• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.173-181
• /
• 1999

To deepen the understanding of shear behaviour in beams without transverse reinforcement, the relative importance of five contributing factors to concrete shear resistance($v_c$), which are i)flexural compression zone, ii)friction at crack faces, iii)dowel action, iv)arch action and recently identified, v)residual tensile stresses across cracks, was explained physically using two analytical methods based on the truss concept. One is called "Modified Compression Field Theory(MCFT)" considering ii) and v) explicitly, and the other "Crack Friction Truss Model(CFTM)" more dominantly ii) in determining concrete resistance. To verify their effectiveness, the predictions using MCFT and CFTM were also made for twenty KAIST beam tests($f'_c$=53.7Mpa), designated more likely to the development of the size effect law based on the fracture mechanics concept. Experimental findings with varying of a/d, longitudinal reinforcement ratios, and obtained from MCFT enabled additional explanations for some phenomena which were difficult to measure in tests. However, MCFT seemed somewhat conservative for beams with higher longitudinal reinforcement, while somewhat unsafe for beams with larger depths. More tests are necessary leading to firm conclusions in these areas.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
• /
• v.17 no.4 s.88
• /
• pp.513-520
• /
• 2005

The uniform truss mechanism is widely accepted as a shear transfer mechanism in reinforced concrete members. However, the uniform truss action cannot be expected when the bond stress distribution is not constant along longitudinal bars. A test method in which only the truss action takes place is developed and conducted to investigate the truss actions under various bond contributions. Based on the experimental results and analysis, the following findings can be obtained: 1) The bond stress distribution depends on the axial compression force, the amount of shear reinforcement and loading conditions. 2) The analysis using the combined truss model consisting of uniform and fan-shape trusses can predict the experimental results

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2000.02a
• /
• pp.75-75
• /
• 2000

플라즈마 화학증착법(Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition, PECVD)을 이용하여 양질의 Si3N4 금속-유전막-금속(Metal-Insulator-Metal, MIM) 커페시터를 구현하였다. Fig.1에 나타낸 바와 같이 p형 실리콘 웨이퍼의 열 산화막 위에 1%의 실리콘을 함유하는 알루미늄을 스퍼터링으로 증착하여 전극을 형성하고 두 전극사이에 Si3N4 박막을 증착하여 MIM구조의 박막 커패시터를 제조하였다. Si3N4 유전막은 150Watt의 RF 출력하에서 반응 가스 N2/SiH4/NH3를 각각 300/10/80 sccm로 흘려주어 전체 압력을 1Torr로 유지하면서 40$0^{\circ}C$에서 플라즈마 화학증착법을 이용하여 증착하였으며, Al과 Si3N4 층의 계면에는 Ti과 TiN을 스퍼터링으로 증착하여 확산 장벽으로 이용하였다. 각 시편의 커패시턴스 및 바이어스 전압에 따른 누설 전류의 변화는 LCR 미터를 이용하여 측정하였고 각 시편의 커패시턴스 및 바이어스 전압에 따른 누설 전류의 변화는 LCR 미터를 이용하여 측정하였고 각 시편의 유전 특성의 차이점을 미세구조 측면에서 이해하기 이해 극판과 유전막의 단면 미세구조를 투과전자현미경(Transmission Electron Microscope, TEM)을 이용하여 분석하였다. 유전체인 Si3N4 와 전극인 Al의 계면반응을 억제시키기 위해 TiN을 확산 장벽으로 사용한 결과 MIM커패시터의 전극과 유전체 사이의 계면에서는 어떠한 hillock이나 석출물도 관찰되지 않았다. Fig.2와 같은 커패시턴스의 전류-전압 특성분석으로부터 양질의 MIM커패시터 특성을 f보이는 Si3N4 의 최소 두께는 500 이며, 그 두께 미만에서는 대부분의 커패시터가 전기적으로 단락되어 웨이퍼 수율이 낮아진다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. TEM을 이용한 단면 미세구조 관찰을 통해 Si3N4 층의 두께가 500 미만인 커패시터의 경우에 TiN과 Si3N4 의 계면에서 형성되는 슬릿형 공동(slit-like void)에 의해 커패시터의 유전특성이 파괴된다는 사실을 알게 되었으며, 이러한 슬릿형 공동은 제조 공정 중 재료에 따른 열팽창 계수와 탄성 계수 등의 차이에 의해 형성된 잔류응력 상태가 유전막을 기준으로 압축응력에서 인장 응력으로 바뀌는 분포에 기인하였다는 사실을 확인하였다.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.157-166
• /
• 1997

The object of this study was invest, igat, ing the failure phenomenon in the contact zone of rcpnired concrete structures due to the external climate change(hygral transient condition). This study was carrie out by calculating the non-stationary moisture and stress distribution in the repaired concrete structures with the cement mortar. In this analysis, main variables were the overlay thickness (Do=0.5-2.5cm). and the pre-wetting time(tc= l-5days). and the cxtcrnal 1.~1ative humidity(Ho=50-80%). The results show that the minimum overlay thickness and the minimum pre-wetting time are necessary to k e ~ p compressive stresses in the contact zone for a relative humidity.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.29 no.4 s.75
• /
• pp.411-424
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this study was to find the difference of stress distribution of initial compressive and tensile stress when anterior section of upper utility arch was activated crown lingual torque of $5^{\circ},\;10^{\circ},\;15^{\circ}$ through three-dimensional finite element analysis. For this study the finite element model of upper central and lateral incisors, 1st. and 2nd. premolars and 1st. molars and each periodontal membrane and upper utility arch were made. From the solutions of ANSYS the followings were obtained. 1. $5^{\circ},\;10^{\circ},\;15^{\circ}$ crown lingual torque produce the almost similar distribution and measurement of initial compressive and tensile stress. 2. Acivated upper utility arch torqued central inciors lingually and lateral incisors labially.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.243-252
• /
• 2017

Since the failure behavior of transversely isotropic rocks is significantly different from that of isotropic rocks, it is necessary to develop a transversely isotropic rock failure function in order to evaluate the stability of rock structures constructed in transversely isotropic rock masses. In this study, a spatial distribution function for strength parameters of transversely isotropic rocks is proposed, which is based on the Cassini oval curve proposed by 17th century astronomer Giovanni Domenico Cassini to model the orbit of the Sun around the Earth. The proposed distribution function consists of two model parameters which could be identified through triaxial compression tests on transversely isotropic rock samples. The original Mohr-Coulomb (M-C) failure function is extended to a three-dimensional transversely isotropic M-C failure function by employing the proposed strength parameter distribution function for the spatial distributions of the friction angle and cohesion. In order to verify the suitability of the transversely isotropic M-C failure function, both the conventional triaxial compression and true triaxial compression tests of transversely isotropic rock samples are simulated. The predicted results from the numerical experiments are consistent with the failure behavior of transversely isotropic rocks observed in the actual laboratory tests. In addition, the simulated result of true triaxial compression tests hints that the dependence of rock strength on intermediate principal stress may be closely related to the distribution of the microstructures included in the rock samples.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.427-435
• /
• 2017

Most of the domestic city buses are equipped with the pressure vessels subjected to internal pressure applied by compressed natural gas. Pressure vessels subjected to internal pressure are used in various forms and purposes. Fuel is explosive and has flammable high pressure. The damage of the pressure vessel causes many property damage and loss of life. Safe design for pressure vessel is always necessary. Due to these reasons, many studies using finite element analysis have been conducted. In this paper, the stresses of cylindrical vessel and spherical dome were analyzed using ANSYS, a finite element analysis software. In order to verify the validity of the analysis, a model with a perfectly spherical shape of the dome was designed and observed. Based on the ASME standard in used, stress distribution was also analyzed for models designed with compressed natural gas(CNG). The FEM analysis software agreed with the theory when the dome shape was perfectly spherical. The model designed based on the ASME specification theory, stress concentration occurred in the knuckle part.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.493-506
• /
• 2021

Liquefaction refers to a phenomenon in which excessive pore water pressure occurs when a dynamic load such as an earthquake rapidly acts on a loose sandy soil saturated with soil, and the ground loses effective stress and becomes liquefied. The indoor repeated test for liquefaction evaluation can be confirmed through the repeated triaxial compression test and the repeated shear test. In this regard, this study tried to confirm the liquefaction resistance strength according to the relative density and particle size distribution of sand using the repeated triaxial compression test. As a result of the experiment, it was confirmed that the liquefaction resistance strength increased as the relative density increased regardless of the soil classification, and the liquefaction resistance strength according to the particle size distribution of the sand was confirmed that the liquefaction resistance strength of the SP sample close to SW was significantly higher. In addition, as a result of analyzing 30% of fine powder compared to 0% of fine powder, as the relative density increased to 40~70%, the liquefaction resistance strength decreased by 5~20%, and the domestic weathered soil ground had a fine liquefaction resistance strength compared to Jumunjin standard sand. When the minute was 10%, it was measured to be 30% or more, and when the fine particle was 30%, it was measured to be less than 50%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.97-104
• /
• 2005

A simple but efficient grid generation technique by using the modified compressible form of stream function has been formulated. Transformation of a physical plane to a streamline plane, the Von Mises Transformation, has been widely used to solve the differential equations governing flow phenomena, however, limitation arises in low velocity region of boundary layer, mixing layer and wake region where the relatively large grid spacing is inevitable. Modified Von Mises Transformation with simple mathematical adjustment for the stream function is suggested and applied to solve the confined coaxial turbulent jet mixing with simple $\kappa-\epsilon$ turbulence model. Comparison with several experimental data of axial mean velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, and Reynolds shear stress distribution shows quite good agreement in the mixing layer except in the centerline where the turbulent kinetic energy distributions were somewhat under estimated. This formulation is strongly suggested to be utilized specially for free turbulent mixing layers in axisymmetric flow conditions such as the investigation of mixing behavior, jet noise production and reduction for Turbofan engines.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.187-195
• /
• 1996

A finite element formulation based on the CFT(Compression Field Theory), considering the effect of compression softening in cracked concrete, and macro-scopic and rotating crack models etc., was presented for the nonlinear behaviour of structural concrete. Considering the computational efficency and the ability of modelling the post-ultimate behaviour as major concerns, the Incremental displacement solution algorithm involving initial material stiffnesses and the relaxation procedure for fast convergence was adopted and formulated in a type of 8-noded quadrilateral isoparametric elements. The analysis program NASCOM(Non1inear Analysis of Structural Concrete by FEM : Monotonic Loading) developed in this way enables the predictions of strength and deformation capacities in a full range, crack patterns and their corresponding widths, and yield extents of reinforcement. As the verification purpose of NASCOM, the predictions were made for Bhide's Panel(PB21) and Leonhardt's deep beam tests. The predicted results shows somewhat stiff behaviour for the panel test, and vice versa for deep beam tests. More refining process would be necessary hereafter in terms of more accurately simulating the effects of tension-stiffening and compression softening in concrete.