• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.230-236
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was to investigate the effect of the application of cancer pain management guidelines on pain management among patients in Cancer Emergency Room. Methods: This study was a retrospective descriptive study. Before application, data were collected by analyzing the Electronic Medical Record in Cancer Emergency Room in September, 2011, and after application in February, 2012. The subjects of this study consisted of 231 patients (pre-application group 83, post-application group 148), who stayed over 24 hours and complained of pain higher than Numeric Rating Scale score 4. The post-test was conducted after educating the nurses about the application of the pain management guidelines in the Electronic Medical Record. Results: This survey showed that, as the cancer pain management guidelines were applied for cancer patients with above moderate pain, the pain intensity decreased, the number of patients reaching the treatment goal score increased. Furthermore, the estimated time to reach the treatment goal decreased significantly. Conclusion: Pain intensity of the cancer patients was decreased through regular pain assessments by nurses and the medication of analgesics according to the cancer pain management guidelines. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the pain management program and to provide the physicians and nurses with intensive education about the pain management guidelines for systematic and effective pain management.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.123-132
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the effects of provision of a cancer pain guideline and education for patients with cancer and their families on their knowledge and attitude toward cancer pain control. Method: A nonequivalent control group pre-post test design was used. The participants were selected according to a selection criteria from patients and their families on the medical ward at K university hospital in D city. Both the experimental group for patients with cancer and control group consisted of 16 patients and their families. Results: The first hypothesis, which assumed that there was a difference between the patients in the experimental group and the control group on knowledge (t=-20.006, p=.000) and attitude (t=-13.492, p=.000), was accepted. The second hypothesis, which assumed there was a difference between families in the experimental group and the control group on knowledge (t=-16.087, p=.000) and attitude (t=-10.262, p=.000), was supported. Conclusion: Education for cancer related pain control with a patient guideline had a positive effect on knowledge and attitude of patients with cancer patients and their families suggesting that there is a need to developed this type of guidelines.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.90-103
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• 2003

Pain management is a major issue in caring of cancer patients. Because pain management cancer patient of does not control effectively, it is important to educate reporting pain and using analgesics for having cancer patient's concerns and anxiety. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of cancer pain management education on the pain and concerns of pain management in cancer patients. This study was a quasi-experimental as nonequivalent control pretest-post test design. The subjects of this study consisted of 50 (experimental group 25, control group 25) patients hospitalized in K university hospital in Busan. The data were collected from December 1, 2001 to April 12, 2002. The measurement tool for the concerns of pain management had used questionnaires interpretated by Kim(1999) developed by based Ward(1993) and pain nominal scale. The collected data were analyzed frequency, percentage, mean, SD, $X^2$-test, t-test, ANCOVA. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The 1st hypothesis : "The experimental group which had received the cancer pain management education were lower than the control group in the score of pain" was not supported (p>0.05). 2. The 2nd hypothesis : "The experimental group which had received the cancer pain management education were lower than the control group in concerns of pain management" was supported (F=5.285, p<0.01). In conclusion, the cancer pain management education can know what was effective to decrease in the concerns of pain management in cancer patients. Therefore, Pain Management Education must be positively utilized in clinical situation.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.22-33
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• 2003

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the present status of patients' satisfaction and the reasons for any satisfaction or dissatisfaction in cancer pain management Methods : A cross-sectional survey was used to obtain the feedback about pain management. The results of the survey were collected from 59 in- or out-patient who had cancer treatment at two of the teaching hospitals in Seoul from July, 2002 to November, 2002. The data was obtained by a structured questionnaire based on the American Cancer Society Patient Outcome Questionnaire(APS-POQ) and other previous research. The clinical information for all patients were compiled by reviewing their medical records. Resuts : 1) The subjects' mean score of the worst pain was 6.77, the average pain score was 3.80, and the pain score after management was 2.93 for the past 24 hours. The mean score of total pain interference was $25.03{\pm}12.82$. Many of the subjects had false beliefs about pain such as 'the experience of pain is a sign that the illness has gotten worse', 'pain medicine should be 'saved' in case the pain gets worse' and 'people get addicted to pain medicine easily'. 2) 66.1% of the subjects were properly medicated with analgesics. 33.9% of the subjects reported use of various methods in controlling pain other than the prescribed medication. Only 33.9% of the subjects had a chance to be educated about pain management by doctors or nurses. 3) The mean score of patients' satisfaction with pain management was $4.19{\pm}1.14$. 72.9% of the subjects answered 'satisfied' with pain management. The reasons for dissatisfaction were 'the pain was not relieved even after the pain management', 'I was not quickly and promptly treated when I complained of pain', 'doctors and nurses didn't pay much attention to my complaints of pain.', and 'there was no appropriate information given on the methods of administration, effect duration and side effects of pain medicine.' The reasons for satisfaction were: 'the pain was relieved after the pain management.', 'doctors and nurses quickly and promptly controlled my pain.', 'doctors and nurses paid enough attention to my complaints of pain.' and 'trust in my physician'. 4) In pain severity or pain interference, no significant difference was found between the satisfied group and dissatisfied group. On the belief 'good patients avoid talking about pain', a significant difference was found between the satisfied group and dissatisfied group. Conclusions : The patients' satisfaction with cancer pain management has increased over the years but still about 30% of patients reported to be 'not satisfied' for various reasons. The results of this study suggest that patients' education should be done to improve satisfaction in the pain management program.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2001

Background : Many analgesics are used to relieve the pain of various causes. Among these, $Myprodol^{(R)}$, a combination analgesic with codeine, ibuprofen and paracetamol, was recently used as a new analgesics. This study was performed to survey the kinds of diseases, side effects and pain relief effect of $Myprodol^{(R)}$ in clincal practice. Methods : This retrograde study surveyed the medical records of 183 patients treated with $Myprodol^{(R)}$ at Pain Clinic, Pusan National University Hospital. From medical records, the disease entities, the pain characteristics, duration of $Myprodol^{(R)}$ medication, the analgesic effect and side effects were evaluated. Results : $Myprodol^{(R)}$ is used in the treatment of cancer pain (64.3%) and non-cancer pain (35.7%). Among side effects of $Myprodol^{(R)}$ medication, nausea with vomiting, constipation and generalized edema were common in cancer pain, but epigatric pain was common in non cancer pain. $Myprodol^{(R)}$ was more effective in non cancer pain than cancer pain. Conclusions: $Myprodol^{(R)}$ was used in cancer and non-cancer pain patients. In cancer pain patients, $Myprodol^{(R)}$ was effective in early cancer pain but, not effective in advanced cancer. $Myprodol^{(R)}$ was also used and effective in non-malignant benign chest pain, lumbago, post-operative pain.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.147-155
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare and check the levels of cancer pain management knowledge and awareness between doctors and nurses in a tertiary hospital and to develop an intervention program. Methods: Participants were 725 nurses and 95 doctors working in a hospital from May 2 to 29, 2009. Data were analyzed using t-tests, ${\chi}^2$-tests, and ANOVA with SPSS WIN 18.0. Results: In a comparison of the pain management score, nurses showed significant results for age (p<.001), carrier (p<.001), education (p<.001), workplace (p<.001), and doctors showed significant results only for age (p=.032). Doctors' marks were significantly higher than nurses' in pain management scores (p<.001). Knowledge about analgesic medication (t=-5.38, p<.001) and analgesic drug effect (t=-8.59, p<.001) were significantly different in the pain management subcategory score between nurses and doctors. There were four items with different awareness levels related to analgesics between nurses and doctors. Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate that it is possible to develop pain education content for nurses and doctors. The findings of this study are useful when seeking to change the awareness level of a medical team regarding opioid analgesics.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.224-233
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was conducted to provide basic data for developing an effective strategy for cancer pain management by comparing the levels of barriers to pain management of metastatic or advanced cancer patient and their nurses. Methods: The subject of this study were 155 patients who were treated for metastatic or advanced cancer at one of three hospitals in Seoul from January 2004 to January 2005, and 153 nurses who take care of those patients. The levels of barriers to pain management were measured using a tool developed by Gunnarsdottir et al. (2002), 27 questions on a six point scale. The levels of stresses were measured using a tool modified from a stress response measurement reported by Goh Gyung-bong et al. (2000), 27 questions on a five point scale. The levels of barriers in cancer patients were analyzed using t-test and ANOVA, while the data obtained from patients and nurses were compared by t-test. Results: Higher levels of barriers to pain management were found in three groups: 'less than middle school,' 'not treated with anti-cancer chemotherapy,' and 'ECOG of 2.' The level (2.55) of barriers to pain management in the patient group was higher than that (1.76) of the nurse group. Both of the two groups had high levels of barriers in two variables: 'There is a danger of becoming addicted to pain medicine.' and 'Using pain medicine blocks your ability to know if you have any new pain.' There was not a significant difference in the levels of stresses between the two groups. Conclusion: It was found that, for effective cancer pain management practices, it would be necessary to provide cancer patients and their nurses with education and training about pain management and related barriers.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.25-37
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine potential factors related to the management of cancer pain, that is, hospital institutional factors as well as personal aspects of nurses. Methods: This study was a descriptive research study in which 229 RNs working in 2 tertiary medical institutions in Seoul and 4 secondary medical institutions in Seoul, Incheon and Gyeonggi were surveyed. Results: It was found that nurses' knowledge about pain intervention, their working division and their knowledge about the use of analgesics had different effects on their pharmacologic interventions. These 3 variables explained 14.5% of the variance regarding pharmacologic interventions. On the other hand, nurses' knowledge about pain interventions and nursing organization were variables affecting non-pharmacologic interventions by the nurses. These two variables explained 22.1% of the variance regarding non-pharmacologic interventions by the nurses. Conclusion: The findings indicate that nursing organization, one of hospital institutional factors, had significant effects on non-pharmacologic interventions. Therefore, to increase effective pain management by nurses, an organizational system should be established such as placement of nurse practitioners, improvement of nurses' autonomy in pain management, and development and distribution of standardized guidelines.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.12-21
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• 2020

Purpose: The study was to develop a tailored education and coaching program (TECP) for cancer patients, and to identify the effects of TECP on pain severity, daily living impairment, barriers on pain management, self-efficacy, and pain management satisfaction. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was used. Patients referred to an oncology nurse specialist from oncologists for pain management were randomly assigned to TECP (25) or usual education program (UEP, 22). The intervention was offered by educating the method of taking opioid medication, managing opioid-induced side effects, reducing pain misconceptions and enhancing self-efficacy for communicating with a medical team on cancer pain severity, and pain-related impairment. Patients completed questionnaires before the education program and on the next visit 3~4 weeks later. Data were analyzed by SPSS 19.0 program using percentage, frequency, mean, standard deviation, x² test and independent t-test. Results: At all levels, pain severity improved significantly in the experimental group-worst pain (8.16 to 3.80, p<.001), average pain (6.16 to 2.52 p=.008), and least pain (3.32 to 0.96, p=.038)-but not in the control group. Pain management satisfaction also showed significant differences (t=2.93, p=.005) between experimental (4.70±0.49) and control (4.17±0.73) groups. Interference with daily living, barriers to managing cancer pain, and self-efficacy for managing pain improved in both groups but there were no significant differences. Conclusion: The findings suggest that TECP should be considered for outpatients who need cancer pain management.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.42-50
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• 2008

Purpose: Undertreatment of canter pain, especially due to the differences in the perception of pain between the patients and caregivers, is a well recognized problem. The purpose of this study were to determine if there exist differences in communication about pain intensity scores between patients and their family caregivers in Korea. Methods: A total of 127 patient-family caregiver dyads who have experienced canter pain participated in this study at a hospital in Seoul for six months. The data were obtained by fare to face interview with a structured questionnaire based on Brief Pain Inventory-Korean version and other previous researches. The clinical information for all patients was compiled by reviewing their medical records. Results: Patients' 'worst-pain for 24-hour' and 'right-now-pain' scores estimated by family caregivers were significantly higher than those by patient themselves. The degree of agreement between patients and family caregivers in the estimate of patients' 'worst-pain for 24-hour' intensity categories was 78.7% for 'severe pain', 40% for 'no pain', 27.5% for 'mild pain' and 22.9% for 'moderate pain'. In case of 'right-now-pain' intensity categories, the agreement was 50% for 'severe pain', 47.2% for mild pain, 46.3% for 'no pain', and 26.3% for 'moderate pain'. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the degree of agreement between patients and family caregivers in the estimate of patients 'pain intensity categories was less than 50% except for 'severe pain'. The results indicate that Korean family caregivers tend to overestimate the canter pain intensity of their caring patients, especially, when a lancer patient has 'moderate' or 'mild pain'. Health Providers are advised to educate patient-family caregiver dyads to use a pain measurement scale to promote their agreement in pain Intensity stores. Further analyses and studies are needed to identify the factors and differences that influence their communication about pain intensity scores between patients and their family caregivers.