• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.23-37
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• 2002

Failure of the cut slope is triggered by combination of internal and extemal failure factors. Internal failure factors are related to geological and geometrical conditions of slope itself, and natural and/or artificial loadings on slope can be the external failure factors. Influences of these failure factors show different intensity according to the ground condition and are controlled by behavior characters of the slope. In this study, the soil depth ratio(SR), block size ratio(BR) and rock strength are used as the criteria to divide ground condition based on behavior characteristics. Ground condition of the slope is divided into discontinuous jointed rock mass and continuos soil-like mass, highly fractured rock mass and massive rock mass by the criteria(SR and BR). The SFi-system is a rating system to determine the slope failure index(SFi) by analyzing internal and external factors based on classification of the ground condition. The results of the SFi-system application to the real cut slopes show close relationship between the SFi value and potential or dimension of the failure. Therefore, the SFi-system can be used as a useful tool to predict and analyze the characteristic of the slope failure.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.393-401
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• 2015

In the construction of a TBM tunnel, it is very important to acquire accurate information of the excavated rock mass for an efficient and safe work. In this study, we developed the prediction system of TBM tunnel face ahead using probe drilling equipment and drilled hole imaging equipment to predict rock mass conditions of the tunnel face ahead. The prediction system consists of the probe drilling equipment, drilled hole imaging equipment and analysis software. The probe drilling equipment has been developed to be applicable to both non-coring and coring. Also the probe drilling equipment can obtain the drilling parameters such as feed pressure, torque pressure, rotation speed, drilling speed and so on. The drilling index is converted to the drilling index RMR through the correlation between a drilling index and core RMR. The developed system verification was carried out through a slope and tunnel field application. From the field application result, the non-coring is four times faster than a coring and the drilling index RMR and core RMR are similar in the distribution range. This system is expected to predict the rock mass conditions of the TBM tunnel face ahead very quickly and efficiently.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.251-265
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• 2018

This paper concerns the development of an optimized NATM secondary lining design system for a subsea tunnel. The subsea tunnel is normally laid down under the sea water and submarine ground which consists of soil or rock. The design system is the series of process which can predict lining member forces by ANN (artificial neural network system), analyze suitable section for the designated ground, construction and tunnel conditions. Finally, this lining design system aims to be connected for designing the subsea tunnel automatically. The lining member forces are predicted based on the ANN which was calculated by a FEM (finite element analysis) and it helps designers determine its lining dimension easily without any further FEM calculations.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.455-464
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• 2003

Four assessment systems for planning and evaluation of TBM tunnelling are discussed, and their characteristics and input data are analyzed. Two of the systems are determined to be adequate for post-evaluation of TBM performance because the time, such as repair time, downtime, installation time and transport time, must be included for calculations. The others are adequate for pre-planning because the basic data of the systems consist of only the basic properties of rocks and rock masses, and the specification of TBM. In order to apply these assessment systems, a number of equations, graphs and charts are generally required, which seems to be very inconvenient and complicated. In this study, therefore, a user-friendly program operated on Windows system is developed, and each system can be selected by the corresponding input data. It will be possible fer tunnel engineers to select a system according to their objectives and available input data, and to apply the system to TBM tunnel project.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.16 no.6 s.65
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• pp.451-466
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• 2006

Analysis of slope behavior concerning the structural characteristics of field rock mass can be processed by virtue of borehole information of joint orientation and position acquired from DOM drilled core. Anticipated sliding potential of pre-failed rock slope is analyzed and the regional slope instability is investigated by inspecting the hazardous joints and blocks the traces of which is projected on the cut-face. Cross section has been set at the center of rock slope and the traces of both joints and tetrahedral blocks, which potentially can induce the slope failure, are drawn to investigate the failure modes and the triggering mechanism. Automated monitoring system has been established to measure the slope movement and especially, inclinometer has been installed inside DOM borehole to analyze the slope movement by considering the internal rock structure. Algorithms for predicting the slope failure time have been reviewed and the significance of heavy rainfall on the slope behavior has been investigated.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.651-669
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• 2018

This study suggests the prediction model to estimate the specific energy of a pick cutter using a gene expression programming (GEP) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). Estimating the performance of mechanical excavators is of crucial importance in early design stage of tunnelling projects, and the specific energy (SE) based approach serves as a standard performance prediction procedure that is applicable to all excavation machines. The purpose of this research, is to investigate the relationship between UCS and BTS, penetration depth, cut spacing, and SE. A total of 46 full-scale linear cutting test results using pick cutters and different values of depth of cut and cut spacing on various rock types was collected from the previous study for the analysis. The Mean Squared Error (MSE) associated with the conventional Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) method is more than two times larger than the MSE generated by GEP-PSO algorithm. The $R^2$ value associated with the GEP-PSO algorithm, is about 0.13 higher than the $R^2$ associated with MLR.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

Recently, the development of underground space has been accelerated with rapid urbanization, and it is significantly important for safe construction to accurately understand the geological conditions of the section when excavating rocks. In this paper, a boring alignment tracking and geological exploration system have been developed to identify the geological conditions beyond the excavation face by utilizing a MSP method that bores a large empty hole to reduce blast-induced vibration. The major advantage of the proposed exploration system is that we can obtain the ground condition of 50 m ahead of the excavation face through exploration along blast cut-holes drilled for the NATM tunnel construction. In addition, we introduce several case histories regarding the assessment of the geological conditions beyond the tunnel face by monitoring the inside of large empty holes using the proposed hole exploration system.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.53-67
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• 2003

In this paper, a new systematic method will be introduced, in which a Rock-mass Prediction System(RPS) predicts the geological conditions and rock mass movements before tunnel excavation and the appropriate counter-measures are taken in the expected weak zones during tunnel construction. The Rock-mass Prediction System(RPS) consists of the LIM, a horizontal con drilling and a seismic exploration method (TSP/HSP). In the Rock-mass Prediction System(RPS), the seismic exploration method (TSP/HSP) gives information on the locations of the weak zones such as major faults and voids in wide-range, and the horizontal core drillings are utilized to find exact location and widths of the faults or voids near the weak zones which was predicted by the seismic exploration method (TSP/HSP). The LIM is used to find the hardness of the rock mass and small weak zones near the excavation face. The Rock-mass Prediction System(RPS) was successfully applied to the Sol-An Tunnel and the effectiveness of the system was verified.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.24-24
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• 2020

전세계적으로 지하수 인공함양은 기후변화로 인한 극한가뭄 시대에 효율적인 물확보 방안으로 평가되고 있는 기술로서, 우리나라에서도 2015년 충청 및 강원 지역의 극한 가뭄이 발생한 이후 그 필요성이 증대되고 있다. 지하수 인공함양 대상지역의 평가를 위해서는 물의 수요에 대한 진단, 대상지역의 수리수문학적 특성, 지층의 인공함양 가능성, 원수의 확보 여부, 현행 공급 능력의 진단 등이 복합적으로 이루어져야 한다. 충청남도 홍성군 갈산면 신곡마을은 안정적인 농업용수 공급 시스템이 마련되어 있지 않아 상시 가뭄지역으로서 현행 지하수 관정에 의한 취수능력으로는 주기적인 물 부족이 발생하는 지역이며, 대용량의 암반 지하수 관정 개발도 대수층의 특성상 거의 불가능하다. 따라서, 인공함양의 원수로서 하천수 또는 함양영역 밖의 소용량의 암반 지하수를 고려할 수 있다. 월별 물수지 분석 결과, 농번기 초기인 4월에는 수요량 대비 기존 용수원(관정)에 의한 공급량이 충분하여 99 ㎥/d의 여유가 존재하나, 5월에는 215 ㎥/d의 물부족이 발생하게 된다. 반면에, 하천유출량은 3월 1,297 ㎥/d, 4월 2,899 ㎥/d 등으로서 함양원수로 사용하기에 충분한 수량이 존재할 뿐 아니라, 이 기간의 지하수위가 지표하 약 4~5 m 하부에 위치하고 있어 지하수 함양에 충분한 공간도 확보되는 것으로 평가되었다. 향후 추가적인 정밀한 수치모델링을 통하여 지하수 인공함양을 위한 적정 물량, 지하수위의 분포 변화 예측, 적정 취수량의 결정 등을 수행할 예정이다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.5115-5122
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• 2013

This paper has studied about the development and application of landslide collapse prediction real-time monitoring system based on USN to detect and measure the collapse of landslide. The rainfall measuring sensor, gap water pressure sensor, indicator displacement measuring sensor, index inclination sensor, water content sensor and image analysis sensor are selected and these are applied on the test bed. Each sensor's operation and performance for reliability verification is tested by the instrument which is installed in the field. As the result, u-IT based real-time landslide monitoring system which is developed by this research for landslide collapse detection could minimize life and property damages because it makes advance evacuation with collapse risk pre-estimate through real-time monitoring on roadside cut and bedrock slopes. This system is based on the results of this study demonstrate the effect escarpment plan are spread throughout.