• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2010

Purpose: To evaluate medications at the end of life care for terminal cancer patients during their last admission. Methods: Medical records of terminal cancer patients during their last admission from July 2003 to April 2008 at a district academic hospital were evaluated. Patient's characteristics, therapeutic drug classification during their last admission and on the patient's day of death, and the administrated route and number of medications on the patient's day of death were analyzed. Results: Total 81 patients were included. The median patient age was 63 years. The median length of admission was 18 days (range: 1~101). 54% of the patients had more than one comorbidities. The most frequently prescribed drugs during the last admission were opioid analgesics (63%), followed by antibiotics (58%) and antacids (53%). On the day of death, common medications were antibiotics (59%), antacids (58%), and opioid analgesics (46%). Intravenous injection was given to 81% of the patients and intramuscular injection was given to 16% of the patients on the day of patient's death. Number of medications prescribed to patients was between 0 and 11 (median: 3) and 12% (10/81) of the patients took over 8 medications including intravenous and oral drugs on the day of death. 6% (5/81) of the patients took potentially futile medications, like multivitamin or statin until the day of death. Conclusion: This study suggests that potentially futile medications and uncomfortable care were given to terminal cancer patients. Multicenter-based studies are necessary to diminish futile medications by essential medication at the end of life care for terminal cancer patients.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.4
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• pp.124-126
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• 1986

A teratogenecity study was carried out on SD rats administered antiemetic drug (components: diphenhydramine hydrochloride, caffeine, promethazine hydrochloride) at dose levels of 5, and 10ml/kg/day for a period of 11 days from day 7 to 17 of gestation. All of the pregnant females in each group were sacrificed on 20th day of gestation and their fetuses were examined. The incidences of external and skeletal anomalies were not significantly increased in the fetuses of any treated groups, and delayed ossification and resorptions in the treated groups were increased compared to these of the control group and mean number of corpus lutea on the treated groups were decreased compared to that of the control group.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.36 no.11 s.421
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• pp.186-187
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• 2004

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.151-160
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• 1992

Control of coccidiosis depends on medication, management, immunity, or some combination of these methods. Prophylactic medication with anticoccidials remains the primary method of control, although the development of drug resistance is a major problem. Shuttle and rotation programs are increasingly used to delay the onset of drug resistance. Sensitivity testing has become an important tool in the identification of what specific medications will be effective in specific poultry operations. Management techniques for the control of coccidiosis have not been totally effective because most disinfectants do not kill the coccidial oocysts. Present methods for vaccination are currently limited to the use of controlled doses of live coccidia. New vaccination methods under investigation include vaccination with attenuated strains or parasite antigens produced either by fractionating the parasites or genetically engineered sub unit vaccines.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.228-236
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• 2011

배경: 약물로 인한 Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD)는 널리 알려져 있으며 우리나라에서 항생제와 프로톤 펌프 억제제 소모량을 고려할 때 질환 치료과정에서의 CDAD 발생빈도 및 CDAD 유발 이전에 투여한 약물의 사용빈도와 CDAD의 치료방법을 조사할 필요성이 있다. 방법: 경상대학교 병원에서 2011년 1월부터 6월까지의 입원환자를 대상으로 대변 독소 검사에 의해 CDAD로 판명된 환자의 성별, 연령분포, 질환명, 입원병동, 재발률을 조사하였으며 CDAD 판명이전에 투여한 약제 및 CDAD 판명후 치료약제를 조사하였다. 결과: 연구기간 동안 CDAD 대변 독소 검사 의뢰된 환자수는 1,500명이었으며 CDAD 양성은 111명(9.3%)이었고, 재발은 29명(26.1%)이었다. CDAD를 주소로 입원한 환자는 17명 (15.3%)이었고, 나머지는 입원기간 중에 발생하였다. CDAD 양성인 환자의 연령대는 60대에서 32.4% (36/111명) 이었고, 내과병동에서 34.2%를 나타내었고, 재발률은 외과계 병동에서 41.4%로 가장 높게 나타났다. CDAD 환자의 17% (19/111명)은 항암제 투여 동안 발생하였으며 CDAD 발생 전 사용약물로는 세팔로스포린계 항생제가 162회로 가장 빈번하게 사용 되었으며, 히스타민2 수용체길항제 107회, 스테로이드 82회, 비 스테로이드 항염제 79회, 프로톤 펌프 억제제 77회, 하제 59회, 항암제가 33회 처방되었다. CDAD 치료약제로는 8종의 약제가 241회 처방 되었으며 metronidazole이 99회로 가장 빈번하게 사용되었고, vancomycin이 37회로 나타났다. 결론: 입원환자에 있어서 CDAD양성은 특히 고령의 암환자가 많아 항암제 투여 시에는 CDAD 발생에 주의해야 할것으로 보인다. CDAD의 치료약제로는 metronidazole이 vancomycin 보다 많이 사용되는 것으로 나타났다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 1988

Efficacy of praBiquantel (CesocideB injection) by intramuscular (1.M.) route against cestode infections was evaluated. Total 93 domestic or laboratory animals such as dogs, cats, rats, mice, goats, deers and chickens were used. Animals were infected with Dipylidium caninum, Spirometra sp. , Taenia pisiformis, Taenia taeniaeformis, Hymenolepis nana, Moniegia expanse, Moniexia sp. or Raillietina sp. A single dose of prasiquantel, 6 mg/kg of body weight, was highly effective (97.9%) against cestodes of various kinds disregarding the host species or their intensity of infection. At higher dose above 6 mg/kg, the cure rate was 100%. All the cestodes treated were expelled from the host within 48 hours. The discharged proglottides were damaged severely except Hymenolepis nana and Moniegia expanse. Intramuscular injection of this drug evoked a brief pain response in a dog, but no other side reactions were observed.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.58-64
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• 1988

The acute oral, intraperitoneal and subacute toxicity of monocrotophos, an insecticide, was studied in albino rats. The acute oral $LD_{50}$ values for female and male rats were 5.0mg/kg and 8.7mg/kg, respectively. Conversely the intraperitoneal $LD_{50}$ values for female and male rats were 4.9mg/kg and 6.0mg/kg, respectively. Plasma cholinesterase (ChE) activity in rats treated with a single dose was the most depressed 4 hours after administration, but returned to normal within 72 hours of administration. Significant depression of body weight gain and food consumption was observed in rats receiving the 3.5mg/kg/day dose level for 28 days as compared with the controls. Additionally plasma ChE activity depression was also observed.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.18-25
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• 1978

가토뇨중(家兎尿中) Vanillylmandelic Acid(VMA)배설양(排泄量)의 변화(變化)에서 약물반응(藥物反應)과 circadian rhythm을 추구(追求)하기 위(爲)하여 가토(家兎)에 대(對)해 각종(各種) stress를 가(加)하고, 이에 의(依)한 VNA치(値) 증가(增加)에 대(對)한 유효성(有?性)을 몇가지 약제(藥劑)에서 찾기 위(爲)해 전기(電氣) stress를 미리 가(加)한 가토(家兎)에 대(對)하여 투여(投與)하고 이들 뇨중(尿中) VMA치(値)를 측정(測定)해 하였다. 정상상태(正常狀態)의 가토(家兎) 1일뇨중(日尿中)의 VMA치(値)는 평균(平均) $19.17{\times}10^{-2}mg/24hrs$였다. 전기(電氣) stress를 가(加)한 가토뇨중(家兎尿中)의 VMA치(値)는 평균(平均) $28^{\cdot}87{\times}10^{-2}mg/24hrs$로 가장크게 증가(增加)하였고, 소음(騷音) stress를 가(加)하였더니 평균(平均) $27.39{\times}10^{-2}mg/24hrs$로 증가(增加)하였으며, 조명(照明) stress를 가(加)했을때는 평균(平均) $19.10{\times}10^{-2}mg/24hrs$로 거의 변화(變化)가 없었다. 전기(電氣) stress를 가(加)한 가토(家兎)에 reserpine을 투여(投與)했더니 평균(平均) VMA치(値)가 $18.90{\times}10^{-2}mg/24hrs$로 배설억제효과(排泄抑制?果)가 가장 좋았고, 산조인탕(酸棗仁湯)을 투여(投與)했을때 평균(平均) $25.76{\times}10^{-2}mg/24hrs$로 억제(抑制)되었으며, 인삼(人蔘)엑기스를 투여(投與)했을때 평균(平均) $28.14{\times}10^{-2}mg/24hrs$로 효과(效果)가 거의 없었다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.175-187
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• 2003

Background : Although corticosteroid and cytotoxic agent such as cyclophosphamide have been used for the treatment idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP), efficacy of these toxic drugs are unclear because previous reports included the patients who did not undergo surgical lung biopsy and none evaluated the response according to histopathologic entities of IIP. To answer this, we retrospectively analyzed the treatment response and side effects of corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide therapy in patients with idiopathic UIP and NSIP. Methods : Among 61 patients with UIP and 26 patients with NSIP diagnosed by surgical lung biopsy at Samsung Medical Center from July 1996 to June 2002, those who received corticosteroid or cyclophosphamide therapy for at least 6 months and were followed for at least one year after the initiation of treatment were enrolled (32 UIP, 23 NSIP). Treatment response of 55 patients was assessed by ATS response criteria (clinical symptoms, pulmonary function test and radiological findings). Adverse reactions to either agent (42 cases of cyclophosphamide${\pm}$low-dose prednisolone, 49 cases of prednisolone alone) were also analyzed. Results : Irrespective of treatment regimen, NSIP showed more favorable response than UIP (6 months: 78.3% vs. 9.4%, 12 months: 69.6% vs. 9.4%, p<0.001). Cyclophosphamide showed comparable response to corticosteroid in NSIP while its efficacy was as poor as those of corticosteroid therapy in UIP. Significant adverse reaction to drug more frequently occurred in corticosteroid group (35.7%) than cyclophosphamide group (14.3%) (p=0.017). Conclusion : Cyclophosphamide is effective and more tolerable than corticosteroids in the treatment of idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia.

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.24.1-24.1
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• 1999