• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.573-586
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• 2023

Joints or weak planes can induce anisotropy in the strength and deformability of fractured rock masses. Comprehending this anisotropic behavior is crucial to engineering geology. This study used plaster as a friction material to mold specimens with a single joint. The strength and deformability of the specimens were measured in true triaxial compression tests. The measured results were compared with three-dimensional numerical analysis based on the distinct element method, conducted under identical conditions, to assess the reliability of the modeled values. The numerical results highlight that the principal stress conditions in the field, in conjunction with joint orientations, are crucial factors to the study of the strength and deformability of fractured rock masses. The strength of a transversely isotropic rock mass derived numerically considering changes in the dip angle of the joint notably increases as the intermediate principal stress increases. This increment varies depending on the dip of the joint. Moreover, the interplay between the dip direction of the joint and the two horizontal principal stress directions dictates the strength of the transversely isotropic rock mass. For a rock mass with two joint sets, the set with the steeper dip angle governs the overall strength. If a rock bridge effect occurs owing to the limited continuity of one of the joint sets, the orientation of the set with longer continuity dominates the strength of the entire rock mass. Although conventional three-dimensional failure criteria for fractured rock masses have limited applicability in the field, supplementing them with numerical analysis proves highly beneficial.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.39 no.4 s.179
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• pp.451-471
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• 2006

Major projects and research topics in the field of rock mechanics are analyzed to obtain the following results: $\cdot$ Rock mechanics deals with the behavior of deformation, failure and displacement of the rock and rock mass on the basis of geological basics. Discontinuities in the rock mass are the most important parameters to control the behavior of rock mass around underground openings. $\cdot$ The objective of site investigation and testing is to determine the strength properties of the rock mass and the in situ stress regime. Specimens for laboratory and in situ tests are to be selected in order that the results of the tests give the representative properties oi the rock mass of the site in question. $\cdot$ The result of a numerical model would be better evaluated not quantitatively but qualitatively. The displacement behavior of the rock mass has to be monitored properly for the NATM (New Austrian Tunneling Method) principles. $\cdot$ The stability of rock slope is to be evaluated preferably by back analysis with strength parameters, such as cohesion and friction angle.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2003.06b
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• pp.85-115
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• 2003

토공작업시 굴착난이도(토층, 리핑암, 발파암)를 판정하는 기준으로는 암반의 강도, 풍화정도, 불연속면 간격과 같은 여러 가지 암반의 공학적 특성 및 지반의 탄성파 속도 등이 사용된다. 그러나 실제 토공 작업시의 굴착난이도 평가는 탄성파 탐사와 같은 암석ㆍ암반의 정량적인 판단기준에 근거하지 않고 단지 현장 기술자들의 육안관찰에 의존하여 굴착난이도를 구분하고 있는 실정이다. 본 논문은 실내시험 및 현장시험, 현장굴착난이도 평가 및 탄성파탐사 등을 실시하여 여러 암석에 대한 강도특성을 파악한 것을 근거로 현장에서 사용할 수 있는 암반굴착난이도 평가법의 Checklist를 제안하였다.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.86-96
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• 2004

Rock mass classification methods such as RMR, Q system and GSl have been widely adopted with certain modifications for the design of mine openings. The GSI system is the only rock mass classification system that is related to Mohr-Coulomb and Hoek-Brown strength parameters and gives a simple method to calculate the engineering properties of rock masses which can be useful input parameters for a numerical analysis. A detailed surveying for GSI mapping as well as far calculating RMR values was undertaken at Daesung and Pyunghae underground limestone mining sites. RQD values were determined for row locations in these two mining sites. Based on GSI values and intact rock strength properties, the rock mass strength modulus of elasticity as well as the Mohr-Coulomb strength parameter c$_{m}$ and $\phi$$_{m}$ were determined. GSI and RMR are correlated.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.479-489
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• 2009

Appropriate investigation of ground condition near excavation face in tunnelling is an inevitable process for safe and economical construction. In this study mechanical parameters from drilling process for blasting were investigated for the purpose of predicting the ground condition, especially rock mass strength, ahead of tunnel face. Rock mass strength is one of the most important factors for classification of rock mass and making a decision of support type in underground construction. Several rock specimens which are considered homogeneous and having different strength values respectively were tested by hydraulic drill machines generally used. As a result, penetration rate is fairly related with rock mass strength among drilling parameters. It is also found that penetration rate increases along with the higher impact pressure even under same rock strength condition. It is finally suggested that new prediction method for rock mass strength using percussive pressure and penetration rate during drilling work can be utilized well in construction site.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Rock Mechanics Conference
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• 1995.03a
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• pp.67-81
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• 1995

암반 구조체를 해석하기 위해서는 파괴전의 응력-변형률 거동뿐만 아니라 파괴를 구성하는 삼차원 응력 상태를 알아야 한다. 암반의 파괴를 지배하는 조건을 결정하기 위해서는 일반적인 삼차원 파괴기준이 필요하다. 암반의 파괴를 이루는 응력상태를 파악하기 위해 많은 실험적 연구가 수행되었으며 특히 장비의 사용에 있어서 하중 메카니즘과 시료의 경계조건의 개선에 많은 연구가 진행되었다. 암반의 파괴조건을 설명하는 데에는 이러한 기본적인 기준들 이외에도 경험적인 기준들이 사용되어 왔다. Hoek 와 Brown 은 비등방성 재료의 강도에 대해 연구하였고 순수암(intact rock)의 강도에 대한 경험적인 기준을 제안하였다. (중략)

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.289-296
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• 2014

A simple analytical approach for stability assessment of underground storage caverns against ground uplift of overburden rock above the rock caverns for high pressurized fluid such as compressed air energy storage (CAES) and compressed natural gas (CNG) was developed. In the developed approach, we assumed that failure plane of the overburden is straight upward to ground surface, and factor of safety can be calculated from a limit equilibrium analysis in terms of this cylindrical shape failure model. The frictional resisting force on the failure plane was estimated by Hoek-Brown strength criterion which replaces with Mohr-Coulomb criterion such that both intact rock strength and rock mass conditions can be considered in the current approach. We carried out a parametric sensitivity analysis of strength parameters under various rock mass conditions and demonstrated that the factor of safety againt ground uplift was more sensitive to Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion rather than Hoek-Brown criterion.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.304-317
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• 2009

Most crystalline rocks have much higher compressive strength than tensile strength and show brittle failure. In-situ rock mass, strong enough in general sense, often fails in brittle manner when subjected to high stress exceeding strength in due of geometrically induced stress concentration or of high initial stress. Therefore, it is necessary to verify the brittle failure characteristics of rock and rock mass for proper stability assessment of underground structures excavated in great depths. In this study, damage controlled tests were conducted on biotite-granite and granitic gneiss, which are the two major crystalline rock types in Korea, to obtain the strain dependency characteristics of the cohesion and friction angle. A Cohesion-Weakening Friction-Strengthening (CWFS hereafter) model for each rock type was constructed and a series of compression tests were carried out numerically while varying confining pressures. The same tests were also conducted assuming the rock is Mohr-Coulomb material and results were compared.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.26 no.9
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• pp.71-74
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• 2010

During construction of deep foundation in soft rock under varying soil properties, it is essential to locate the rock stratum, especially when drilling with slurry. When slurry is used for drilling, the bottom of the borehole cannot be seen, thereafter soil cuttings cannot be differentiated from soft rock cuttings. A new static rock penetrometer, known as Rock Penetrometer was developed during this study. It could be a simple mechanical device that is attached to the bottom of a Kelly bar which is used to attach drilling tools such as augers and core barrels while drilling. After its calibration in the laboratory, the performance of the static rock penetrometer was verified in the several field test sites.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.73-85
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• 2014

The strength parameters used in rock mass design are mainly estimated by equations using Hoek-Brown failure criterion because the tests to obtain the values are limited and expensive. To estimate the strength parameters, the Hoek-Brown failure criterion should be transformed to the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion. But the processes are more or less cumbersome due to the several stages including the computation and the analyzing steps. In this study, several rock states of various conditions were modeled and then the strength parameters were estimated using the Hoek-Brown failure criterion. Thereafter by analyzing the results, some charts and equations estimating the strength parameters through only one step or easily in the field using the values of RMC, the uniaxial compressive strength and the rock constant ($m_i$), were suggested. And then the suggested method was compared and discussed with the existing method.