• 한국지구과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.02a
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• pp.138-144
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• 2005

석류석은 변성 온도와 압력을 계산하는 지온지압계에 널리 사용되며, 또한 이들 내부엽리와 외부엽리와의 접촉 관계를 이용하여 상대적인 변형작용의 시기를 밝히는 데 이용되어져 왔다. 석류석 반상변정 내의 내부 엽리 조직에 대한 정량적인 해석과 내부 미세 구조와 화학적 누대구조와의 관계에 대한 접근 방법은 석류석이 형성되는 동안에 온도-압력-변형작용의 진화 과정을 보다 정량적으로 해석할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 절대 연령 자료와 결합은 조산 운동 동안 발생하는 다변성/다변형 작용의 특징 보여주는 온도-압력-변형-시간 경로를 규명할 수 있다. 미국 메사추세츠 주 북중부 지역에서 십자석, 남정석과 함께 산출되는 석류석 반상변정은 온도-압력이 증가(540-570 $^{\circ}C$, 4.0-5.0 kbar에서 620-637 $^{\circ}C$, 7.9-8.8 kbar 까지) 하면서 성장하였다. 또한 이와 같은 변성작용 동안 압축 변형 방향은 다음과 같은 순서로, NE-SW, NW-SE, N-S 그 다음 E-W 방향으로 변화하였다. 결론적으로 이와 같은 변성작용과 변형작용은 주로 고생대 중기 데본기 동안에 일어났던 아카디안 조산운동으로 특징 지워 지며, 후기 알레게니안 조산운동에 부분적으로 영향을 받은 것으로 판단한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.44-44
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• 1999

전적으로 해외기술에 의존하고 있는 소프트 닙 캘린더 피복의 국산화를 위해 시험 제작 된 소프트 닙 캘린더용 연질롤의 캘린더링 효과를 구명하기 위해서 공정 변수에 따른 신문 용지의 물성변화를 평가하였다. 연질 롤로는 (주)광성고무롤에서 시험제작된 경도 90 Shore D의 것을 사용하였으며, 캘린 더링 시의 압력, 가열 롤의 표면온도, 닙 체류 시간, 유입지의 함수율 변화에 따른 신문용지 의 별크, 평활도, 광택도, 인장강도, 인열강도, 불투명도 변화를 조사하였다. 별크는 캘린더링 시 압력, 가열 롤의 표면온도, 닙 체류시간의 증가에 따라 감소하였다. 가열 롤의 표면온도가 높을수록 별크가 크게 감소되었으며, 닙 체류시간이 짧은 경우에는 1 120 226;C 이하에서 캘린더링을 실시하는 것이 별크 유지에 효과적이었다. 평활도는 가열 롤의 표연 온도, 닙 체류시간이 증가함에 따라 개선되었으며, 선압과 함 수율 증가에 의해서도 상승되는 경향을 보였. 인장강도는 유입지의 함수율, 닙 체류시간, 가열 롤의 표면온도가 모두 상승할 경우 증 가하는 결과를 나타내었다. 이는 함수율 증가에 의해 섬유의 유연성이 향상된 상태에서는 칼렌더링 온도와 닙체류 시간 증가에 의한 섬유의 기계적 변형과 열전달에 의한 섬유의 열 변형이 효과적으로 발생하여 섬유간 결합면적이 증가된 결과로 생각되었다. 인열강도는 소프트닙 캘린더링 후 전반적으로 감소하였으나 캘린더링 온도와 닙체류시 간은 인열강도에 미치는 영향은 적은 것으로 나타났다. 소프트 닙 캘린더링 시 발생하는 인 열강도의 저하를 막기 위해서는 닙 체류시간을 짧게 적용하고 섬유의 열변형이 종이의 표변 에서만 일어날 수 있도록 유입지 함수율과 가열롤의 표면온도를 적절히 조절하는 것이 필요 하리라 판단되었다.광택도는 온도와 압력이 증가할수록 증가하였으나, 닙 체류시간에 따라서는 큰 변화를 나타내지 않았으며 120도씨에서는 닙 체류시간의 증가에 따라 광택도가 오히려 감소하기도 하였다. 불투명도는 벌크와 마찬가지로 압력이 높고 가열롤의 표면온도가 높은 경우 낮게 나타 났다 특히 닙 체류시간의 증가에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였다.보였다.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.211-237
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• 2000

Major element zoning has been analyzed in garnet porphroblasts obtained from the Grt-St and Ky-Grt-St grade assemblages in Zones I on the northern flank of the Pelham Dome, north central Massachusetts. These porphyroblasts grew during multiple phases of deformation and meta-morphism revealed by the inclusion trail geometry plus the chemical zoning patterns within garnet porphyroblasts. Unusual zoning patterns, including zoning reversals and gradient changes in XMn, zlgzag patterns in Fe/(Fe +Mg) and staircase-shaped patterns in XCa, are coincident with textural truncations and other changes in microstructure within the garnet porphrublasts. Chemical variations in plagioclase, biotite, muscovite and staurolite combined with inclusion trail geometry and petrography reveal that the garnet zoning patterns are modified by combinations of the following. (1) Uni-and divariant reactions involving garnet consumption(Grt+ Chl+Ms=St+Bt+Qtz + $H_2$O) and production(St+Ms + Qtz= Bt+ Grt +A1$_2$$SiO_{5}$ + $H_2$O). (2) Deformation induced episudic ionit dissolution, preferential diffusion and re-distribution during foliation development. (3) P-T changes during growth of the porphyroblasts. The P-T paths combined with petrographic and inclusion trail morphology observations consist of two pattens; (1) heating/compression during NW-SE shortening; and (2) decompression with cooling during NNW-SSE shortening. Based on temperature-time(T-t) geochronological data and late-Paleozoic tectonic model, Alleghanian metamorphism, which is the result of heterogeneous shearing concentrated along the boundary between the Abalone Terrane(Pelham dome) and cover rocks(Bronson Hill Terrane), has produced Ky-St-Ms mineral assemblage during Pennsylvanian(290-300 Ma) in Shutesbury area. However, temperature of alleghanian metamorphism was not high enough to form garnet and staurolite in the Northfiled syncline area. Alleghanian metamorphism has affected only the matrix due to heterogeneous shearing in the study area.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.11 no.3_4
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• pp.121-137
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• 2002

Metamorphic evolution of the Ogcheon metamorphic belt has been studied by many investigators for the past few decades. P-T conditions of the Ogcheon metamorphic belt were estimated as 4.2-9.4 kbar and $490-630^{\circ}C$, corresponding to the medium-pressure type. In addition, the clockwise P-T-t path suggests a crustal-thickening event in association with the formation of thrust nappes. However, some details on deformation and orogeny of the Ogcheon metamorphic belt have been ambiguous yet. Although the metamorphic age has been also equivocal, recent isotopic studies strongly suggest that the peak metamorphism in the Ogcheon metamorphic belt has occurred at ca. 300-280 Ma between Late Carboniferous and Early Permian. It is thus inferred that the Ogcheon metamorphic belt and the Taebaegsan basin have evolved as separate terranes and that both were sutured at ca. 250-220 Ma. These results are partly in contrast with those of previous workers and require a revised framework for tectonic evolution of the Ogcheon belt. In addition, it is likely that the Ogcheon belt is correlative with the Hida marginal belt and the Hida metamorphic belt.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.423-426
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• 2008

에탄올아민(ETA: Ethanolamine)은 탄소, 질소, 산소로 이루어진 유기화합물로 각종 산업에서 널리 사용되는 물질이다. 이러한 ETA는 상온에서는 휘발성을 띠지만 산 염기의 평형상수가 9.4 이므로 그 이하에서는 양이온 형태로 존재한다. 또한 수중에 존재할 경우 COD 및 T-N을 유발하는 물질이므로 이를 제거해야 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 수중에 존재하는 ETA를 제거하기 위해 온도, pH, 내부압력에 따른 ETA 증발 특성을 조사하였다. ETA증발 초기에는 끓는점의 차이로 인하여 물이 먼저 증발하며 일정시간 경과 후 농축된 ETA가 급격히 증발하였다. 내부압력이 낮아짐에 따른 ETA 수용액의 끓는점은 낮아졌으며 내부압력이 160mmHg이하일 때 가열온도에 영향을 받지 않고 ETA는 전량 증발하였다. 대기압 상태에서 ETA의 증발량은 pH에 영향을 받지만 진공상태에서는 ETA의 부분압이 낮아져 그 영향력은 매우 적었다.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.111-131
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• 1998

The migmatitic gneiss in the Odesan Gneiss Complex has small amount of quartzite, amphibolite and marble and the Kuryong Group which contact with migmatitic gneiss unconformitly, also contains some amphibolite. Preview studies of this area had regarded that the amphibolites contact with marble had been produced by metasomatism from the pelitic and calcareous sediments mixtures, but the amphibolite is reinterpreted as igneous origin. $SiO_2$ content of the amphibolite is 45.9~52.7 wt%, which corresponds to basaltic composition. MgO content has narrow range (4.6~6.87 wt%) and major and trace element are plotted against MgO,$TiO_2, P_2O_5$, Hf, Zr are reduced and Cr and Ni are increased their content with increasing MgO. This phenomenon indicates that the basaltic magma as the protolith of the amphibolite had frationated with the crystallization of the pyroxene and/or olivine. REE pattern has smoothly decrease from LREE to HREE. Eu/Eu(0.83~1.19) show the flat Eu anomaly, which indicate small fractional crystallization of plagioclase. HREE is enriched in the garnet-bearing amphibolites. Several discrimination diagram for the basaltic magma show that the amphibolite of the study area is originated tholeiitic basaltic magma indicating continental rift environment. Due to determine the metamorphic condition garnet-hornblende geothermometry and hornblende-plagioclase geobarometry are used. Peak metamorphic temperature range of the amphibolite $788~870^{\circ}C$ and is deduced toward the northeastern part. The calculated temperature from the amphibolite has slightly higher than the temperature of the metapelites but the trend of metamorphic grade which decrease from western to eastern part progradly is similar to each other. The metamorphic pressure calculated by garnet- hornblede-plagioclase geobarometry is 4~5kb. But ilmenite-plagioclase pair enclosed in garnet show 8 kb at $700^{\circ}C$ by garnet-ilmenite-rutile-plagioclase geobarometery. The zonal profile of garnet in sample 84 shows the bell-shape profile, which grossular content decreases whereas pyrope content increases progressively. This means that the amphibolite has undergone the clockwise P-T-t path which is shown in the migmatitic gneiss of the Odesan Gneiss Complex.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.1 s.43
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• pp.10-24
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• 2006

Staurolite grains in staurolite, kyanite and sillimanite zones occurred in the Littleton Formation, Northcentral Massachusetts have interpreted to form by Barrovian-type metamorphism during Acadian orogeny. However, various occurrence of staurolite in the three zones, (a) porphyroblast, (b) randomly oriented and coarse-grained muscovite pseudomorph after staurolite, (c) recrystallized staurolite at the margin of garnet porphyroblast and within the pseudomorph, indicates that they have resulted from polymetamorphism. Staurolite in these three metamorphic zones can be formed by demise of chlorite or chloritoid that depends on difference of bulk-rock compositions and changes of P-T conditions. Staurolite modal proportion calculated in MnNCKFHASH system using THERMOCALC program reveals that staurolite could have grown with garnet with increasing pressure and temperature, if it coexist with chlorite. After demise of chlorite and appearance of biotite, staurolite mode decrease with increasing pressure and temperature. Therefore, based on the previous P-T paths for the Acadian metamorhism, staurolite porphyroblast grew with garnet during 400-370 Ma. Randomly oriented and coarse-grained muscovite pseudomorphs after staurolite probably have grown due to heating with appearance of kyanite and sillimanite. Consequently, pseudomorphisrn of staurolite occurred by heating derived from locally intense Alleghanian shearing (ca. 320-300 Ma) overprinted the Acadian metamorphism. Recrystallized fine-grained staurolite in sillimanite zone observed between the grain boundaries of muscovite in the pseudomorphs and at the edge of garnet porphyrobasts has formed during decreasing temperature and pressure (ca. 300-280 Ma) after peak temperature (ca. $700^{\circ}C$) of the Allegllanian metamorphism.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-24
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• 1992

Precambrian metamorphic rocks of the Gapyeong-Cheongpyeong area consist of banded gneiss, augen gneiss, leucocratic gneiss, quartz schist and quartzite, together with minor intercalations of serpentinite, amphibolite and marble. Mineral assemblages of meta-sedimentary rocks are classified into three types: sillimanite-free; sillimanite-bearing; and sillimanite+K-feldspar-bearing assemblages. Compositions of metamorphic phases depend on the type of mineral assemblages. In particular, the Ca contents of plagioclase and garnet are high in sillimanite-free assemblges. Kyanite occurs in three samples, and coexists with sillimanite in one sample. The presence of kyanite indicates that metamorphic rocks of the study area have experienced the Barrovian type metamorphism. Peak metamorphic conditions estimated from various geothermobarometers and phase equilibria are 618-674$^{\circ}C$ and 6.5${\pm}$2.0 kbar for sillimanite-free assemblages, and 701-740$^{\circ}C$ and 4.4${\pm}$0.8 kbar for sillimanite-bearing assemblages, respectively. Furthermore, a clockwise P-T-time path is deduced for the study area, based on the following observations: (1) the polymorphic transition of kyanite to sillimanite, (2) the occurrence of sillimanite and K-feldspar belonging to the upper amphibolite facies, and finally (3) the retrograde metamorphism characterized by muscovite-, chlorite-, and actinolite-bearing assemblages.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.58-66
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• 2016

This study was performed to investigate drying characteristics and quality properties of dried persimmon with vacuum drying process. Drying characteristic curve of the dried persimmon showed that the constant rate drying period and falling rate drying period exist definitely. $_{\circ}Brix$, sugar content and hardness value of the dried persimmon increased as the vacuum pressure and heating temperature increased, but L value of the dried persimmon lower. The results indicated that the optimal conditions were at vacuum pressure of 40~50kPa abs., heating temperature of $30^{\circ}C$ and drying time of 3~4days.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.121-124
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• 1977

A study on the formation of black iron oxide was carried in differents of Fe(III), Fe(II) ion in the aqueous solution that iron(II) sulfate was calcined under various temperature and leached in water. The results obtained was follows; (1) It was found that the sample calcined in an electric muffle furnace maintained at $500^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour and leached in water was equivalent mole (Fe(III) /Fe(II) = 1) in 20% aqueous solution. (2) When the above mentioned solution was hydrolyzed at pH range of 7 to 8 for 2 hours at $100^{\circ}C$, 93% and over of iron was recovered in the form of ${\alpha}-Fe_3O_4$ with a black colour.