• Plant Journal
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.52-61
• /
• 2022

This study tested the effect of de-NOx Facility operating condition on Nox emisiion in a 125 MW wood pellet power plant in Yeongdong Eco Power Plant Unit 1, which is in operation. As SNCR urea flow rate increased, NOx emission gradually decreased, but ammonia slip after SCR increased. The boiler under test has a structure that is unfavorable to SNCR operation due to the high internal temperature, and the optimum location of the nozzle will be required. SCR dilution air temperature change did not affect the amount of NOx generated. Increasing SCR ammonia flow reduced the NOx emission at SCR outlet and also increased the NOx removal efficiency. However, the ammonia flow rate of 111 kg/h, which does not exceed the ammonia slip its own reference limit, is estimated to be the maximum operating standard. The increase in SCR mixer pressure reduced NOx emission and the removal efficiency was also measured to be the most effective variable to inhibit NOx production.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.41-48
• /
• 2014

A urea-SCR system suffers from some issues associated with the ammonia slip phenomenon, which mainly occurs because of the shortage of evaporation and thermolysis time, and this makes it difficult to achieve an uniform distribution of injected urea. A numerical study was therefore performed by changing such various parameters as installed injector angle and application and angle of mixer to enhance evaporation and the mixing of urea water solution with exhaust gases. As a result, various parameters were found to affect the evaporation and mixing characteristics between exhaust gas and urea water solution, and their optimization is required. Finally, useful guidelines were suggested to achieve the optimum design of a urea-SCR injection system for improving the DeNOx performance and reducing ammonia slip.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.24 no.11
• /
• pp.2762-2770
• /
• 2000

The refuse incineration plant has an important role in saving the combustion energy for local heating system. But harmful combustion gas(NOx etc.) leads to some serious environmental problem. To reduce the gas, a SCR(Selective Catalytic Reduction)system is installed and it is controlled by adjusting the flow of ammonia gas(NH3) . In this paper, we apply a repetitive control method to reduce NOx by adjusting the flow of ammonia gas for SCR system in a refuse incineration plant which is located in Haeundae, Pusan, Firstly, we analyze the inlet NOx period by FFt method, and verify its periodic variations. Secondly, we design a repetitive control system by using state space model method. Lastly, the effectiveness of repetitive control system is shown by comparing to a conventional PID control in simulation and experimental results.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.41 no.6
• /
• pp.397-407
• /
• 2017

In this study, a SCR system is employed to selectively reduce $NO_X$, which is a major cause of environmental pollution and issues in diesel engines. In particular, this paper focuses on the combination of feedforward injection strategies, depending on the NO/$NO_X$ ratio, and feedback injection control, using $NH_3$ coverage ratio, based on a SCR model. A 2.2 L passenger diesel engine, which is equipped with a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) and a diesel particle filter (DPF), was used in the experiments. The developed control algorithm is implemented on a real-time computer with injection control algorithm. By analyzing the $NO_X$ emission measurement, the performance of the proposed injection control algorithm is verified.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2002.05a
• /
• pp.206-209
• /
• 2002

본 논문에서는 폴리실리콘의 재결정화 공정에서 발생하기 쉬운 폴리실리콘의 엉김현상, 슬립, 부분적인 실리콘 기판의 녹음현상 등을 방지하기 위한 방법을 제시한다. 그리고 재결정화 된 박막의 질을 향상시키기 위한 폴리실리콘과 보호 산화막(capping oxide)의 두께 변화에 따른 실험 결과를 살펴본다. 폴리실리콘의 엉김현상은 매몰 산화막(buried oxide)과 액체 상태의 실리콘 사이의 wetting angle과 관계되는데, 이를-방지하기 위해서는 재결정화할 폴리실리콘과 산화막의 계면에 질소를 주입시켜주면 되는데, 이는 재결정화할 시료를 암모니아 가스 분위기에서 열처리를 통하여 해결할 수 있다. 그러고 실러콘 기판의 국부적 녹음 현상 및 슬립은 실리콘 기판의 윗면을 mechanical damage에 의해서 약 $20{\mu}m$ 정도의 거칠기를 가지도록 하면 이러한 현상을 방지할 수 있다. 그러고 폴리실리콘이 재결정활 될 때 부피의 변화가 발생하며, 이로 인하여 재결정화된 박막의 두께는 위치에 따라 변화한다. 재결정화된 박막 두께의 균일도를 유지하기 위해서는 재결정화할 폴리실리콘 두께의 3배 이상이 되는 보호 산화막을 사용하였을 때 원하는 균일도를 얻을 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
• /
• 2008.11b
• /
• pp.3096-3101
• /
• 2008

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) technology is well-known to be effective for the reduction of NOx emission. So car manufacturers has adopted Ures-SCR system to be satisfied with emission regulation. This paper discusses the effective of $NH_3/NOx$ ratio and SCR catalyst temperature in the $NH_3$-SCR reactor on DeNOx performance. So it is shown the characteristic of NOx conversion and ammonia slip using the $NH_3$ instead of Urea-Solution. From the result of this study, it is found to optimize $NH_3/NOx$ ratio to have the best case of high NOx conversion and low ammonia slip at variable SCR catalyst temperatures. Lastly, it is also found the characteristics of NOx conversion and ammonia slip with compared with Urea.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.302-309
• /
• 2016

Urea-SCR system is currently regarded as promising NOx reduction technology for diesel engines. SCR system has to achieve maximal NOx conversion in combination with minimal $NH_3$ slip. In this study, model based open loop control for urea injection was developed and assessed in the European Transient Cycle (ETC) for heavy duty diesel engine. On the basis of the transient modeling, the kinetic parameters of the $NH_3$ adsorption and desorption are calibrated with the experimental results performed over the zeolite based catalyst. $NH_3$ storage or surface coverage of SCR catalyst can not be measured directly and has to be calculated, which is taken into account as a control parameter in this model. In order to reduce $NH_3$ slip while maintaining NOx reduction, $NH_3$ storage control algorithm was applied to correct the basic urea quantity. If the actual $NH_3$ surface coverage is higher than the maximal $NH_3$ surface coverage, the urea injection quantity is significantly reduced in the ETC cycle. By applying this logic, the resulting $NH_3$ slip peak can be avoided effectively. With optimizing the kinetic parameters based on standard SCR reaction, it suggests that a simplified, less accurate model can be effective to evaluate the capability of model based control in the ETC cycle.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.50-56
• /
• 2011

To meet the NOx limit without a penalty of fuel consumption, Urea-SCR system is currently regarded as promising NOx reduction technology for diesel engines. SCR system has to achieve maximal NOx conversion in combination with minimal $NH_3$ slip. In this study, map based open loop control for urea injection was developed and assessed in the European Transient Cycle (ETC) for heavy duty diesel engine. The basic urea quantity set-value which was calculated using the look up tables of engine out NOx, exhaust flow rate and optimum NSR resulted in NOx reduction of 80% and the average $NH_3$ slip of 24 ppm and maximum of 79 ppm. In order to reduce $NH_3$ slip, $NH_3$ storage control algorithm was applied to correct the basic urea quantity and reduced $NH_3$ slip levels to the average 15 ppm and maximum 49 ppm while keeping NOx reduction of 76%. With high and increasing SCR temperature, the $NH_3$ storage capacity decreases, which leads to $NH_3$ slip. The resulting $NH_3$ slip peak can be avoided by stopping or significantly reducing the urea injection during the SCR temperature gradient is over $30^{\circ}C/min$.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.95-105
• /
• 2012

The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system is a highly-effective aftertreatment device for NOx reduction of diesel engines. Generally, the ammonia ($NH_3$) was generated from reaction mechanism of SCR in the SCR system using the liquid urea as the reluctant. Therefore, the precise urea dosing control is a very important key for NOx and $NH_3$ slip reduction in the SCR system. This paper investigated NOx and $NH_3$ emission characteristics of urea-SCR dosing system based on model-based control algorithm in order to reduce NOx. In the map-based control algorithm, target amount of urea solution was determined by mass flow rate of exhaust gas obtained from engine rpm, torque and $O_2$ for feed-back control NOx concentration should be measured by NOx sensor. Moreover, this algorithm can not estimate $NH_3$ absorbed on the catalyst. Hence, the urea injection can be too rich or too lean. In this study, the model-based control algorithm was developed and evaluated on the numerical model describing physical and chemical phenomena in SCR system. One channel thermo-fluid model coupled with finely tuned chemical reaction model was applied to this control algorithm. The vehicle test was carried out by using map-based and model-based control algorithms in the NEDC mode in order to evaluate the performance of the model based control algorithm.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.122-128
• /
• 2010

To meet the NOx limit without a penalty of fuel consumption, urea-SCR system is currently regarded as promising NOx reduction technology for diesel engines. SCR system has to achieve maximal NOx conversion in combination with minimal $NH_3$ slip. In this study, the performance characteristics of urea-SCR system with open loop control were assessed in the European Transient Cycle(ETC) for heavy duty diesel engine. The SCR inlet temperaure varied in the range of 200 to $340^{\circ}C$ in the ETC cycle. Open loop control calculated the urea flow rate based on the NOx and NSR map which gave for each combination of SCR inlet temperature and space velocity the normalized $NH_3$ to NOx stoichiometric ratio which resulted in a steady-state $NH_3$ slip of 20ppm. During the ETC cycle, the open loop control with the optimized NSR offset achieved NOx reduction of 80% while keeping the average $NH_3$ slip below 10ppm and maximum 20ppm. It was also found that NOx sensor was cross-sensitive to $NH_3$ and a control strategy for cross-sensitivity compensation was required in order to use a NOx sensor as feedback device.