD. Inclusion body hepatitis, infectious anemia and gangrenous dermatitis syndrome are the disease associated with the immunosuppressive condition of chickens.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.485-489
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• 2000

The patterns and contents of ginsenosides were examined in normal root parts and hairy root lines of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. Ginsenoside-Rb$_1$, -Rb$_2$, -Rc, -Rd, -Re, -Rf, -Rg$_1$, -Rg$_2$ were detected in normal roots and hairy roots of ginseng. The patterns and contents of ginsenosides in that were very difference each other. The contents of total ginsenoside of hairy root (KGHR-1) was 17.42 mg/g dry wt, it's highest compared to others. Ginsenoside contents of hairy root (KGHR-1) was higher on ginsenoside-Rd, Rg$_1$, KGHR-5 was higher on ginsenoside-Rb$_1$, Rg$_1$, and KGHR-8 was higher on ginsenoside-Rd, Re than others. The contents of total ginsenosides on 6 years old ginseng cultured in the field were high in the order of main root, lateral root and fine roots, and content of ginsenosides in fine roots was 3.2 times higher than that in main root. The ratio of ginsenoside-Rg$_1$to total ginsenosides were about 3.43%, 8.68% and 14.18% respectively on fine root, lateral root and main root, it's very lower than that in hairy roots. It is suggested that specific ginsenosides can be produce in cultures of ginseng hairy roots.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.169-176
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• 2021

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of varying levels of hydrolyzed yeast on egg production and egg quality in aged laying randomly allotted to three dietary treatments such that egg production was similar in each treatment (6 replicates of 10 birds each). The layers were fed diets containing 0, 0.1, or 0.2% hydrolyzed yeast for eight weeks. No significant difference was observed in egg production during the first half of the experiment. Egg production and daily egg mass in groups fed diets containing hydrolyzed yeast were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of the control groups during the second half of the experiment. Egg weight was not affected by the dietary treatment. Eggshell strength and thickness in groups fed diets containing hydrolyzed yeast were significantly higher than those of the control groups during the overall experimental period (P<0.05). Although no significant differences were observed in the Haugh units, yolk color in the group fed diets containing 0.1% hydrolyzed yeast was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The mammillary layer thickness increased in a linear manner and significantly following treatment with dietary hydrolyzed yeast (P<0.05). Antibody titer against avian influenza virus in the group fed diets containing 0.2% hydrolyzed yeast was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that in the control group. In conclusion, dietary hydrolyzed yeast improved egg production and eggshell quality of laying hens in the late stages of production.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.281-286
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• 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the detection rate and serotypes of Salmonella spp. in conventional and welfare poultry farms. Ten welfare (five layer and five broiler) and 15 conventional farms (five layer and ten broiler farms) were visited to collect environmental samples for identification and serotyping of Salmonella spp. The detection rate of Salmonella spp. was higher in the welfare farms than in conventional farms in both layer and broiler farms. In layer farms, Salmonella spp. was detected in 0.76% (1 out of 130) of samples from one of five welfare layer farms, but was not detected in the five in conventional layer farms. No significan ifference (P>0.05) was observed between the welfare and conventional layer farms. In broiler farms, Salmonella spp. was detected in 10.5% (21 out of 200) of samples from four of five welfare broiler farms and 3.5% (7 out of 200) of samples from five of ten conventional broiler farms, and a significant difference (p <0.05) was observed between the welfare and conventional broiler farms. Among 29 Salmonella spp. isolates, five isolates were serotyped to Salmonella enterica subsp. Enteritidis (n=2), Salmonella enterica subsp. Grampian (n=1), Salmonella enterica subsp. Virchow (n=1), and Salmonella enterica subsp. Senftenberg (n=1). These results suggest that microbial risks could be higher in welfare farms than in conventional farms due to easy access to open-air areas, environmental enrichment, and reduced use of antibiotics. Therefore, continuous monitoring and surveillance for Salmonella spp. is necessary to improve the microbiological safety of poultry meat.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.11 no.spc
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• pp.97-115
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• 2005

This study investigated the factors that influence the attitude, trust, and acceptance toward the North Korean residents by South Koreans. Three hundred and ninety-two South Koreans, including 222 with no contact experience with North Korean residents and 170 with contact experience, answered a questionnaire. The experience group included police officers who provide protection and settlement service, labor counsellors, social workers, church people, college classmates and tutors, and teachers in alternative schools for North Korean youths. The results indicated that protecting police officers have highly negative attitudes in both cognitive and affective dimensions and also show low trust and acceptance. Teachers in alternative schools, on the other hand, were found to have both positive and negative cognitive evaluations of North Korean residents, but still maintained positive affect and high trust and acceptance. People with no contact experience had negative affect along with pity, and showed medium level trust and acceptance. The distinctive difference between the police officers and teachers were attributed to the individual characteristics such as authoritarian personality and uncertainty avoidance rather than to the frequency or depth of contact. The most important determinant of trust and acceptance were found to be the affective component. The implications of these findings on the selection and training of interface personnel and peace education were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.23-62
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• 1969

Throughout the studies the following experimental results were obtained and are summarized: 1. Multiplication of agents in primary cell cultures of both GF classical and CR-64 acute strain of Marek's disease infected chicken kidneys was accompanied by the formation of distinct transformed cell foci. This characteristic nature of cell transformation was passaged regularly by addition of dispersed cell from infected cultures to normal chicken kidney cell cultures, and also transferred was the nature of cell transformation to normal chick-embryo liver and neuroglial cell cultures. No cytopathic changes were noticed in inoculated chick-embryo fibroblast cultures. 2. The same cytopathic effects were noticed in normal kidney cell monolayers after the inoculation of whole blood and huffy coat cells derived from both forms of Marek's disease infected chickens. In these cases, however, the number of transformed cell foci appearing was far less than that of uninoculated monolayers prepared directly from the kidneys of Marek's disease infected chickens. 3. The change in cell culture IS regarded as a specific cell transformation focus induced by an oncogenic virus rather than it plaque in slowly progressing cytopathic effect by non-oncogenic viruses, and it is quite similar to RSV focus in chick-embryo fibroblasts in many respects. 4. The infective agent (cell transformable) were extremely cell-associated and could not be separated in an infective state from cells under the experimental conditions. 5. The focus assay of these agents was valid as shown by the high degree of linear correlation (r=0.97 and 0.99) between the relative infected cell concentration (in inoculum) and the transformed cell foci counted. 6. No differences were observed between the GF classical strain and the CR-64 acute strain of Marek's disease as far as cell culture behavior. 7. Characterization of the isolates by physical and chemical treatments, development of internuclear inclusions in Infected cells, and nucleic acid typing by differential stainings and cytochemical treatments indicated that the natures of these cell transformation agents closely resemble to those described fer the group B herpes viruses. 8. Susceptible chicks inoculated with infected kidney tissue culture cells developed specific lesions of Marek's disease, and in a case of prolonged observation after inoculation (5 weeks) the birds developed clinical symptoms and gross lesions of Marek's disease. Kidney cell cultures prepared from those inoculated birds and sacrificed showed a superior recovery of cell transformation property by formation of distinct foci. 9. Electron microscopic study of infected kidney culture cells (GF agent) by negative staining technique revealed virus particles furnishing the properties of herpes viruses. The particle was measured about $100m{\mu}$ and, so far, no herpes virus envelop has been seen from these preparations. 10. No relationship of both isolates to avian leukosis/sarcoma group viruses and PPLO was observed.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.3 s.49
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• pp.171-187
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• 2006

The status of heavy metal contamination was investigated using chemical analyses of stream waters and sediments obtained from Samsanjeil and Sambong Cu mining area in Goseong-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do. In addition, the degree and the environmental risk of heavy metal contamination in stream sediments was assessed through pollution index (Pl) and danger index (DI) based on total digestion by aqua regia and fractionation of heavy metal contaminants by sequential extraction, respectively. Not only the degree of heavy metal contamination was significantly higher in Samsanjeil area than in Sambong area, but its environmental risk was also revealed much more serious in Samsanjeil area than in Sambong area. The differences in status and level of contamination and environmental risk between both two mining areas may be attributed to existence of contamination source and geology. Acid mine drainage is continuously discharged and flows into the stream in Samsanjeil mining area, and it makes the heavy metal contamination in the stream more deteriorated than in Sambong mining area in which acid mine drainage is not produced. In addition, the geology of Samsanjeil mining area is mainly comprised of andesitic rocks including a small amount of calcite and having lower pH buffering capacity fer acid mine drainage, and it is likely that the heavy metal contamination cannot be naturally attenuated in streams. On the contrary, the main geology of Sambong mining area consists of pyroclastic sedimentary Goseong formation containing a high content of carbonates, particularly calcite, and it seems that these carbonates of high pH buffering capacity prevent the heavy metal contamination from proceeding downstream in stream within that area.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.117-122
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the effects of Undaria pinnatifida on the hysicochemical properties in egg from laying hens fed with $5\%,\;10\%$and $15\%$ supplementation, respectively. The increased amount of Undaria pinnatifida resulted in the decreased weight of egg, expecially in white ones. Darkness, greenness, and blueness of egg yolk and white were increased with the addition of Undanria pinnatifida, and such color changes were predominantly observed in egg york. Among the analyzed minerals, the contents of Ca, Fe and K were increased to $286.6\;mg\%$, $72\;mg\%$ and $430.6\;mg\%$, respectively. But amount of p was reduced to $134.2\;mg\%$. Total cholesterol contents were not significantly changed. Major fatty acids were palmitic, oleic and linoleic acid The contents of omega-3, omega-6 and essential fatty acids were increased to $2.5\%,\;17.6\%$, and $18.4\%$, respectively.