• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.950-957
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to classify the contrast group and experiment group of a male white rat, and to identify a result of NFG's change that press the sciatic nerves injured peripheral ones for curing 1day, 3days, 5days and 7days. In contrast group, the nerve cells of immune-reaction were increased on 1 day and they were decreased for 3 days, 5 days, 7 days as a normal one. In experiment group, they were increased on 1 day but, decreased for 3 days, 5 days, 7 days more than contrast group. In conclusion, it is certain that the Needle TENS can make a NFG decrease and effect on the therapy.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.3-3
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• 2010

소나무에서 추출해낸 천연유기유황(Natural Sulfur)의 의학적 가치는 1972년 Jacob 박사와 Herschler 박사가 오래곤 과학대학에서 천연식이유황(Natural Sulfur/MSM)을 가지고 표피조직에 미치는 영향을 구명하면서 keratin 단백질에 대한 연구가 활성화 되기 시작하였다. 세포내 골격물질은 크게 형태와 조성에 따라서 actin microfilament, microtubule, 그리고 intermediate filament(IF)로 구분된다. keratin의 특성은 keratin intermediate family중에서 K17 IF가 새로운 기능을 나타내는데 피부세포의 성장에 핵심적인 조절 역할을 한다는 사실이 밝혀 지면서 Dr. Pierre A. Coulombe(The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine)연구실은 브로컬리와 같은 십자화과 식물 등에 과량 존재하는 항산화 및 항암물질인 sulforaphane이 K17의 발현을 특이적으로 증가시킨다는 것을 알아내어 피부박리와 같은 피부손상을 기능적으로 복구시킬수 있음을 확인하였다. 현재는 수포성 표피박리증 환자군의 많은 부분을 차지하는 K14 돌연변이와 동일한 유전적 변형을 일으킨 생쥐모델을 이용한 약물 효과 검증과 전 임상단계의 인체실험을 함께 진행중에 있다. Mark E. Van Dyke 박사(Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine Medical Center)는 인간의 머리털에서 유래된 keratin으로 외상에 의한 신경 절단이나 압좌(압박손상)는 현재 다른 부위의 신경을 잘라 이식하거나 절단된 신경 양끝을 인공도관(conduit)으로 연결해 신경재생을 유도하는 미세수술을 시행하게 되는데, 신경재생을 유도하는 도관에 keratin을 주입하면 신경이식과 맞먹는 신경재생 성공률을 기대할 수 있다고 하였다. 앞으로는 동물성 keratin뿐만 아니라 식물성 keratin도 함께 연구할 필요가 있다. 동물성 keratin의 농업적 이용은 가금류 깃털의 keratin을 축출하여 친환경 육묘용 용기를 만드는데 있다. 이 용기는 자연조건에서 생분해될 수 있는 특성을 갖고 있다.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.25-37
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• 2008

Objectives : Ohyaksungi-san(Wuyaoshunqi-san) has been used for many years as a treatment for sciatica in oriental medicine. And electrical acupuncture also has been used as a treatment for sciatica in recent study. By the way, it is hard to find the study that apply two treatments in the same time. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of Ohyaksungi-san(Wuyaoshunqi-san) and electrical acupuncture on nerve regeneration after crush injury in rat sciatic nerve in the same time. Methods : This study was designed with 4 subgroups to evaluate the effects of Ohyaksungi-san(Wuyaoshunqi-san) and electrical acupuncture on nerve regeneration. As control groups, group I has not been treated during 3 weeks after crush injury in rat sciatic nerve. Group II has been treated Ohyaksungi-san(Wuyaoshunqi-san), Group III has been treated electrical acupuncture, and Group IV has been treated both during 3 weeks. This study has been estimated sciatic function index and change of GAP-43 immunoreactivity about sciatic nerve regeneration. Results : 1. The test for nerve regeneration had significantly good result of sciatic function index in the experimental groups as compared with control groups(p<.05). Especially, Group IV has the greatest result of sciatic function index. 2. GAP-43, the marker of nerve regeneration, more increased in the experimental groups as compared with control groups. Especially, Group IV has the greatest result of GAP-43. Conclusions : Ohyaksungi-san(Wuyaoshunqi-san) and electrical acupuncture have good effects on nerve regeneration after crush injury in rat sciatic nerve.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.14 no.1_4
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• pp.11-23
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• 2007

This study was performed to evaluate the effects of low-intensity ultrasound application to the peripheral nerve injury animal model on enhancement of nerve regeneration and functional recovery. Using aseptic microsurgical techniques, the sciatic nerve of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats was crushed at the outside of right mid-thigh for 30 seconds with fine forceps. Beginning just after surgery, various continuous-wave ultrasound treatments with intensities of 0.2 W/$cm^2$, 0.5 W /$cm^2$ and 1.0 W /$cm^2$ operated at 1 MHz or sham treatment were applied to the opposite inside of the crush site for 1 minute every other day with a transducer moving speed of 2cm/sec. For evaluation of the progress of sciatic nerve regeneration, c-Fos expression in the lumbar spinal cord (L4-5) dorsal horn was investigated. c-fos expression was markedly increased at 1hour after sciatic nerve crush injury, then gradually decreased thereafter. The c-fos expressions were significantly decreased (p<0.05) in all the experimental groups in comparison with the control group until 3days post-crush, and the degrees of decrease were higher in 0.5 W/$cm^2$ and 1 W/$cm^2$ intensity ultrasound application groups. It is suggested that low-intensity ultrasound application to an animal model of sciatic crush injury may suppress pain transmission and promote nerve regeneration, and which may result in delayed progress of muscle atrophy and accelerated progress of muscle recovery and eventually may result in accelerated and improved foot function recovery.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.39-55
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was designed to evaluate effects of electroacupuncture and Cervi Pantortichum Cornu pharmacopuncture on pain and nerve regeneration after crush injury of sciatic nerve in rats. Methods : We divided the subjects into 5 groups : control group, acupuncture treated group, electroacupuncture treated group, Cervi Pantortichum Cornu pharmacopuncture treated group, electroacupuncture and Cervi Pantortichum Cornu pharmacopuncture group. Hot plate test and degree of Substance P antibody in each group were observed at the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 5th day. Sciatic function index and change of BDNF immunoreactivity had been estimated at the 7th, 14th, 21st day respectively. Atrophy of the gastrocnemius at the 21st day was observed. Results : All the experimental groups showed significant changes in hot plate test, degree of Substance P antibody, sciatic function index and change of BDNF immunoreactivity compared with control group. Especially, when electroacupuncture and Cervi Pantortichum Cornu pharmacopuncture used together, results were more effective than other groups. Recovery of the gastrocnemius was also the same. Conclusions : It is suggested that electroacupuncture and Cervi Pantortichum Cornu pharmacopuncture may play a significant role on pain decrease and nerve regeneration after crush injury of sciatic nerve in rats and these two treatments could be more effective when used together.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.93-111
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• 2010

Objectives: The present study was performed to evaluate the potential effects of Bupleuri radix (SH) on regenerative activities in the peripheral sciatic nerve after crushing injury in rats. Methods: Axonal regeneration after crush injury in rats was analyzed by immunofluorescence staining using anti-NF-200 antibody and retrograde tracing of DiI-axons. Changes in protein levels in the sciatic nerve axons and DRG tissue were analyzed by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining. Effects of SH extract treatment on neurite outgrowth was examined by immunofluorescence staining for cultured DRG neurons. Results: Major findings on the effects of SH extract treatment on axonal regeneration are summarized as follows. 1. SH-mediated enhancement in axonal regeneration was identified by immuno- fluorescence straining of NF-200 protein and retrograde tracing of DiI-labeled axons. 2. Axonal GAP-43 protein levels were upregulated by SH not only in the injured axons but also in the DRG sensory neurons corresponding to sciatic sensory axons. 3. Phospho-Erk1/2 protein levels were increased in both injured axonal area and DRG sensory neurons by SH. Phospho-Erk1/2 was also found in non-neuronal cells in the injured axons. 4. SH elevated levels of Cdc2 protein produced in Schwann cells in the distal portions of injured sciatic nerves. 5. The neurite outgrowth of DRG sensory neurons in culture was augmented by SH, and these changes were positively associated with GAP-43 production levels in the DRG neurons. Conclusions: These data suggest that SH extract improves the regenerative responses of injured peripheral neurons, and thus may be useful for understanding molecular basis for the development of therapeutic strategies.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.126-144
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• 2012

Background : Peripheral nerves more rapidly recover than central nerves. However, it has been known that the degree of reaction of axons of peripheral nerves is affected by distinctive characteristics of axons and environmental factors near the axons. Taxol is a widely used medicine as for ovarian, breast, lung and gastric cancer. However it causes patients difficulties under treatment due to its toxic and side effects, which include persistent pain. Objectives : This study reviewed how SJT extract in vitro and in vivo affects nerve tissues of a sciatic nerve damaged by Taxol. It also studied how SJT extract in vivo affects axons of the sciatic nerve after the sciatic nerve was damaged by pressing. Methods : After vehicle, Taxol, and Taxol plus SJT were treated respectively for tissue of the sciatic nerve in vitro and then tissues were observed using Neurofilament 200, Hoechst, ${\beta}$-tubulin, $S100{\beta}$, caspase-3 and anti-cdc2. SJT was also oral medicated by injecting Taxol into the sciatic nerve of in vivo rats. Tissues of the sciatic nerve and axons of DRG sensory nerves were then observed using Neurofilament 200, Hoechst, ${\beta}$-tubulin, $S100{\beta}$, caspase-3 and p-Erk1/2. After inflicting pressing damage to the sciatic nerve of in vivo rats, tissues of the sciatic nerve and DRG sensory nerve were observed using Neurofilament 200, Hoechst, $S100{\beta}$, caspase-3, anti-cdc2, phospho-vimentin, ${\beta}1$-integrin, Dil reverse tracking and p-Erk1/2. Results : The group of in vitro Taxol plus SJT treatment had meaningful effects after sciatic nerve tissue was damaged by Taxol. The group of in vivo SJT treatment had effects of regenerating Schwann cells and axons which were damaged by Taxol treatment. The group of in vivo SJT had effects of regenerating axons in damaged areas after the sciatic nerve was damaged by pressing, and also had variations of distribution in Schwann cells at DRG sensory nerves and axons. Conclusions : This study confirmed that SJT treatment is effective for growth of axons in the sciatic nerve tissues and improvement of Schwann cells after axons of the sciatic nerve tissues was damaged. After tissues of sciatic nerve was damaged by pressing in vivo, SJT treatment had effects on promoting regeneration of axon in the damaged area and reactional capabilities in axons of DRG sensory nerves.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.51-72
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was designed to evaluate the effects of Ohyaksungi-san(Wuyaoshungi-san) and Jungsongouhyul pharmacopuncture on pain reduction and nerve regeneration after crush injury in rat sciatic nerve. Methods : Animal model was produced through crush injury of right sciatic nerve and they were divided into four groups; Group I: no treatment control group; Group II: experimental group treated with Ohyaksungi-san(Wuyaoshungi-san); Group III: experimental group treated with Jungsongouhyul pharmacopuncture; Group IV: experimental group treated with Ohyaksungi-san(Wuyaoshungi-san) and Jungsongouhyul pharmacopuncture. For the assessment of pain, this study was observed the paw withdrawal latency(PWL) and immunoreactivity on the substance-P. For the assessment of nerve regeneration, the sciatic functional index(SFI) and immunoreactivity on the BDNF were measured. Results : 1. In the assessment of pain, the PWL of experimental groups was significantly higher than control group and group IV was significantly higher than other groups at the all days. 2. In immunohistochemical response of substance-P, as time passes, the immunoreactivity of all groups were decreased gradully. Especially, group IV had the lowest immunoreactivity. 3. In the assessment of SFI, the SFI of experimental groups were significantly higher than control group. 4. In immunohistochemical response of BDNF, the BDNF immunoreactivity of all groups was significantly higher than control group and especially, group IV had the highest immunoreactivity at the 14 days after injury. 5. H & E stain was used on the liver and kidney to investigate toxic effect of Jungsongouhyul pharmacopuncture and Ohyaksungi-san(Wuyaoshungi-san) on on 21 days after injury. However there were no any toxic effects both control group and experimental groups. Conclusions : On the basis of these results, we propose that Ohyaksungi-san(Wuyaoshungi-san) and Jungsongouhyul pharmacopuncture were related to pain reduction and motor nerve recovery, also decreased substance-P expression and increased BDNF expression after crush injury of sciatic nerve, especially these two treatments could be more effective when they were combined simultaneously.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.61-79
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of Dokwal-tang(Duhuo-tang) and Jungsongouhyul Pharmacopuncture on pain control and nerve regeneration after crush injury in rat sciatic nerve. Methods : Animal model was produced through right sciatic nerve crush injury and they were randomly divided into four groups; Group I: no treatment control group; Group II: experimental group treated with Dokwal-tang(Duhuo-tang); Group III: experimental group treated with Jungsongouhyul Pharmacopuncture; Group IV: experimental group treated with Dokwal-tang(Duhuo-tang) and Jungsongouhyul Pharmacopuncture. For the pain assessment, this study was observed the paw withdrawal latency(PWL) and immunoreactivity on the substance-P. For the nerve regeneration assessment, the sciatic functional index(SFI) and immunoreactivity on the GAP-43 were measured. Results : 1. In the pain assessment, the PWL of experimental groups were significantly higher than control group and group IV was significantly higher than other groups. 2. In immunohistochemical response of substance-P, as time passes, all groups had decreased immunoreactivity gradually. Specially, group IV was observed the lowest immunoreactivity. 3. In the assessment of SFI, the SFI of experimental groups were significantly higher than control group. 4. In immunohistochemical response of GAP-43, all groups had higher GAP-43 immunoreactivity at the 14 days from post-injury and at the all days, control group was observed most lower immunoreactivity and group IV was observed most higher immunoreactivity. Conclusions : These results of this study suggest that Dokwal-tang(Duhuo-tang) and Jungsongouhyul Pharmacopuncture was related with pain inhibition and motor nerve recovery, and decreased substance-P expression and increased GAP-43 expression after sciatic nerve crush injury.